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Systematic Theology II > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Analogy of Faith? (by Sam Storms)

A

At the most basic level, the idea of letting Scripture interpret Scripture; If we try to interpret Scripture on our own, we are likely to get it wrong

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2
Q

What are the Five Assumptions of Divine Revelation (the Bible)?

A

Inerrant, Accommodated, Progressive, Unified, Perspicuous (perspicuity of Scripture)

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3
Q

What is the Inerrant Assumption of Divine Revelation?

A

You have to begin with the assumption that it’s true

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4
Q

What is the Accommodated Assumption of Divine Revelation?

A

It is written so we can understand it

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5
Q

What is the Progressive Assumption of Divine Revelation?

A

What God began in Genesis is further explained in the rest of the Bible; the Bible is progressive and is built on previous writings

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6
Q

What is the Unified Assumption of Divine Revelation?

A

It is one book, ultimately one author, and one overarching message

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7
Q

What is the Perspicuous Assumption of Divine Revelation?

A

It is clear and is meant to be understood

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8
Q

What are the Limitations to the Analogy of Faith?

A

If you only have one Scripture on a topic, that does not mean it isn’t inerrant because it isn’t repeated anywhere else–sometimes you will only find one verse, but it is still true; If the inference of a passage is clear, it is not false because a correct inference is enough; One positive statement is enough to establish a doctrine

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9
Q

What is Christology?

A

The Doctrine of Christ; “cristos” means anointed one/messiah, “logos” means study

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10
Q

What is Christology from Above?

A

Begin with Scripture (God’s Word) and you draw it out of there (Bible driven Christology)

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11
Q

What is Christology from Below?

A

Based on abilities and knowledge; always has an anti-supernatural bias (Jesus isn’t God and man, no miracles, no resurrection, no supernatural, etc.)

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12
Q

What was the Quest for the Historical Jesus?

A

Said He wasn’t supernatural or God; believed that the real Jesus was just a man

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13
Q

What was the 1st Quest for the Historical Jesus?

A

Albert Schweitzer wrote a book called “The Quest for the Historical Jesus” and the Jesus he found, once he stripped away the supernatural, was fascinated with the end time and He was killed because of it

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14
Q

What was the 2nd Quest for the Historical Jesus?

A

Ernst Kasemann argues that you don’t see Jesus ever make a claim to deity and that He never said He was God; the disciples may have interpreted it that way, but it was in the black letters and not the red letters; the apostles/disciples make these claims that Jesus is God while Jesus did not

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15
Q

What was the 3rd Quest for the Historical Jesus?

A

Looked for a more Jewish Jesus; “The Jesus Seminar” are convinced that even the red letters are not definitively Jesus’ words because they admit that the apostles wrote the words and they are not necessarily reliable sources; they painted the picture of a Jesus that they wanted to be seen and did not believe Jesus was supernatural; they only saw Him as the Jewish Jesus

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16
Q

What did Ebionism say about Jesus?

A

(100s AD) Believed that Jesus was the biological son of Mary and Joseph, but He is able to exercise extraordinary supernatural gifts; He was just a special man; they didn’t deny the miracles, but they denied His deity

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17
Q

What did Arianism say about Jesus?

A

(300s AD) Arias makes the case that Jesus is a created being and He is the first, the highest, and most important created being; “There was a time when He was not”-Arias; stated that He is not eternal but He is immortal; Arias believed in a form of incarnation and denied the deity of Christ by stating that He is a created being

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18
Q

What did Socinianism say about Jesus?

A

Salsto Socinas argued that Jesus is the most important human ever because God at the baptism, adopted Jesus as His son; Jehovah’s Witnesses believe this; His death was valuable but not substitutionary

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19
Q

What does the Bible say about the deity of Christ?

A

Jesus is God and God-like, omniscient, eternal with God, worthy of worship; Jesus claimed to be God with the “I AM” statements; He is the good shepherd and offers forgiveness of sins; He claims to be the judge of the world in Matthew; He claims authority over the Sabbath; He accepts worship

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20
Q

What are the implications of the deity of Christ?

