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Intercultural Communication > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What was Hofstede’s contribution?

A

Cultural taxonomy

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2
Q

In which categories does Hofstede describe nations?

A

Collectivism-individualism, pragmatism, long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, feminity-masculanity

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3
Q

What is enculturation?

A

Learning one’s own culture

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4
Q

What is acculturation?

A

Adaption to new culture

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5
Q

What did Samovar & Porter said about perception?

A

That it is dependent on the symbols individual’s culture uses.

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6
Q

What is IC?

A

Interaction between people whose perceptions and culture are distinct enough to change the meaning of an event.

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7
Q

What is inference?

A

Deduction. It is a key skill that can also lead to making wrong assumptions.

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8
Q

What are values?

A

Set of system rules that guide the culture. They are prioritised (there is a hierarchy.)

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9
Q

What are the different contexts of communication?

A

Physical, physiological, psychological, social, temporal.

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10
Q

Which factors can affect IC?

A

Human f: beliefs and values. mass media. Quality of IContact. Language barriers. Inference. Stereotyping, prejudice, ethnocentrism, perception.

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11
Q

What are the long-standing features of culture?

A

It is organised (hierarchy of priorities), has distinct and common patterns (uniqueness), established on a set of beliefs and values, interconnected and interrelated, influenced by a wide range of factors, dynamic and changing, symbols, it is a stabilising mechanism for the society.

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12
Q

What is a surface culture?

A

Objective culture - tangible 10%

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13
Q

What is a deep culture

A

Subjective - intangible 90%

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14
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

It is a generalisation of characteristics of a social group.

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15
Q

What is a prejudice?

A

Negative attitude toward a social group.

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16
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Judging other cultures from the perspective of mine.

17
Q

What is our perception based on?

A

Experience.

18
Q

What is the difference between cultural contact “within” and “between” society?

A

Within-society is powered by multiculturalism - immigration

Between-society is powered by globalisation of business, education etc. - students

19
Q

Who is a sojourner?

A

Someone who is a temporary resident and who returns home after completion of his objectives. Between-society

20
Q

Name the three phases of culture shock.

A

Honemoon, what am i doing here?!, where is happy hour? :D

21
Q

Define Korean business culture according to Hofstede.

A

Low individualism, high pragmatism, high long term orientation, high uncertainty avoidance

22
Q

How does Confucianism affect Korean business culture?

A

Hierarchy (rights and duties toward employees)
Harmony
Collectivism (company = family….Chaebols)

23
Q

What did Gumpers, Jupp and Roberts study?

A

“Crosstalk”. English v. Asians and Afro-Carribean. Tension coming from: different assumptions, different structure of information, different way of speaking

24
Q

What did G., J. And R. say id the problem that makes a communication between a native speaker and non native speaker difficult?

A

Lack of knowledge about the culture of the other one and lack of knowledge how difficult it is to speak foreign language by the native speaker.

25
Q

Who came with the term ‘cultural irritation’ and what does it mean?

A

Gumpers, Jupp and Roberts. It is a visible irritation one (native speaker) shows when someone from a different culture speaks.

26
Q

Name few push factors.

A

Wars, poverty, ethnic conflicts, natural disasters

27
Q

Name few pull factors.

A

Quality education, job opportunities, peace, prosperity

28
Q

Define high-context culture.

A

Homogeneous, understaning. Collectivistic. Indirect style of speech - most is known from the context

29
Q

Define low-context culture.

A

Diverse, disagreement -> written contracts. Something has to become explicit -> direct style of speach. Individualistic

30
Q

What is the ABC of intercultural encounters?

A

Affective components - stress, emotions
Behavioural c. - culturally defined rules, etiquette
Cognitive c. - social identification, perception, stereotyping…

31
Q

What is a social categorization?

A

Identifying other as members of my either in- or out-groups.

32
Q

What are social systems defined by?

A

Inputs - what starts the process
Throughputs - what influences it
Outputs - outcomes of intercultural contact

33
Q

What does the individualism factor defines

A

Balance between freedom of person v. Restrictions in order to achieve a common objectives.
Relationships of individual toward groups

34
Q

What was Hall’s contribution to the study of IC?

A

High- and Low-context cultural taxonomy

Intercultural Communication (3 decks)

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