Final Flashcards
1
Q
What is Ecclesiology?
A
The doctrine of the Church
2
Q
What are some of the different metaphors of the Church used throughout the Bible?
A
Body of Christ, People of God, Light of the World, Virgin, Bride, Wife of Christ, Strangers, Aliens, Pilgrims, Abraham’s Seed, Salt of the Earth, Branches of the Vine, Temple of God, Building, Chosen Race, Royal Priesthood, Holy Nation, The Elect lady and her Children, Church Visible
3
Q
What did the Early Church believe to be the Symbols of a True Church?
A
Apostolocity (dedicated to the apostles’ teaching), keep the sacraments, catholicity (all in agreement as a group)
4
Q
What does the Catholic Church believe to be the Symbols of a True Church?
A
Apostolic succession (literal connections to Peter), no salvation outside of the church, sacerdotalism (sacraments have power within themselves and not in those ministering or receiving)
5
Q
What does the Protestant Church believe to be the Symbols of a True Church?
A
(After the Reformation) Preaching of the Word (apostolicity), the ordinances (baptism, Lord’s Supper), the living of the Word (discipline is applied)
6
Q
What are the 3 main purposes of the Church?
A
Worship (music, reading the Word, preaching, sharing/evangelism), Discipleship (make disciples, baptize, mentor), and Fellowship (ministry)
7
Q
Why should we do Church Discipline?
A
Clear evidence that God disciplines the church, clear commands in Scripture for us to discipline the church, Practical reasons
8
Q
What are negative goals of Church Discipline that are NOT Biblical?
A
Running people off, punish people, make people feel bad, make us look good
9
Q
What are the Biblical goals of Church Discipline?
A
Restoration, Reconciliation, Prohibition (keep sin from spreading), Protection of Purity of the Church
10
Q
Should private sins be dealt with publicly or privately?
A
Privately
11
Q
Should public sins be dealt with publicly or privately?
A
Publicly
12
Q
How should issues between two people of the church that are done publicly be dealt with?
A
Privately by going to the individual as an individual
13
Q
What happens when public issues between two people of the church are not resolved?
A
Take it to the church members and if necessary, remove the person because they refuse to repent
14
Q
In Early Church history, who ran the church?
A
They had a polity/structure that included local elders and local pastors who controlled their church; above them were bishops or “super-pastors”
15
Q
What did the Catholic Church believe for Church Polity?
A
Bishops from Regional Bishops, Arch-Bishops, the Pope or Bishop of Rome
16
Q
What did Calvin say about Church Polity after the Reformation?
A
Four offices in the Church which include 1) minister of the Word (office in charge of preaching); 2) the doctors of the church (responsible for teaching); 3) the elders (responsible for leading/ruling the church); 4) the deacons (responsible for charity and needs of others in the church)
17
Q
What does the Bible teach about Church Polity?
A
There are two offices which are Pastor/Elder/Overseer/Bishop (descriptions of the same office) and Deacon
18
Q
What are the 3 different models of Church Governments?
A
Episcopal Model, Presbyterian Model, and Congregational Model
19
Q
What is the Episcopal Model of Church Government?
A
There is a bishop/head who leads the church whether in the local congregation or in the denomination (or bigger); all decisions are made above and are handed down (Top Down Model); No Biblical evidence of this model
20
Q
What is the Presbyterian Model of Church Government?
A
Bottom Up leadership that then becomes Top Down; the local church appoints elders, those elders lead the church by means of that election; they also gather with elders of other churches on a denominational level and make decisions for all the churches; Biblical examples include Ephesians, 2 John, 3 John, and Jude
21
Q
What is the Congregational Model of Church Government?
A
Purely Bottom Up; all decisions are made in the congregation; baptists, charismatic groups (most of them), etc. follow this model; This is the dominant form and you might find all three models within this one model
22
Q
What are the 4 different approaches to the Congregational Model of Church Government?
A
Elder Leadership, Democratic Model/Pure Democracy, Corporate Model, Congregationalism (no ruling authority at all)
23
Q
What is the Elder Leadership Approach of the Congregational Model?
A
Some churches have one single elder (the pastor); plural elder leadership (pastor and staff or elected elders in the congregation); some churches are elder led and they make all of the decisions; others are elder ruled in which they make decisions, present it to the church, and represent the church
24
Q
What is the Democratic/Pure Democracy Approach of the Congregational Model?