A

Because of Jesus’ deity, we can actually have a real knowledge of God; Christ’s death is sufficient to satisfy God’s wrath and it means something; If He is God, God and humanity can be united in one person; Worship is absolutely appropriate

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21
Q

What is “cur deus homo”?

A

Why the God man?; Sin is infinitely evil and it deserves infinite punishment; to rescue man from the infinite punishment, he needs substitute who is like him, but the sacrifice also has to be infinitely worthy; thus, he has to be man and God

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22
Q

What are the 3 offices of Christ?

A

Prophet (He is the revealer), Priest (He is the reconciler and the mediator), King (He is the ruler, above all things, and will be the king in the world to come)

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23
Q

What is atonement?

A

The central doctrine of the Bible; the work of Christ in His life and death to earn our salvation

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24
Q

What are the various views of Atonement?

A

Example Theory of Atonement, Moral Influence Theory of Atonement, Governmental/Moral Government Theory of Atonement, Ransom Theory of Atonement, Satisfaction Theory of Atonement, Penal Substitution Theory of Atonement

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25
Q

What is the Example Theory of Atonement?

A

Christ died as an example of human dedication (Proponents—Socinus, unitarians believed in this theory); Jesus is the example that Christians are to follow and the death of Christ really is the human act of dedication in this theory; thus, the object/focus of atonement is man

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26
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Example Theory of Atonement?

A

They have rendered Christ’s death unnecessary and He could’ve shown His dedication in some other way

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27
Q

What is the Moral Influence Theory of Atonement?

A

Christ’s death was a demonstration of God’s love (Proponents—Peter Abelard, Catholic theologian late 13th/early 14th century; most 19th/20th century liberals); Live as Christ lived

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28
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Moral Influence Theory of Atonement?

A

It only shows God’s love and deals nothing with His wrath

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29
Q

What is the Governmental/Moral Government Theory of Atonement?

A

Christ’s death is a deterrent to sin; moral influence from the negative—look what is going to happen if you don’t live this way (Proponents—Hugo Grotius, New Divinity—Followers of Jonathan Edwards says that man can contribute to his salvation); Jesus became the scapegoat and the example of what not to do

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30
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Governmental/Moral Government Theory of Atonement?

A

It’s also a deterrent to not live in a certain way; the focus is on man; it only portrays God’s wrath

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31
Q

What is the Ransom Theory of Atonement?

A

Christ’s death was a payment to Satan to purchase man’s release (Proponents—Origen, Augustine); you don’t pay a ransom to the rescuer but the hostage holder; the object of atonement is Satan

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32
Q

What are the strengths of the Ransom Theory of Atonement?

A

They are using Biblical language in this theory

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33
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Ransom Theory of Atonement?

A

There is no appeasement of God’s wrath; God’s anger is not dealt with because it is made about Satan rather than God

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34
Q

What is the Satisfaction Theory of Atonement?

A

Christ’s death was a compensation for God’s anger (Proponents—Anselm); death of Christ was compensation; God had to be payed; object of atonement is God

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35
Q

What are the strengths of the Satisfaction Theory of Atonement?

A

The focus is on God

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36
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Satisfaction Theory of Atonement?

A

It overlooks God’s grace and the love side of God

37
Q

What is the Penal Substitution Theory of Atonement?

A

Christ’s death serves many purposes: it is a sacrifice, propitiation, substitution, and reconciliation (Proponents—Anyone else in Church Orthodox; Traditional Orthodox Christian view; dominant historical view of the church); the objects of atonement are God, Christ, and man

38
Q

What are the strengths of the Penal Substitution Theory of Atonement?

A

Solves all of our problems; keeps God as loving and holy; keeps man as sinful and loved

39
Q

What are the 3 different views of atonement that answer whom Jesus died for?

A

Particular Atonement, General View of Atonement, Universal View of Atonement

40
Q

What is Particular Atonement?

A

Christ’s death applies to a particular people (some people); Some argue that it is particular only to the elect or in design and is only sufficient and applied to the elect (limited in extent and intent because it was only meant for the elect); the other approach is particular/limited only to believers (it is particular in application and not design) so His death is sufficient for the sins of all the world but it is applied only to the elect/predestined (some argue that His death is sufficient for all, efficient for all in the present world, but only the sins of the elect are covered in the end)

41
Q

What is the General View of Atonement?

