Midterm

Question 1

an unearned and inherited advantage one has because of membership to a certain group

Answer 1

Privilege

Question 2

What are 2 types of privilege?

Answer 2

Unearned entitlement and conferred dominance

Question 3

when one group is “held down” by a privileged group; subordination due to a devalued status

Answer 3

Oppression

Question 4

Unearned entitlement

Answer 4

something everyone should have but doesn’t, such as feeling safe or being respected; leads to overall advantage

Question 5

Conferred dominance

Answer 5

when privileged groups assert power over others because of their privilege

Question 6

What type is privilege is most difficult to change?

Answer 6

Conferred dominance

Question 7

What is prejudice?

Answer 7

“pre-judgment” that members of a certain group possess certain characteristics; disrespectful attitude based on group membership

Question 8

What is discrimination?

Answer 8

Treating people unequally based on their group membership

Question 9

What is institutional discrimination?

Answer 9

policies that systematically disadvantage certain groups

Question 10

What is cultural discrimination?

Answer 10

giving special status to cultural expressions that leaves out certain groups

Question 11

What are the 3 key characteristics of prejudice?

Answer 11

Stereotypes, emotions, values

Question 12

What are the 3 types of discrimination?

Answer 12

Interpersonal, institutional, and cultural

Question 13

What is terror management theory?

Answer 13

prejudice against those whose viewpoints threaten their perspective about death and their sense of immortality

Question 14

What are background factors that predispose prejudice?

Answer 14

Distal explanations

Question 15

What is the psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 15

views prejudice as indirect expression of the inner psyche and unconscious feelings

Question 16

What is objects relations theory?

Answer 16

idealizing a group (the in-group) based off positive caretaker attachment as a child

Question 17

What is the frustration/aggression hypothesis?

Answer 17

theory that people consciously direct their frustration onto vulnerable groups/scapegoats that did not make them angry

Question 18

What are the 3 characteristics of privilege?

Answer 18

Dominated by privileged groups, identified with privileged groups, and centered around privileged groups.

Question 19

Why do people follow paths of least resistance?

Answer 19

Because they’re afraid of what will happen if they don’t

Question 20

How are paths of least resistance created?

Answer 20

Social systems lay them down and silence reinforces them

Question 21

What is high social dominance orientation?

Answer 21

viewing the world competitively and thinks inequality is fair

Question 22

What is low social dominance orientation?

Answer 22

striving for equality and connection over competition

Question 23

What is social domination theory?

Answer 23

hierarchy is universal and constant and, once established, are perpetuated by the privilege of dominant groups

Question 24

What are the 2 myths associated with social dominance theory?

Answer 24

Hierarchy-enhancing and hierarchy-attentuating

Question 25

What is system justification theory?

Answer 25

the need to believe that society is fair; causes disadvantaged groups to accept negative messages about themselves and reassures privileged groups

Question 26

What are the 4 types of prejudice?

Answer 26

Admiration, contemptuous, envious, paternalistic

Question 27

What are the 2 non-ambivalent types of prejudice?

Answer 27

Admiration and contemptuous

Question 28

What are the 2 ambivalent types of prejudice?

Answer 28

Envious and paternalistic

Question 29

Prejudice directed toward groups low in status that are seen as economically dependent

Answer 29

Contemptuous prejudice

Question 30

Prejudice toward a group rising in status and seen as competition

Answer 30

Envious prejudice

Question 31

Prejudice caused by a belief that certain groups lack capability

Answer 31

Paternalistic prejudice

Question 32

describes a certain group

Answer 32

Descriptive stereotypes

Question 33

how a certain group should be or act

Answer 33

Prescriptive stereotypes

Question 34

What are hierarchy-enhancing myths?

Answer 34

justify inequality by providing explanations for the way things are

Question 35

What are hierarchy-attenuating myths?

Answer 35

focus on external factors that contribute to inequality

Question 36

What is symbolic prejudice?

Answer 36

prejudice hidden behind other politically-focused views

Question 37

What role does ideology play in social dominance theory?

Answer 37

Ideology is how people try to retain their privilege

Question 38

Passive oppression

Answer 38

occurs by doing nothing to end it; acceptance perpetuates it

Question 39

the socially defined position a person occupies in society

Answer 39

Status

Question 40

the most important quality we judge people by most often

Answer 40

Master status

Question 41

What are the 3 types of oppression?

Answer 41

Interpersonal, institutional, and internalized

Question 42

What is the basis of inequality?

Answer 42

Ideology

Question 43

the systematic policy by which people of color are oppressed

Answer 43

Institutional oppression

Question 44

ideas and knowledge people use in their social lives that define what is socially acceptable to them

Answer 44

Cultural capital