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Western Civilizations > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

Paul

A

Jewish fax collecter, Epistle

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1
Q

Augustus

A

Ruler, ordered 1st census, set up basics government services (I.e. Postal Service)

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2
Q

Julius Carsar

A

Worked with Pompey, Triumvirate, Julian Calendar, was assassinated.

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3
Q

Virgil

A

Poet, Aeneid

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4
Q

Odoacer

A

Germanic leader, turns on Rome and wipes Romans out

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5
Q

Aristotle

A

Greek philosopher, asked ?s

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6
Q

Pythagoras

A

Greek philosopher, Pythagorean theorem

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7
Q

Herodotus

A

“the histories” accounts of Greco-Persian war

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8
Q

Sophocles

A

Playwrite, Oedipus.

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9
Q

Greece was dominated by which city following the Persian war?

A

Athens

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10
Q

What did Greek theater evolve out of?

A

Religious festivals

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11
Q

What was Alexander’s lasting achievement?

A

Spread of Greek culture

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12
Q

What was the center of Hellenistic world?

A

Alexandria, Egypt.

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13
Q

What did conflict between Athens and Sparta result in?

A

Athens lost its power as a dominating force

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14
Q

Best government according to Aristotle?

A

Monarchy; single and strong leader

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15
Q

Empire that reaches from Greece to Egypt and India was established by whom?

A

Alexander The Great

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16
Q

In art and literature the Romans were influence by what culture?

A

Greek

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17
Q

What did roman legal system contribute to at the time of Roman Empire?

A

Unity and stability, innocent till guilty

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18
Q

Times attitude towards Jews of Palestine?

A

Tolerant

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19
Q

What did Jesus proclaim his mission was?

A

To bring spiritual salvation and eternal life to anyone who would believe him

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20
Q

Pax Romana ended in AD 180 after death of….

A

Marcus Aurelius

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21
Q

Where did Constantine make center of power for Rome?

A

Constantinople

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22
Q

Roman republican declined after civil wars fought over…

A

Who should rule?

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23
Q

What was Rome’s attitude towards people of different religions?

A

Tolerant as long as they showed loyalty

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24
Q

Who tried to restore order to Romen Empire?

A

Diocletian & Constantine

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25
Q

Roman Province of Gaul was conquered?

A

The Franks

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26
Q

what was Charlemagne credited for?

A

Spreading Christianity, Missi Dominici, blending religions

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27
Q

Life in Middle Ages was improved because Monks & Nuns did what?

A

Provided basic services like medical help and schooling. Also gave food and lodging.

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28
Q

During Medieval times, why did religious people want to reform church?

A

Church was corrupt and ignoring their vows

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29
Q

What did new agricultural technologies in Middle Ages lead to?

A

More food=Population Growth

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30
Q

Most important economic activities in a medieval town

A

Merchant Guilds

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31
Q

Battle of Tours was significant because…

A

Charles Martelle stopped Muslims from advancing farther into Europe

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32
Q

Largest part of population in feudal society

A

Peasants

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33
Q

During Middle Ages, which did church have so much power over people?

A

Church was offering salvation, everyone wanted it.

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34
Q

Three field system contributed to revolution because it did what?

A

Restored fertility to soil and added variety to the peasants’ diet

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35
Q

Economic/Political life in towns was dominated by who?

A

Nobles

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36
Q

Importance of Magna Carta

A

Gave rights to peasants and rules for Monarchs to follow

37
Q

What was the Concordat Of Worms?

A

Treaty that said church had power to elect bishops but emperor had to approve

38
Q

Germany’s disunity was due to…

A

Germany’s leader, Fredrick II, spending more time pursuing Italy

39
Q

Goal of Crusades:

A

Urban to gain power and to heal schism between Roman and Byzantine church

40
Q

What does reconquista refer to?

A

Christian campaign to drive Muslims from Spain

41
Q

Plague in Europe resulted in what?

A

1/3 population died, revolts, bad economy, distrust in church

42
Q

Holy roman emperors and popes were in conflict over…

A

Replacing priests and monks

43
Q

Describe Catholic Church

A

Directed everything, had power over everyone, hella corrupt

44
Q

What was Joan of Arc remembered for?