A

Christ’s death applies to all people in some way and His death is sufficient for all, efficient for any who will believe; Efficient but applied only for believers in the next lifetime

42
Q

What is the Universal View of Atonement?

A

Christ’s death is sufficient for all people and efficient for all people; all people are saved and there is universal salvation

43
Q

What is Pneumatology?

A

The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit

44
Q

What is the importance of Pneumatology?

A

The Holy Spirit is our contact with the Trinity and the Spirit’s work is more visible now

45
Q

What is the problem of Pneumatology?

A

It is a difficult doctrine to cover because the Bible is vague on issues related to the Spirit and the relationship of the Trinity is complex to understand

46
Q

What are the works of the Holy Spirit?

A

Conversion, Regeneration, Sanctification, Illumination, Empowerment

47
Q

What is “Ordo Salutis”?

A

The order of salvation

48
Q

What are the four parts to the Ordo Salutis (in no particular order)?

A

Faith, Election, Regeneration, Justification

49
Q

What do Calvinists argue in the Ordo Salutis?

A

Argued that God elected, the Holy Spirit regenerates the elected, the elect then have desire for faith, and through faith they are granted justification (Election, Regeneration, Faith, Justification)

50
Q

What do Arminians argue in the Ordo Salutis?

A

Argued that God elected (chronological election—God elects in eternity past based on foreknowledge), the elect will exercise faith, because of faith they will be born again (regeneration), and then justification flows out of that (Election, Faith, Regeneration, Justification)

51
Q

What are the 3 “lapsarian” views of the Ordo Salutis?

A

Supralapsarian, Sublapsarian, Infralapsarian

52
Q

What is Supralapsarian?

A

The first decree is that God is going to glorify Himself by electing some and reprobating others, second decree is God’s decision to create the elect and reprobate, third decree is the decree to permit the fall, fourth decree is to provide salvation for the elect through Christ (all before creation—driven by concept of election)

53
Q

What is Sublapsarian?

A

The first decree is God’s decree to glorify Himself through the creation of man, second decree is to permit the fall, third decree is to provide salvation that is sufficient for all through Christ, fourth decree is to save the elect and reprobate others based on their response (the fall comes before the decision to save)

54
Q

What is Infralapsarian?

A

The first decree is that God decrees to glorify Himself through the creation of man, second decree is to permit the fall, third decree is that God will elect some to salvation and permit the reprobation of others, fourth decree is to provide salvation for the elect through Christ

55
Q

What is grace?

A

Unmerited favor; based on God’s goodness; God is the root of grace; grace and love commingle

56
Q

What are the two different types of grace?

A

Common Grace and Special Grace

57
Q

What is Common Grace?

A

Not related to salvation; it is grace to all mankind; applies to every area of our lives, to all people, to the physical realm, to the intellectual realm, to the moral realm, to the creative realm, to the societal realm, and to the religious realm

58
Q

What is Special Grace?

A

Grace towards believers and related to salvation; It is necessary because man is a problem; It is undeserved and unmerited; It relates to Election, Predestination, Foreknowledge, and Free Will

59
Q

What is Prevenient Grace?

A

The ability for sinful man to overcome his sin so that he might respond to God’s grace

60
Q

What is Catholic Prevenient Grace?

A

Deny the doctrine of total depravity; they make the case that we are sinners and fallen, but we are not ruined by sin; when you take the sacraments, you receive further grace; everything you do is for the purpose of receiving more grace (baptism, catechism, mass, confession/penance, etc.); thus, the sacraments are necessary for salvation

61
Q

What is Wesleyan Prevenient Grace (John Wesley)?

A

Rejected the doctrine of election and held to a form of foreknowledge (knows what you’ll do in advance and elects based on that); did not deny the doctrine of total depravity (God in prevenient grace graciously enables all human beings to respond to the Gospel)

62
Q

What is Reformed Prevenient Grace?

A

God sovereignly regenerates the elect and with their new hearts, they freely believe

63
Q

What is Soteriology?