A
They vote on everything from who is hired/fired, color of carpet, etc. either on a committee level or church-wide; This does keep the congregation involved, but the down-side is that there is not a single verse in Scripture that states for the church congregation to vote on everything
25
What is the Corporate Model Approach of the Congregational Model?
The church elects the board, the board hires the pastor, reviews the pastor, and any decision that the pastor wants to make has to pass through the board; the pastor is less of a leader and more of a spokesperson for the leaders
26
What is the Congregationalism Approach of the Congregational Model?
No Ruling Authority at all; It is not a democracy per-say but it is run as a group; it happens organically in that everyone does what they can do
27
What is the difference between Ordinances and Sacraments?
Ordinances (draws on the idea of a command—Jesus commanded them) or Sacraments (the 7 sacraments have saving properties and are special)
28
What did Early Church History believe was included in the ordinances?
Practiced 2 ordinances which were baptism and the Lord’s Supper
29
What did the Roman Catholic Church believe was included in the ordinances?
Practiced 7 sacraments which were (in order) 1. Baptism (infant, specifically), 2. Confirmation, 3. Mass (must do this in order to do the rest of the ordinances) 4. Penance (confession and response of the priest saying to go do something in order to pay back for the sin) 5. Marriage (must be married to receive grace and divorce is not acceptable) 6. Holy Orders (either married to someone of the opposite sex or married to Christ) 7. Last Rights or Extreme Unction (anointing with oil and laying on of hands reserved for moments of dire life or death consequences; also allows the dying to receive extra grace before dying)
30
What did the Protestants believe was included in the ordinances (after the Reformation)?
Practiced 2 ordinances of baptism and the Lord’s Supper (different meanings of this); some Protestants (Holiness Churches) practice 3 ordinances and the 3rd is foot washing because Jesus told the disciples to wash the feet of others
31
What Tier is the issue of baptism?
Tier 2 because it is not a point of salvation; it divides us in denominations
32
What are the 3 modes of baptism?
Baptism by Immersion, Baptism by Aspersion, and Baptism by Effusion
33
What is Baptism by Immersion?
All the way under the water which refers to “baptizo” which is mentioned in the NT (Biblical baptism)
34
What is Baptism by Aspersion?
This is sprinkling; the legend is that Constantine had Christian priests use tree branches dipped in river water to sprinkle his army before going into battle
35
What is Baptism of Effusion?
This is the pouring of water over a person’s head; they argue that sprinkling doesn’t wash you, but we often wash ourselves by pouring water over our heads
36
Who was the subject of Baptism in the Early Church?
Only believers who have professed their faith
37
Around 180s-190s, who was the subject of Baptism?
Infant baptism became popular because of the question “what happens to babies when they die?”; they would baptize the babies just in case they died early
38
Biblically speaking, what is the act of baptism always connected to?
Belief (ALWAYS)
39
What does Baptism follow?
Conversion
40
How do Catholics argue for infant baptism?
Infant baptism is related to removing Adam’s sin and the rest of their lives, they are only concerned about their own sins which relates to Prevenient Grace (they get baptized for original sin to be gone, then they can profess faith as they grow older)
41
How do the Presbyterians argue for infant baptism?
Presbyterians believe it is connected to the Covenant Theology and the covenant—inclusion into the covenant in the OT was circumcision which happened in 8 days after birth; therefore, infant baptism is the right way; they argue typology or they foreshadow something bigger and better down the road, but the problem is that circumcision in the OT is of the flesh and imperfect and it will be replaced with circumcision of the heart and not getting wet); God would not replace the external with the external, but rather the external with the internal and God replaces the imperfect with the perfect replacement
42
What is Ex Opere Operatu?
The argument comes from Augustine and it says that the power comes from the power itself; the power in baptism is not in a person’s faith and you don’t have to believe it to be affected by it (such as infants), the power of baptism is the power in baptism
43
In Catholicism, who can perform baptisms?
Only those in the order (priests, bishops, and above)
44
Why should we be baptized?
Jesus said so; It demonstrates the Gospel (physical reenactment of the Gospel); It is the display of the individual believer's faith; It serves the point of encouraging the believer; It is the moment of inclusion in the church
45
What is the Catholic view of the Lord's Supper?
