Final

Question 1

What is the habituation paradigm?

Answer 1

test of pre-verbal childrens’ categorization tendency by tracking the distinctions that their brains notice

Question 2

What are the 3 ways prejudice develops?

Answer 2

Socialization, social-cognitive development, and intergroup relations/developmental intergroup

Question 3

Describe the social-cognitive development method of prejudice

Answer 3

children are not sponges, but actively construct their own prejudice from their cognitive and social development

Question 4

What is conservation?

Answer 4

being able to understand that physical appearance does not necessarily correspond to properties of entities; relates to social-cognitive theory

Question 5

What is essentialism?

Answer 5

core characteristics apply to every member of a group and groups are completely different from each other; in children it explains categories and in adults it justifies inequality; relates to developmental intergroup theory

Question 6

What is outgroup homogeneity?

Answer 6

viewing other groups as having similar negative traits; social identity theory

Question 7

What is ingroup homogeneity/positive distinctiveness?

Answer 7

viewing one’s own group as having similar positive traits; social identity theory

Question 8

What is the black sheep effect?

Answer 8

rejecting a nonconforming group member to maintain social group identity

Question 9

What is the unified instrumental model of group conflict?

Answer 9

when groups perpetuate prejudice to reduce threat of competition; views the world as competitive where one group wins and the other loses; anthropocentrism

Question 10

What is anthropocentrism and what theory is it a part of?

Answer 10

the belief that humans are more valuable than animals or nature; part of unified model of group conflict

Question 11

What is realistic group conflict?

Answer 11

prejudice toward other groups because of competition over resources or a threat to values, such as toward immigrants; a result of real social conditions

Question 12

What is social identity prejudice?

Answer 12

prejudice resulting from simple group membership, even when no competition or benefit exists, because it gives you a positive sense of identity

Question 13

Symbolic threats

Answer 13

when members of one group feel another group threatens their cultural or religious values; part of realistic group conflict theory

Question 14

What is social identity?

Answer 14

an evaluation of one’s collective identity

Question 15

What are the 3 ways social identity is maintained?

Answer 15

Positive distinctiveness, outgroup homogenity, and black sheep effect

Question 16

When privileged groups retaliate against groups rising in status who threaten their advantage

Answer 16

Backlash

Question 17

What is the contact hypothesis?

Answer 17

indirect method where positive interactions with different groups cause prejudice to decrease

Question 18

What is the weapons effect?

Answer 18

wrongly shooting an unarmed black man or wrongly not shooting an armed white man due to stereotypes

Question 19

when people’s impressions of others seem to be based on facts, but are unconsciously influenced by stereotypes

Answer 19

Implicit stereotypes

Question 20

when people are aware of stereotypes that guide the way they see people yet believe they are legitimate

Answer 20

Explicit stereotypes

Question 21

What is stereotype threat?

Answer 21

when awareness of a stereotype leads to a person performing worse, ironically proving the stereotype to be true