Midterm Flashcards
House cat’s scientific name is Felix Domesticus what is its genus
Felix
Scientific name for humans
Homo sapiens
Classification levels
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Genera can be divided into
Species
Which kingdom contains multicellular heterotrophs
Animal
The father of taxonomy was
Carolus Linneaus
What percentage of all living things are currently living on earth
5%
What do we call a scientist who studies the classification of all living things
Taxonomists
What is a dichotomous key
Pairs of statements that lead to identities
Why use a dichotomous key
To indentify things quicker and easier
What is binomial nomenclature
A classification system in which all living things has a 2 part name
An organisms scientific name consists of
The genus & species
What is the largest classification level
Domain
Which classification level occurs after phylum
Class
What stain was used to observe human cheek cells
Methylene blue
The type of plant leaf we observed was
Elodea dens
Packages & ships protein, like UPS
Golgi Bodies
Colored bodies of DNA within nucleus
Chromosomes
Transports proteins, comes in smooth & rough
Endoplasmic reticulum
The powerhouse of the cell, makes ATP
Mitochondria
Layer that surrounds & protects the cell
Cell membrane
Contains RNA & makes ribosomes
Nucleolus
The workers of the cells are the cell’s
Organelles
Site of protein synthesis, made of two subunits
Ribosomes
The basic unit of life
Cell
Large structure that contains the cell’s DNA
Nucleus
Gel-like substance within the cell’s membrane holding all the cell’s internal structures in
Cytoplasm
The trash compactors that break down or digest materials in a cell
Lysosomes
There was an announcement that 3 mean had won a Nobel Prize in Medicine for the way vesicles are packaged around the cell. What is one organelle likely involved
Golgi bodies
Th inner folds of the mitochondria are called foldia
False called the matrix
Carolus Linneaus was an 18th century scientist of taxonomy
True
A life function that requires ingesting food or nutrients
Nutrition
A life function that requires moving nutrients & gases around the inside of the organism
Transport
A life function that requires responding to changes in the environment
Regulation
Internal harmony or stability, of body temperature, for example
Homeostasis
The life function of exchanging gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide
Respiration
Ability to get rid of waste products
Excretion
Ability to respond to changes
Regulation
Ability to build necessary molecules
Synthesis
Ability to increase in size
Growth
Ability to make more of the same kind
Reproduction
Who was the first person to see cell’s under a microscope and give them a name
Robert Hooke
He discovered that all plants were made of cells, which contributed to the development of the cell theory
Matthias Schleiden
He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells
Rudolph Virchow
Name the cell theory
All living things are made of cells, cells can only come from other cells, cells are the basic unit of life
What was essential for the development of the cell theory
Microscope
He discovered all animals are made of cells which contributed to the cell theory
Theodor Schwann
What is the level of organization from smallest to largest
Cell, tissue, organs, & organ systems
What is the most basic unit of life
Cell
Cells go their name because they look like little rooms
True
Cellswere called animalcules by Leewenhoek when he first look at teeth bacteria
True
Made his own microscope and saw bacteria
Anton Von Leewenhoek
Stated all plants are made of cells
Matthias Schleiden
Called the little rooms, cells for the first time
Robert Hooke
Made the first microscope
Zachariah Janssen
Established that cells came from cells
Rudolf Virchow
What are 3 types of microscopes
Compound light microscope, stereoscope, electron microscope
What are 2 abilities of microscopes
Magnify & resolve
What does compound light microscope mean
Compound refers to the 2 magnifying lenses
The exchange of gases like oxygen & carbon dioxide
Respiration
Removing wastes & poisons from the body
Excretion
Organisms that can make their own food
Autotrophs
Cells are to _______ as organs are to organ systems.
