Midterm Flashcards
California entered the union as a free state, while the new Southwestern territories acquired from Mexico would decide the slavery issue on their own.
Compromise of 1850
Supreme Court ruled that blacks were not citizens and therefore had no rights under the Constitution
Dred Scott Decision
Led to an era (time period) known as “Bleeding Kansas”
Kansas - Nebraska Act
Allowed southerners to hunt for runaway slaves in the north, made it illegal to help slaves escape
Fugitive Slave Act
Drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited (not allowed) above the line and permitted (allowed) slavery below the line, with one exception.
Missouri Compromise
This agreement gave people in these territories the choice whether to allow slavery in their states; led to violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This compromise dealt with many of the territories obtained by the United States following the Mexican War.
Compromise of 1850
Ruled that slaves were property and how no right to trial
Dred Scott Decision
The U.S Supreme Court ruled that this compromise, banning slavery, was unconstitutional
Missouri Compromise
If a slave owner took his slave to a free state, which compromise/decision would protect his property (slave) from claiming their freedom because they are in a free state
Dred Scott Decision
What was the spoils system
Giving federal jobs as payment for loyalty
What is popular soverignty
Allows people to vote for or against slavery
The Great Compromise settled what important issue?
(Equal Representation)
The fair representation of both small and large states
The 3/5 compromise settled what important issue?
(Political Issue)
That 3/5 of a state’s slaves were to be counted as part of the population; if slaves should be counted or not
Identify the 3 branches of gov.
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
Representation in the Senate is based on what?
Fixed; they only have 2
Representation in the House of Representatives is based on what?
The # of people in the state
What are the president’s close advisor’s called?
Cabinet
Can a president serve for 4 terms?
No, they can only be in office for 8 years (2 terms).
What is the maximum number of terms a president can serve?
2
Who elects the president?
The U.S citizens
What is the primary job of the Supreme Court?
To see what bills can be passed as a law.
What is the maximum number of justices that can serve on the Supreme Court?
15
Who has the power to nominate the members to the Supreme Court?
The President
What factor allowed for stability in the New England Colonies?
Puritans, Social Hierarchy
What are the Indian beliefs of religion/politics/economics?
Spiritual relationship with nature, communal cost of land
What did the Mayflower Compact lay the foundation for?
Supply and demand
Describe the theory of Mercantilism
Economic philosophy underlying early European colonial policy.
Describe the Triangular Trade System and what is traded along its routes:
Slaves, Tobacoo, Guns, Cotton, Indigo, trade between Europe, America, and Africa
Describe the religious toleration of the Puritans:
Not open minded
The long-term economic survival of the Jamestown colony depended on -
Tobacco
Regarding land, the First Americans belived
Communal Land
Because the First Americans practiced animism in worshiping mother Earth and other gods of nature, Europeans felt compelled to
Convert them to Christianity
The two main issues that caused disputed between Native Americans and English colonists involved Christianity and
Land ownership
Name three negative impacts of Europeans on Native Americans
Disease, Murder, Taking land
What was the primary economic focus of English colonies in the 1700s?
Religion
Which colonial region is know for great religious toleration?
Middle
Pocahontas and John Smith are historical figures connected with which early North American colony?
Middle
Discuss how African slavery became the norm for labor in the British colonies:
They made them seem lower than them, like animals.
Who participated in Bacon’s Rebellion and what were its casual factors?
Dominated by rich
England focused its colonizing activities on which area?
New England
Discuss the culture of the African slaves in British America:
Common religion, form their own culture, blend
Which colonial region used a plantation economy?
Southern
Which colonial region was founded by those seeking economic opportunity?
Southern
Which colonial region had a social hierarchy based on social standing with the church?
New England
What is meant by Cash Crop? Second, identify the major cash crops of the “new world?”
Crops to make cash and trade (Tobacco, Indigo, Cotton, Sugar)
What were the main cash crops of South Carolina?
