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Psychology of Gender > Midterm 4 > Flashcards

Midterm 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main goal in recovery after being victimized? Why?

A

Empowerment because violence robs an individual of their power

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2
Q

What is empowerment according to Cattaneo and Goodman?

A

a meaningful shift in the experience of power attained through the interaction with the social world

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3
Q

What is direct aggression?

A

overt verbal or physical behaviors intended to inflict harm

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4
Q

What is indirect aggression?

A

behaviors intended to harm another’s social relationships or status

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5
Q

What did Card et al ‘s meta-analysis show about the forms of aggression and gender?

A

boys use more direct aggression,
girls use more indirect aggression

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6
Q

What % of perpetrators of violent crime were male?

A

87%

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7
Q

What % of victims of violent crime were male?

A

74%

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of abuse?

A

Physical, verbal, emotional, sexual

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9
Q

Men are more likely to injure their partner, T/F?

A

True

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10
Q

Victims of family violence are more likely to be female, T/F?

A

True

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11
Q

Which province has the highest IPV rates?

A

Saskatchewan, Manitoba 2nd

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12
Q

What is the I^3 Theory?

A

high instigation
high impellance
low inhibition

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13
Q

What is intimate terrorism?

A

repeated IPV, control tactics that isolate their partner

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14
Q

What are some consequences of IPV?

A

Fear, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, mistrust, isolation, PTSD, physical injury, physical symptomology due to stress, depression, and anxiety

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15
Q

What is the Redress Project?

A

Awareness for aboriginal women, increase inhibition is the goal

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16
Q

What are some results when a woman reports greater control during their help-seeking?

A

Greater satisfaction with justice system
More likely to report future incidents
When they get a fair legal outcome, less depression and greater life satisfaction

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17
Q

What does greater empowerment in recovery lead to?

A

less PTSD symptoms

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18
Q

What do women need to feel more empowered?

A

social support, effective coping, social services support

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19
Q

What % of women leave relationships?

A

85%

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20
Q

What is sexual assault?

A

unwanted sexual contact

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21
Q

What % of women have been sexually assaulted? Men?

A

30%, 8%

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22
Q

What is rape?

A

sexual penetration without consent (also with an object)

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23
Q

What % of assailants walk free?

A

99.7%

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24
Q

People who have been sexually assaulted are more likely to have:

A

depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, sleep disruptions, pain in the body, fatigue

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25
Q

How do reactions influence recovery?

A

greater recovery when believed, listened to, emotionally supported, provided with tangible assistance

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26
Q

How does a women’s relationship with health and doctors differ to men’s?

A

women: visit doctors more frequently, are hospitalized and have more operations, have chronic medical conditions

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27
Q

Who lives longer

A

women at 84, men at 80

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28
Q

How is life expectancy changing for both genders?

A

It is rising, the gap between genders is also becoming smaller

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29
Q

What is the morbidity-mortality paradox?

A

phenomenon in which women tend to have a higher rate of morbidity (sickness) but lower rates of mortality (death) than men

30
Q

Why do women live longer?

A

Biology (X chromosomes, hormones, evolution and pregnancy)
Gender roles

31
Q

What are the most common causes of death for both genders?

A

Cancer and heart disease

32
Q

Who is more likely to die in accidents, suicide, and homicide?

A

men

33
Q

how do gender norms affect exercise?

A

Men are supposed to be strong and fast and women are supposed to be slim

34
Q

What % of women were uncomfortable in a gym because of evaluative concerns? Men?

A

44%, 8%

35
Q

What is the minority stress theory?

A

belonging to a stigmatized group can create unique stressors which combine to increase vulnerability to health issues

36
Q

How do sexual minority Canadians differ from heterosexual Canadians in terms of health care?

A

sexual minority Canadians had a greater probability of dying from preventable conditions than heterosexual Canadians like heart disease, suicide, and accidents

37
Q

What is a psychological disorder/condition?