Transubstantiation; they interpret "is" literally in that the items have two natures: Accidens (physical characteristics) and Substans (essence); Supernaturally, the accidens stays the same, but the substans changes and this takes place in the Mass when the priest prays
46
What was Luther's view of the Lord's Supper?
Consubstantiation; The bread and wine is not literally Jesus’ body and blood, but they spiritually contain the body and blood in them
47
What was Calvin's view of the Lord's Supper?
Jesus is spiritually in the room when you partake in the Lord’s Supper and you receive more grace every time you participate in it
48
What was Ulrich Zwingli's view of the Lord's Supper?
“Is” is not literal, but symbolic; It is a memorial “do this in remembrance of me”
49
What is the symbolism of the Lord's Supper?
Passover, breaking of the bread, and the wine
50
How often should we take the Lord's Supper?
The Bible says as often as you gather together; Some Christians believe you should do it every time the church is opened; Catholics do it everyday; Many Protestants do it every Sunday; Some do it once a month; Some do it once a quarter
51
Who can participate in the Lord's Supper?
Biblically it is for believers only; Those who take it must be spiritually upright — 1 Cor. 11:23-34
52
What is Open Communion?
Anyone who is a Christian can partake. It is between you and God
53
What is Closed Communion?
It is for believers only and is open only to members of the local church
54
What is Close Communion?
It is open to all Christians who are gathered together who are of like faith and practice
55
What are the benefits of the Lord's Supper?
It is another way for us to portray the Gospel; It can bolster your faith
56
What does Biblical worship include?
Reading the Bible, Preaching the Bible, Praying the Bible, Singing the Bible, Seeing the Bible
57
What is the on-going work that the Holy Spirit is doing today?
He is empowering us, indwelling the individual, teaching, sanctification, intercession, fruits of the Spirit
58
What are corporate ministries of the Spirit?
Gifting, Spiritual Gifts (Prophesy, Service, Teaching, Exhortation, Liberality, Giving Aid, and other acts of Mercy), More Spiritual Gifts (Speaking and Service), Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists, Pastors/Teachers, Special Abilities given to individuals to aid the church (Wisdom, Knowledge, Faith, Healing, Miracles, Prophecy, Ability to Distinguish or Discern Spirits, Various Tongues, or the Interpretation of Tongues)
59
Who does the Holy Spirit give gifts to?
Whomever He chooses; no one person has all the gifts; no gift is given to all people
60
What are Sign Gifts?
Healing (miracles), Prophecy, and Tongues
61
What do Continuationists believe about Sign Gifts?
Some continuationists believe that Christians may exercise these gifts (early pentecostalism); Some argue that Christians MUST exercise these gifts (usually just tongues); Shibbolith—Litmus test for some charismatic groups on whether they are Christians or not; believe that if you don’t speak in tongues then you aren’t a real Christian
62
What do Cessationists believe about Sign Gifts?
Gifts have ceased; they existed for a time and place and that now has ended; Argue that they ended with the apostles (the apostles’ primary task was to give Scripture; once it was written down, the sign gifts ceased); Others argue that the gifts historically have appeared to end with the apostles, but if God wants to use them then it is His business (we can’t tell Him He can’t use them)
63
What do Partial Cessationists believe about Sign Gifts?
Most of the sign gifts have ended, but something like the private prayer language mentioned in Corinthians could still be around
64
What happened to the Gift of Healing?
In the NT, they are limited to the apostles or immediate associates; limited to apostolic ministries, thus when they died, this gift “died” with them; James 5:13-16 says that prayer is the replacement of the gift of healing
65
What happened to the Gift of Prophecy?
1 Corinthians 12:29; test the spirits through Scripture; Prophecy ended with the giving of Scripture
66
What happened to the Gift of Tongues (Glossolalia)?
Acts 1:8; Acts 2; Acts 8, Acts 10, Acts 16; first the apostles speak it, then the recipients, not everyone was doing it and it wasn’t done in the same way each time; The pattern was that Peter was always present when people spoke in tongues
67
What is the Preterits Approach for when the Millennium will begin and how long it will last?
All of these futuristic/end times discussions have already been fulfilled historically; thus, the only thing lacking is the second coming of Christ; Primary focus is on what it meant for the original audience
68
What is the Idealist Approach for when the Millennium will begin and how long it will last?