Rice, Indigo
Which colonial region was dependent upon a cheap labor source to plant, tend, and harvest crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo?
Southern
Which colonial region sought to establish a perfect Christian society… “a shining city on the hill”?
New England
Shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing where economic activites of which region?
New England
What was the Middle Passage?
Triangular Trade
Describe how indentured servitude worked:
Share crops with land owners and worked to own land pieces.
Which colonial region had close ties to England and worshiped in the Anglican church?
Southern
What was a “cavalier”?
Rich person, landed indentured (land owners)
What movement led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions and laid a social foundation for the American Revolution? Second, how did it impact the development of the American Colonies?
Great Awakening (brought colonies together)
Which colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading which led to the development of seaports and commercial centers?
Middle
Which region saw an influx of immigrants from Germany, England, and the Netherlands?
Middle
Which two denominations increased its membership because of the emotional religious movements of Johnathon Edwards and George Whitefield?
Baptist and Methodist
How were most colonial governors placed in their positions?
Involvement in church
What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
Formed foundation of government.
Which colonial region had a flexible social structure that allowed for the rise of a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs, and small farmers?
Middle
What was the casual factor of the Whiskey Rebellion? Second, what was its significance in U.S history and the strength of our National government?
Placed an excise tax on Whiskey. It was a milestone, showed that it could enforce a law.
Identify the precedents set by Washington as president:
Created Judicial Branch, Federal Court, Supreme Court, Executive Branch
What warnings did Washington identify for the nation in his Farewell Address?
Issues with France
Identify the 4 parts of Hamilton’s Financial Plan
National Banking System, Proposed to pay off foreign debt. Give new bonds to cover old federal gov. assume the debts of the states.
What were the significances of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions and how did they impact the interpretation of the Constitution?
Can declare null & avoid federal laws going beyond powers granted by the constitution to the federal government
What was the Election of 1800 significant?
It was centered around the power of states and federal government. It was also a major debate.
What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase? Who explored the land?
It was more than doubled the size of the U.S.
Lewis and Clark
Why was Jefferson torn in whether or not to purchase the Louisiana territory?
He didn’t think the constitution allowed for people to receive more land.
What were the two dominant political parties at the beginning of the new government? What were their specific beliefs?
Democratic
Republican - Favored a more informal style, similar to France
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
Impressments of American Sailor, British arming of Native Americans. US passes an embargo of British goods, Chesapeake Affair War Hawks
Define Impressment:
Practice of seizing Americans and “impressing” or drafting them into the British army
What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on American history? Second, who was the hero of the battle?
It showed that we were getting better.
Andrew Jackson
What was the effect of the War of 1812 on American history?
We were gaining back our land and we didn’t have to worry about Britain anymore.
What Supreme Court Justice had the greatest impact on the power of the court? Second, how did his decisions impact the nation government?
John Marshall, the decisions he mad strengthened the government very much.
What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison?
It was of the most important Supreme Court decisions of all time.
Define Tariff:
Tax on imports
Before the 19th century, where did most manufacturing occur and where did it occur during the Industrial Revolution?
Before : American households and Artisans’ workshops
During : Factories
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and what was used to power it?
New England, Shipping and foreign trade for income
After the Revolution, what goods did Americans export the most?
Grains & Tobacco
What brought an end to America’s international trade?
Act of 1807 & War of 1812
What was Samuel Slater’s contribution to American industry?
In Pawtucket, Rhode Island the 1st textile factory
What was built in Lowell, MA and what happened to the town?
A weaving factory, the town became a booming manufacturing center.
How was farming different in the North than in the South, and what effect did this have on slavery?
Cash crops didn’t grow well in the North however Southerners got huge profit.
What effect did this have on slavery?
Little slavery was needed anymore.
1803 - The doctorine of judicial review set forth in Marbury v. Madison
Jefferson
1819 - The doctorine is implied powers set forth in McCulloch v. Maryland
Monroe
