MIDTERM (2) Flashcards
What is aversion therapy, and how is it used?
Aversion therapy is a type of behavioral therapy that pairs unwanted behavior (e.g., addiction, deviant behavior) with discomfort (e.g., shock therapy, starvation) to stop the behavior.
It’s often used in religious institutions to ‘correct’ behaviors like LGBTQ identities or addiction.
What is salient aversion therapy?
Salient aversion therapy involves exiling a member from a community as a form of punishment or correction.
What is habitus, and how does it influence behavior?
Habitus is a set of internalized patterns of thought and behavior shaped by a person’s social class, history, and culture.
For example, someone’s sexual behavior is influenced by what they value and appreciate based on their upbringing and environment.
What is libido in Freud’s theory?
Libido refers to sexual desire or motivation (sex drive).
What is Thanatos, and when does it develop?
Thanatos is the aggressive motivation (e.g., sexual assault). Freud believed it develops during puberty, when individuals become initiators in sexual behavior.
What does the biological theory say about sexual orientation?
Sexual orientation is influenced by genetics, hormones, and environmental factors present before birth. It suggests that sexuality is innate and not a choice.
How does evolution influence sexuality?
Evolution shapes sexuality through natural selection, where desirable traits (e.g., physical attractiveness, fertility) are passed on to ensure survival and reproduction.
How do social institutions influence sexuality?
Social institutions like family, religion, mass media, education, and law shape sexual behavior and norms.
For example: Family: Fear or acceptance of LGBTQ identities. Religion: Beliefs about relationships (e.g., going to heaven or hell). Mass Media: Representation of gender (e.g., bathroom ads). Education: Early sex education. Law: Age of consent, abortion laws.
Who is Richard Von Krafft-Ebing, and what did he study?
He was the most influential sex researcher in the 19th century and coined the term ‘deviant sexology’, studying behaviors like BDSM and sodomy.
What did Celia Mersher study, and why is she significant?
She was the first female sex researcher and studied upper-class wives’ attitudes toward sex.
She found that they enjoyed sex for reasons beyond procreation but couldn’t publish her work due to sexism.
What did Evelyn Hooker’s research on gay and straight couples reveal?
She found no difference between gay and straight couples except for gender.
Her work helped remove homosexuality from the DSM as a mental illness in the 1990s.
What is Alfred Kinsey known for, and what was his research method?
Kinsey was a zoologist who transitioned to studying human sexuality.
He conducted a longitudinal study, interviewing 18,000 people about their sexual behaviors and preferences.
He conducted a longitudinal study, interviewing 18,000 people about their sexual behaviors and preferences.
What did Masters and Johnson discover about women’s sexuality?
They found that women can have multiple orgasms in one sexual encounter and need direct and indirect clitoral stimulation for pleasure.
They studied couples having sex in a lab using tools like a penile gauge (to measure erections) and vaginal discharge measurement.
What theory did Debrah Tannen write?
Tannen’s theory supports the idea that gender influences our way of communicating. Genderlect!
Women rapport and men report.