A

a persistent and significant disruption or disturbance of thought, emotion, or behavior, that causes significant distress or impairment in functioning

38
Q

What are the guidelines for an illness to be in the DSM?

A

the pattern/behavior is not a culturally sanctioned response, or a conflict between the individual and the society/government

39
Q

What is the prevalence rate of psychological disorders in Manitoba in 2018?

A

28% of adults, 44% women, 27% men

40
Q

Why do Indigenous people experience more mental health conditions?

A

lower socio-economic status, minority stress theory, trauma

41
Q

What types of mental disorders are women more subjected to?

A

Mood disorders ex depression anxiety phobias

42
Q

What types of mental disorders are men more subjected to?

A

substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder

43
Q

What is the transdiagnostic approach?

A

different psychological disorders are manifestations of a few core, heritable, underlying dimensions. A gene makes an individual more vulnerable to disorders

44
Q

What is internalized expression of a disorder?

A

emotions and behaviors are directed inwards, to the individual

45
Q

What is an externalized expression of a disorder?

A

emotions and behaviors are directed outward. Aggressive

46
Q

What factors might cause an individual to express a disorder internally?

A

rumination, sexual abuse, estrogen, neuroticism

47
Q

What factors might cause an individual to express a disorder externally?

A

emotional suppression, impulsivity, lower effortful control, more callous-unemotional traits, testosterone.

48
Q

What is gender dysphoria?

A

clinically significant distress arising from the difference between one’s psychological sense of gender and the gender that others assign to them

49
Q

What are the 3 forms of gender dysphoria?

A

physical, social, mental/emotional

50
Q

What is deadnaming?

A

Using someone’s old name

51
Q

What’s so good about a diagnosis?

A

feels real and valid, helps you understand yourself, won’t feel alone

52
Q

How many transgender people are intersex?

A

transwomen: 6%, transmen: 2%

53
Q

What is a medical transition?

A

medical transition means medical intervention to change sex (hormones, genital surgery, chest surgery)

54
Q

What is the most popular medical transition?

A

Hormones

55
Q

Why are some transgender people not interested in genital surgery?

A

money and risks, hormones can cause cancer to develop

56
Q

What is internalized transphobia?

A

self-directed transphobic attitudes held by transgender individuals

57
Q

What does greater internalized transphobia predict?

A

depression, anxiety, substance abuse, suicidality

58
Q

What can gender confirmation not fix?

A

Trauma and past experiences

59
Q

How many people detransition?

A

13%

60
Q

Why do people detransition?

A

55% say they did not get adequate information, 82.5% made decision because of external factors (family, work, school, violence)

61
Q

What is an eating disorder? name some

A

serious medical condition that effect both psychological and physical health.
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, muscle dysmorphia

62
Q

Which disorder has the highest mortality rate?

A

Anorexia nervosa, more than 1/2 caused by suicide

63
Q

What is orthorexia?

A

obsession with eating healthy

64
Q

Rates of eating disorders are higher among:

A

western societies, adolescent and young women, transgender people, gay men, athletes in aesthetic sports

65
Q

What are risk factors of eating disorder?

A

bad parent-child relationship
childhood sexual abuse
low self-esteem
perfectionism
body dissatisfaction

66
Q

What is self-objectification

A

to view the self as an object whose value is dependent on appearance

67
Q

What is the objectification theory?

A

taught to internalize an outsider’s perspective on their physical selves, resulting in a chronic preoccupation with appearance

68
Q

What is muscle dysmorphia?

A

constant thoughts of eating, training, smallness, punishing workouts

69
Q

What are some treatments for psychological disorders?

A

medication, therapy, self-help, exercise, self-compassion and mindfulness, practicing gratitude, focus on social relationships

70
Q

What are 3 major themes of the psychology of gender?

A

critical thinking and systematic research, interconnectedness of nature and nurture, status, power, and intersectionality

Psychology of Gender (2 decks)

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