A

Helping France win 100 years war

45
Q

What culture was Kiev influenced by?

A

Byzantine

46
Q

Russian rulers developed what kind of government?

A

Extreme absolute power, dictatorship.

47
Q

Capital of Russia under Czars:

A

Moscow

48
Q

Ivan range terrible was known for…

A

Being shitty and driving Mongols out and building Church

49
Q

During late Middle Ages, what group of people took refuge in Poland?

A

West Slavs

50
Q

What were Renaissance artists focused on?

A

Humanism

51
Q

Albrecht Dürer known as German Leonarso because of…

A

They shared wide ranging interests

52
Q

What did development of printing lead to?

A

More people learned to read, books were cheaper, religious turmoil

53
Q

Luther criticized Catholic Church because they did what?

A

Sold indulgences.

54
Q

What did Copernicus believe?

A

Everything revolves around sun. Heliocentric.

55
Q

What lead to birth of Renaissance in Italy?

A

Economic Boost

56
Q

Why did Renaissance occur later in Northern Europe?

A

It took longer for them to recover from the plague

57
Q

What were effects of printing revolution?

A

Higher literacy, cheaper books, religious problems

58
Q

Luther’s beliefs:

A

Good deeds not necessary, bible is sole source, priests/hierarchy had no special powes

59
Q

What was Henry VIII’s reaction to the Pope’s refusal to annul his marriage?

A

Started his own church and religion

60
Q

The importance of using experiments and observation in seeking knowledge was stressed by whom?

A

Bacon

61
Q

Why did European rulers encourage ocean exploration

A

To find more trade routes

62
Q

Who did Portuguese lose control of trade to in the Indian Ocean?

A

The Dutch/Netherlands

63
Q

Which European power lead in sending out voyages to explore?

A

Portugal

64
Q

What explorer sailed around Africa to India?

A

Vaska de Gama

65
Q

First explorer to cross Atlantic

A

Christopher Columbus

66
Q

Prince Henry changed Portugal’s history by…

A

Making it the 1st vast trading empire by exploration.

67
Q

In what way did Native Americans influence Europe?

A

CORN

68
Q

Global exchange of people, plants, technology, and culture was started by who?

A

Christopher Columbus

69
Q

What form of government is controlled by powerful elite from business class?

A

oligarchy

70
Q

Crusades resulted in:

A

Religious hatred, economic expansion

71
Q

Catholic reformation resulted in:

A

Religious intolerance and wars

72
Q

What is direct democracy?

A

People vote for who they want in charge

73
Q

Why could Sparta be described as totalitarian society?

A

It was a military state and basically a dictatorship

74
Q

Hellenistic civilizations were contributed to by what cultures?

A

Egyptian, Indian, Persian,Greek

75
Q

Hannibal’s strategy to attack Rome during Punic Ward?

A

Take long way around, surprise Rome from back.

76
Q

How did Agustus lay foundation. For a stable government?

A

Civil service

77
Q

After fall of Rome, what institution provided unity?

A

Church

78
Q

What was true of growth of towns?

A

Grew quickly and depended on Merchant Guilds

79
Q

These principles:

Taxation only with representation, right to Trial, die process of the law

were established by what?

A

Magna Carta

80
Q

In 1500s religious unity of Europe vanished as Christians were divided. This period was known as…

A

Reformation

81
Q

Members of Florence’s royal family, were Artistic Patrons, were who?

A

Cosimo de Medici

82
Q

What did Magella’s trip prove?

A

World is round and everything is connected

83
Q

What were Europe’s natural resources?

A

Rich soil, dense forests, minerals

84
Q

Why was DomesDay Book used?

A

As census to properly tax people

85
Q

Humanist interest in what reflected in renaissance art?

A

Anatomy

86
Q

Where is Sparta?

A

Southern Greece

87
Q

Where is Carthage?

A

Northern Africa

88
Q

Where is Aegean Sea?

A

Between Greece and Turkey

89
Q

Where renaissance began?

A

Italy

90
Q

Where democracy first began?

A

Athens, Greece

91
Q

Where common law began?

A

England

Western Civilizations (3 decks)

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