A

The Doctrine of Salvation

64
Q

What are the two calls to salvation?

A

General Call and Effectual/Effective Call

65
Q

What is the General Call to Salvation?

A

The call to all nonbelievers to believe

66
Q

What is the Effectual/Effective Call to Salvation?

A

Application of the Gospel on the individual (the work of the Holy Spirit); it is necessary and effective

67
Q

What is Regeneration?

A

To energize or to be born again; it is not something that you do yourself, but it happens to you; also referred to as new creation, renewed, or new heart; It includes language of birth, heart “transplant”, and resurrection; It is instantaneous, a radical change, a new life, effects the whole person, and it occurs subconsciously

68
Q

What is Faith?

A

Notitia (Latin); A knowledge of the facts; “notion”; The difference between faith and works is that you have to believe–Faith is not work, but having faith produces good works

69
Q

What is Repentance?

A

A heartfelt sorrow for sin, a turning from sin, a turning to God, a gift of God

70
Q

What is Justification?

A

One that is made or accounted free from sin; a declaration of independence, but not the same as being declared as not guilty or being found innocent; You are declared not guilty because of Christ’s’ work

71
Q

What is infused righteousness?

A

An ongoing event rather than a punctilliar event (Catholic Theology)

72
Q

What is imputed righteousness?

A

Not something that has happened to me, but something that has happened for me and is a punctilliar event (Protestant Theology)

73
Q

What are the 3 Great Imputations (The Great Transaction)?

A

Adam’s guilt to us, our sin to Christ, Christ’s righteousness to us

74
Q

What is the Doctrine of Preservation?

A

According to Scripture, we are preserved by God; Jesus promises that none of the saved shall be lost

75
Q

What is the Doctrine of Perseverance?

A

True believers continue to trust in God’s Word and in the faith; It is possible to look like a Christian and not be a Christian; The true indication of true believers and fakes

76
Q

What are the different interpretations of the Hebrews Warning Passages?

A

Real warnings, Hypothetical Warnings, and Real warnings for nonbelievers and not real Christians

77
Q

What are the Real Warnings interpretation for the Hebrews Warnings Passages?

A

This is what will happen if you walk away from the faith

78
Q

What are the Hypothetical Warnings interpretation for the Hebrews Warning Passages?

A

This is what could happen to you if you could abandon the faith

79
Q

What are the Real Warnings for nonbelievers and not for real Christians interpretation for the Hebrews Warning Passages?

A

They are real warnings but are not for real Christians; they are for those who think they are Christians because they go to church, but are not Christians in their hearts

80
Q

What is Thanatology?

A

The Doctrine of Death

81
Q

Is death natural?

A

No

82
Q

What is the cause of death?

A

Sin (Ezekiel 18:4,20)

83
Q

What are the two parts of death?

A

Physical and Spiritual

84
Q

What is the Intermediate State?

A

The time between when you die (last breath) and the resurrection of the body

85
Q

What is Soul Sleep?

A

When you die, the body ceases to function, while the soul goes into an unconscious state (like a coma) until the resurrection with Christ; when resurrected, you don’t recognize that time has passed (some people who believe this, do not believe in doing organ transplants)

86
Q

What is Purgatory?

A

In Catholic theology; intermediate state idea; it is the temporary abode/dwelling place for the Christian dead; you go through purgatory right away; you go through the process of purgation (while you are in this state, any remaining sin is being purged and remain in purgatory until it is finished); the only Christians who don’t go to purgatory are the “Saints” and they go straight to Heaven

87
Q

What are the arguments for the saints in the OT who were waiting on Christ to come?

A

Sheol (temporary abode of the dead); limbo (Catholics argued for this; where you wait for the resurrection of Christ); Abraham’s Bosom (A location in a parable; It is a common appeal, but there is only one passage that mentions it and that was not the purpose of the parable that Jesus was telling)

88
Q

What is Glorification?

A

The final step in the redemptive process; Glory will be revealed and it includes the presence of God; He will glorify our bodies in the resurrection

89
Q

What is all glorification, including the body, related to?

A

The new creation

Systematic Theology II (4 decks)

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