Midterm Flashcards
Paul
Jewish fax collecter, Epistle
Augustus
Ruler, ordered 1st census, set up basics government services (I.e. Postal Service)
Julius Carsar
Worked with Pompey, Triumvirate, Julian Calendar, was assassinated.
Virgil
Poet, Aeneid
Odoacer
Germanic leader, turns on Rome and wipes Romans out
Aristotle
Greek philosopher, asked ?s
Pythagoras
Greek philosopher, Pythagorean theorem
Herodotus
“the histories” accounts of Greco-Persian war
Sophocles
Playwrite, Oedipus.
Greece was dominated by which city following the Persian war?
Athens
What did Greek theater evolve out of?
Religious festivals
What was Alexander’s lasting achievement?
Spread of Greek culture
What was the center of Hellenistic world?
Alexandria, Egypt.
What did conflict between Athens and Sparta result in?
Athens lost its power as a dominating force
Best government according to Aristotle?
Monarchy; single and strong leader
Empire that reaches from Greece to Egypt and India was established by whom?
Alexander The Great
In art and literature the Romans were influence by what culture?
Greek
What did roman legal system contribute to at the time of Roman Empire?
Unity and stability, innocent till guilty
Times attitude towards Jews of Palestine?
Tolerant
What did Jesus proclaim his mission was?
To bring spiritual salvation and eternal life to anyone who would believe him
Pax Romana ended in AD 180 after death of….
Marcus Aurelius
Where did Constantine make center of power for Rome?
Constantinople
Roman republican declined after civil wars fought over…
Who should rule?
What was Rome’s attitude towards people of different religions?
Tolerant as long as they showed loyalty
Who tried to restore order to Romen Empire?
Diocletian & Constantine
Roman Province of Gaul was conquered?
The Franks
what was Charlemagne credited for?
Spreading Christianity, Missi Dominici, blending religions
Life in Middle Ages was improved because Monks & Nuns did what?
Provided basic services like medical help and schooling. Also gave food and lodging.
During Medieval times, why did religious people want to reform church?
Church was corrupt and ignoring their vows
What did new agricultural technologies in Middle Ages lead to?
More food=Population Growth
Most important economic activities in a medieval town
Merchant Guilds
Battle of Tours was significant because…
Charles Martelle stopped Muslims from advancing farther into Europe
Largest part of population in feudal society
Peasants
During Middle Ages, which did church have so much power over people?
Church was offering salvation, everyone wanted it.
Three field system contributed to revolution because it did what?
Restored fertility to soil and added variety to the peasants’ diet
Economic/Political life in towns was dominated by who?
Nobles
Importance of Magna Carta
Gave rights to peasants and rules for Monarchs to follow
What was the Concordat Of Worms?
Treaty that said church had power to elect bishops but emperor had to approve
Germany’s disunity was due to…
Germany’s leader, Fredrick II, spending more time pursuing Italy
Goal of Crusades:
Urban to gain power and to heal schism between Roman and Byzantine church
What does reconquista refer to?
Christian campaign to drive Muslims from Spain
Plague in Europe resulted in what?
1/3 population died, revolts, bad economy, distrust in church
Holy roman emperors and popes were in conflict over…
Replacing priests and monks
Describe Catholic Church
Directed everything, had power over everyone, hella corrupt
What was Joan of Arc remembered for?
Helping France win 100 years war
What culture was Kiev influenced by?
Byzantine
Russian rulers developed what kind of government?
Extreme absolute power, dictatorship.
Capital of Russia under Czars:
Moscow
Ivan range terrible was known for…
Being shitty and driving Mongols out and building Church
During late Middle Ages, what group of people took refuge in Poland?
West Slavs
What were Renaissance artists focused on?
Humanism
Albrecht Dürer known as German Leonarso because of…
They shared wide ranging interests
What did development of printing lead to?
More people learned to read, books were cheaper, religious turmoil
Luther criticized Catholic Church because they did what?
Sold indulgences.
What did Copernicus believe?
Everything revolves around sun. Heliocentric.
What lead to birth of Renaissance in Italy?
Economic Boost
Why did Renaissance occur later in Northern Europe?
It took longer for them to recover from the plague
What were effects of printing revolution?
Higher literacy, cheaper books, religious problems
Luther’s beliefs:
Good deeds not necessary, bible is sole source, priests/hierarchy had no special powes
What was Henry VIII’s reaction to the Pope’s refusal to annul his marriage?
Started his own church and religion
The importance of using experiments and observation in seeking knowledge was stressed by whom?
Bacon
Why did European rulers encourage ocean exploration
To find more trade routes
Who did Portuguese lose control of trade to in the Indian Ocean?
The Dutch/Netherlands
Which European power lead in sending out voyages to explore?
Portugal
What explorer sailed around Africa to India?
Vaska de Gama
First explorer to cross Atlantic
Christopher Columbus
Prince Henry changed Portugal’s history by…
Making it the 1st vast trading empire by exploration.
In what way did Native Americans influence Europe?
CORN
Global exchange of people, plants, technology, and culture was started by who?
Christopher Columbus
What form of government is controlled by powerful elite from business class?
oligarchy
Crusades resulted in:
Religious hatred, economic expansion
Catholic reformation resulted in:
Religious intolerance and wars
What is direct democracy?
People vote for who they want in charge
Why could Sparta be described as totalitarian society?
It was a military state and basically a dictatorship
Hellenistic civilizations were contributed to by what cultures?
Egyptian, Indian, Persian,Greek
Hannibal’s strategy to attack Rome during Punic Ward?
Take long way around, surprise Rome from back.
How did Agustus lay foundation. For a stable government?
Civil service
After fall of Rome, what institution provided unity?
Church
What was true of growth of towns?
Grew quickly and depended on Merchant Guilds
These principles:
Taxation only with representation, right to Trial, die process of the law
were established by what?
Magna Carta
In 1500s religious unity of Europe vanished as Christians were divided. This period was known as…
Reformation
Members of Florence’s royal family, were Artistic Patrons, were who?
Cosimo de Medici
What did Magella’s trip prove?
World is round and everything is connected
What were Europe’s natural resources?
Rich soil, dense forests, minerals
Why was DomesDay Book used?
As census to properly tax people
Humanist interest in what reflected in renaissance art?
Anatomy
Where is Sparta?
Southern Greece
Where is Carthage?
Northern Africa
Where is Aegean Sea?
Between Greece and Turkey
Where renaissance began?
Italy
Where democracy first began?
Athens, Greece
Where common law began?
England