Tissues
What does the basic structure of a virus consist of
Genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
What can treat viruses
Antiviral medications, vaccines, strong immune systems
Which is not a virus: Ebola, chicken pox, polio, strep throat
Strep throat
What are disease causing microorganisms
Pathogens
What do antibiotics treat
Bacterial infections only
Why does the lytic cycle take place
To make more viruses
What happens to the host cell after the lytic cycle
It gets destroyed
When would the lytic cycle take place
During a viral infection
What is the difference between the lytic & lysogenic cycles
The lysogenic cycle involves genetic material being taken in by the host cell DNA
Can the lysogenic cycle lead into the lytic cycle
Yes
What can viruses contain
Either DNA or RNA
Why are viruses considered alive by some people
They can reproduce
What are some virus shapes
Polyhedral, spaceship or complex, and cylindrical
Disease causing microbes
Pathogens
Organism that viruses infect
The host
A shape of a virus
Cylinders
The cycle that destroys hosts
Lytic
Medicine that works against some viruses
Antivirals
The cycle that reproduces viruses when the host reproduces
Lysogenic
Bacteria eaters, viruses of bacteria
Bacteriophage
A machine that maintains a set temperature
Incubator
A hockey stick that disperses cells around a dish
Spreader
A scientist who studies with microscopic life
Microbiologist
A storage that holds test tubes
Tube rack
A scientist that studies viruses
Virologist
Edward Jenner and Salk & Sabin are scientist who work with
Vaccinations
Viruses are specific about their host or type of host
True
Why are viruses specific to who they pick
Whether their surface markers match the cell’s receptors
What are tiny holes called that are in a bacteria lawn
Plagues
Organisms that get their food from dead organic matter
Decomposers
Prokaryotes that prefer areas of high salt levels
Halophiles
Bacteria commonly found in and on humans
Eubacteria
Prokaryotes that prefer, hostile extreme environments
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotes that produce methane gas
Methanogens
Bacteria that prefer to live in areas with high temperatures
Thermopiles
What are bacteria shapes
Spirilla, rod-shaped, bacillus
What is the name of a cell with no nucleus
Prokaryotes
Happy bacteria can multiply every how many minutes
20
Which is incorrect: some bacteria breakdown the bodies of dead plants & animals, all bacteria are parasites of living cells, the digestive tract of humans has bacteria that help with nutrition, some bacteria cause illness such as strep throat, food poisoning, and tooth decay
All bacteria are parasites of living cells
What do we use Petri dishes for
To grow bacteria
How do you hold the lid while inoculating the agar
Clamshell the lid
What is the food source that was in the Petri dish
Luria Broth Agar
What has the kingdom Monera been divided into
Archaebacteria and eubacteria
How can bacteria meet their needs of nutrition
Photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, decomposing
A bacteria flagellum is what
A tail like structure for movement
You will always find a cell nucleus in a bacteria
False
How can eubacteria live
Anaerobically, aerobically
What is anaerobically living
Without oxygen
How is aerobically living
With oxygen
Some bacteria can be the cause of disease
True
Some bacteria are able to conduct photosynthesis
T
In medicine some fungi can kill bacteria
True
Prokaryotes like bacteria are larger than eukaryotic cells
False
What can bacteria be found in
Yogurt, cheese, sour cream, in the intestines or mammals, on plant roots
Where would you find Salmonella
Undercooked eggs & chicken
What temperature do you set the incubator to
37° C
What are examples of bad bacteria
Strep Throat, tooth decay, Tetanus
What are the areas called where no bacteria can grow
Zones of inhibition
What is a cell with a nucleus or true kernel
Eukaryotes
What is a lichen
A symbiotic relationship between a fungi and an algae
What are the types of fungi
Club fungus, sac fungus, imperfect fungus
What is the underside of a mushroom cap lined with
Gills
Yeast
Fungus
Athletes foot
Fungus
Liverwort
Plant
Green algae
Protist
Mushroom
Fungus
Angiosperms
Plant
Paramecium
Protist
Euglena
Protist
Amoeba
Protist
Moss
Plant
What are protists
Unicellular, plant like, animal like, or fungus like in nature, aquatic
An organelle that pumps out excess water
Contractile vacuole
Process of engulfing food as vesicles or vacuoles
Phagocytosis
Structures used for moving around
Cilia & flagella
False feet that amoeba use
Pseudopods
Make up cell walls of fungi
Chitin
Food enters through an oral groove
Paramecium
Has chloroplasts & uses flagella
Euglena
Helps keep shape of euglena and paramecium more rigid
Pellicle
First animals
Protozoa
Come bearing naked seed plants
Gymnosperms
Nonvascular spore bearing plants
Bryophytes
Flower bearing hidden seed plants
Angiosperms
Ancestor to all plants
Green algae
Composition of cell walls
Cellulose
Helps convert light energy into chemicals
Chloroplasts
Waxy layer protecting plants from drying outs
Cuticle
Opening underneath leaves for gas exchange
Stomata
Vascular spore bearing plants
Ferns
What do vascular plant shave
A phloem for carrying glucose and a xylem for carrying water