The book of Revelation in particular is a picture of the timeless struggle between good and evil; thus, their argument is that the revelation story is relevant for all people
69
What is the Historicist Approach for when the Millennium will begin and how long it will last?
They argue that Revelation explains all of future history and not just the end times
70
What is the Futurists Approach for when the Millennium will begin and how long it will last?
Revelation Chapters 1-3 usually represent the history of what was going on in John’s time and Chapters 4-22 are future events
71
What is the Pre-Millennial View (Historic Pre-Millennial)?
Argues that Christ will return before the millennium begins (hence “pre”); Generally is a Pessimistic View; They look at life now and how the world is currently and sees it as getting worse and worse; Church Age—>Christ comes and the dead will rise to be with Christ—>Believers will follow Christ—>1000 Years—>Judgment—>Eternity—>
72
What is the Dispensationalism View?
A type of Pre-Millennial View; Tends to be very literal in hermeneutics; if it says 1000 years then it’s 1000 years, etc.; This movement began in the 1800s in England with John Darby; breaks things in history into units of time; Dispensationalism is very pessimistic, even more than Pre-Millennial; (Church Age)—>Christ comes and dead will rise to be with Christ—>Tribulation—>Believers will join Christ and come back—>1000 Years—> Judgment—>Eternity—> (YoYo Jesus who comes back and goes up and comes back and goes up, etc.)
73
What is the Post-Millennial View?
Christ is presently reigning through the church; very optimistic view because through the church, the world will become better before Christ returns; they argue that Christ will return after the world has been evangelized; Church Age includes millennium—>Christ will come down and the dead will be raised on earth—>Eternity—>
74
What is the Amillennial View?
The millennium is entirely and purely symbolic; it is meant to display that Christ is already reigning from the time of His coronation to the end of time; very similar to post-millenialism, but more idealistic; a very positive view because they believe Christ is already reigning; Church Age (there is no millennium)—>Christ will come down and the dead will be raised on earth—>Eternity—>
75
What is the 3 Dispensational View?
Broke everything down in history to the law (OT), grace (church age through the rapture or parentheses), and the kingdom
76
What is the 4 Dispensational View?
Patriarchal (Genesis through Exodus 19); Mosaic (the rest of the OT); Ecclesial (Acts); Zionic (kingdom to the end of history and judgment)
77
What is the 7-8 Dispensational View?
Innocence or Edenic (Genesis 1-3 Before the Fall); Conscience or Antediluvian (After Adam and Eve fall up and to the Flood Genesis 3-8); Civil Government (Genesis 9-11); Patriarchal or Promise (Genesis 12-Exodus 19); Mosaic or the Law (Exodus 20 up to the birth of the church or end of the Gospels); Grace or the Church (Acts up to the Rapture); the Millennium (Revelation 20:4-6—Some go to the end of the Bible); Eternal State or the Final State (Revelation 20:7 to the end of Chapter 22)
78
What does Dispensationalism teach about judgment?
They teach at least 3 judgments: judgment of tribulations, believers, and unbelievers
79
What does Scripture say about judgment?
One future judgment; All judgment passages describe eternal destinies, not temporary punishments
80
What will judgment be like according to Scripture?
Christ will be the judge, He will judge impartially, He will judge according to our deeds, He will judge the quick and the dead, unbelievers will be judged, the angels will be judged, and Christians will help in the judgment
81
What does Exclusivism say about judgment?
Only those who are in Christ will go to Heaven, all others will go to Hell
82
What does Universalism say about judgment?
Everyone goes to Heaven (believers and unbelievers); they argue that the Gospel is so powerful that it will ultimately sweep all people into Heaven
83
What is Universal Reconciliation?
The idea that Christ’s death has reconciled all things to God
84
What is Universal Pardon?
The idea that since God is all loving, He will not ultimately hold to the conditions He set; He will relent of the condition and treat everyone as if they believe
85
What is Universal Restoration?
The idea that all things are going to be restored to the way they were meant to be before the Fall; this was proposed early on by Origen
86
What does Post-Mortem Evangelism say about judgment and death?
After death, they get one more chance to repent and be saved (Phil 2)
87
What does Annihilationism say about judgment and death?
Comes from nihilo (“nothing”); also known as conditionalism; argues that humans are not by nature immortal beings and at some point in the future (vary on when) after the judgment and you are found guilty, you will cease to exist completely (God would not hold people accountable for eternity for a temporal sin); Usually focused on destruction rather than punishment
88
What does the Bible say about Hell?
Jesus says it is a place of conscious punishment (Matthew 25:30); It is eternal (Revelation 14:9-11; Mark 9); It is a place of physical punishment (Luke 16:28); It is a place of God’s punishment (Hebrews 10:29-31; Revelation 14:9-11); Degrees of punishment (Luke 12:47-48; Revelation 20)
89
Why is judgment and Hell important?
The reality of judgment and punishment satisfies our sense of justice (Colossians 3:25); It should motivate us to righteous living (Matthew 4:20); It should make us want to forgive others (Romans 12:19); It should compel us to evangelize (Ezekiel 33:11; 2 Peter 3:9)
90
Why can't God just simply forgive our sins?
God's holiness demands judgment
91
What should our response be to sin, judgment, and Hell?
Our response should be a broken heart for those who are lost
92
How does the Bible describe Heaven?
It is the presence of God, Jesus is in Heaven with God, It is described as being in the presence of God, It is described as a place and not just a state of mind, It is a place of glory, and it is a place in the absence of evil
93
What will life be like in Heaven?
Rest (the Sabbath continues), Service (Jesus promised that the disciples would sit in judgment one day), Worship
94
What will physical pleasures be in Heaven?
No marriage, no sex, the Bible doesn't really mention eating or drinking; it does mention rewards
95
How will the New Earth be created?
God will recreate the old earth into a new one; it will be perfected and finished
96
What are the parallels of the New Earth and the Garden of Eden in Genesis?
In the Garden, there was no sun or moon at first but there was light (God was the light--He revealed Himself), In the New Jerusalem, there is light but no sun or moon; There are 4 rivers in the Garden and one river called "River of Life" in the New Jerusalem; There are 2 trees in the Garden (tree of life and knowledge of good and evil) and 2 trees in the New Jerusalem, but both are trees of life; No one lives in the Garden after the fall, but after the new creation, the righteous live in the Garden
97
What are the Biblical expectations of church members?
Attendance, love one another, unity, compassion, love your leaders, imitate your leaders, evangelism
98
What will Jesus' second coming be like?
Sudden, personal, visible, physical, and triumphant
99
How should Christians react the the second coming?
Be eager and ready for it
100
What are the signs that the second coming is impending?
The Gospel will go to all nations, the time of the great tribulation, false prophets will arise, signs from the Heavens, the man of lawlessness will come, and salvation of Israel
101
What are the ways to interpret the second coming?
Jesus is immanent; He is waiting to come any moment; Jesus is ready and at the door waiting to come; It is a possibility He will come any day now, but He may not; The signs have not happened yet and He is not anywhere near coming
102
What does the Rapture mean?
Comes from the Greek word "Rapturo"; literally means "to be caught up"
103
What does the Pre-Tribulation View of the rapture say?
Says the church will be taken away to be with Christ before the Tribulation — Rev. 4:1; Strengths: They are taking the Biblical context seriously; Weakness: there isn’t a single verse that say it will happen before the Tribulation
104
What does the Mid-Tribulation View of the rapture say?
Says Christ will come get the church in the middle of the Tribulation; Strengths: It recognizes that the Bible teaches that Christians will suffer; Weakness: There isn’t a single verse that definitively says that is what it means
105
What does the Post-Tribulation View of the rapture say?
Says the church will be taken away after the Tribulation; Strengths: That’s what it says, that Jesus is coming and then we will be in eternity with Him forever; Weakness: There is no hope for this side of eternity. There is no single verse that definitively says
that is what it means.
106
What does the Antichrist mean?
The rival of Christ (one who claims to be Christ but is not); the opponents of Christ
107
What are the practicalities of worship?
Worship should be based on substance, not style; Our context should determine the style; Your context will change over time; The Bible will always determine your substance
108
What are the two ways to worship?
Normative and Regulative Principles
109
What is the Normative Principle of Worship?
Says worship can include anything that the Bible does not prohibit
110
What is the Regulative Principle of Worship?
Says worship can include anything that the Bible prescribes; We can do anything
the Bible commands or commends, but no more
111
What is a doxology?
A song about God's value/worth
112
What inspires us to worship God?
God's attributes and actions should inspire us to worship Him
