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VA/US History > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

California entered the union as a free state, while the new Southwestern territories acquired from Mexico would decide the slavery issue on their own.

A

Compromise of 1850

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2
Q

Supreme Court ruled that blacks were not citizens and therefore had no rights under the Constitution

A

Dred Scott Decision

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3
Q

Led to an era (time period) known as “Bleeding Kansas”

A

Kansas - Nebraska Act

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4
Q

Allowed southerners to hunt for runaway slaves in the north, made it illegal to help slaves escape

A

Fugitive Slave Act

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5
Q

Drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited (not allowed) above the line and permitted (allowed) slavery below the line, with one exception.

A

Missouri Compromise

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6
Q

This agreement gave people in these territories the choice whether to allow slavery in their states; led to violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters

A

Kansas-Nebraska Act

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7
Q

This compromise dealt with many of the territories obtained by the United States following the Mexican War.

A

Compromise of 1850

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8
Q

Ruled that slaves were property and how no right to trial

A

Dred Scott Decision

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9
Q

The U.S Supreme Court ruled that this compromise, banning slavery, was unconstitutional

A

Missouri Compromise

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10
Q

If a slave owner took his slave to a free state, which compromise/decision would protect his property (slave) from claiming their freedom because they are in a free state

A

Dred Scott Decision

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11
Q

What was the spoils system

A

Giving federal jobs as payment for loyalty

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12
Q

What is popular soverignty

A

Allows people to vote for or against slavery

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13
Q

The Great Compromise settled what important issue?

A

(Equal Representation)

The fair representation of both small and large states

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14
Q

The 3/5 compromise settled what important issue?

A

(Political Issue)

That 3/5 of a state’s slaves were to be counted as part of the population; if slaves should be counted or not

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15
Q

Identify the 3 branches of gov.

A

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial

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16
Q

Representation in the Senate is based on what?

A

Fixed; they only have 2

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17
Q

Representation in the House of Representatives is based on what?

A

The # of people in the state

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18
Q

What are the president’s close advisor’s called?

A

Cabinet

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19
Q

Can a president serve for 4 terms?

A

No, they can only be in office for 8 years (2 terms).

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20
Q

What is the maximum number of terms a president can serve?

A

2

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21
Q

Who elects the president?

A

The U.S citizens

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22
Q

What is the primary job of the Supreme Court?

A

To see what bills can be passed as a law.

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23
Q

What is the maximum number of justices that can serve on the Supreme Court?

A

15

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24
Q

Who has the power to nominate the members to the Supreme Court?

A

The President

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25
Q

What factor allowed for stability in the New England Colonies?

A

Puritans, Social Hierarchy

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26
Q

What are the Indian beliefs of religion/politics/economics?

A

Spiritual relationship with nature, communal cost of land

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27
Q

What did the Mayflower Compact lay the foundation for?

A

Supply and demand

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28
Q

Describe the theory of Mercantilism

A

Economic philosophy underlying early European colonial policy.

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29
Q

Describe the Triangular Trade System and what is traded along its routes:

A

Slaves, Tobacoo, Guns, Cotton, Indigo, trade between Europe, America, and Africa

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30
Q

Describe the religious toleration of the Puritans:

A

Not open minded

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31
Q

The long-term economic survival of the Jamestown colony depended on -

A

Tobacco

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32
Q

Regarding land, the First Americans belived

A

Communal Land

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33
Q

Because the First Americans practiced animism in worshiping mother Earth and other gods of nature, Europeans felt compelled to

A

Convert them to Christianity

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34
Q

The two main issues that caused disputed between Native Americans and English colonists involved Christianity and

A

Land ownership

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35
Q

Name three negative impacts of Europeans on Native Americans

A

Disease, Murder, Taking land

36
Q

What was the primary economic focus of English colonies in the 1700s?

A

Religion

37
Q

Which colonial region is know for great religious toleration?

A

Middle

38
Q

Pocahontas and John Smith are historical figures connected with which early North American colony?

A

Middle

39
Q

Discuss how African slavery became the norm for labor in the British colonies:

A

They made them seem lower than them, like animals.

40
Q

Who participated in Bacon’s Rebellion and what were its casual factors?

A

Dominated by rich

41
Q

England focused its colonizing activities on which area?

A

New England

42
Q

Discuss the culture of the African slaves in British America:

A

Common religion, form their own culture, blend

43
Q

Which colonial region used a plantation economy?

A

Southern

44
Q

Which colonial region was founded by those seeking economic opportunity?

A

Southern

45
Q

Which colonial region had a social hierarchy based on social standing with the church?

A

New England

46
Q

What is meant by Cash Crop? Second, identify the major cash crops of the “new world?”

A

Crops to make cash and trade (Tobacco, Indigo, Cotton, Sugar)

47
Q

What were the main cash crops of South Carolina?

A

Rice, Indigo

48
Q

Which colonial region was dependent upon a cheap labor source to plant, tend, and harvest crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo?

A

Southern

49
Q

Which colonial region sought to establish a perfect Christian society… “a shining city on the hill”?

A

New England

50
Q

Shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing where economic activites of which region?

A

New England

51
Q

What was the Middle Passage?

A

Triangular Trade

52
Q

Describe how indentured servitude worked:

A

Share crops with land owners and worked to own land pieces.

53
Q

Which colonial region had close ties to England and worshiped in the Anglican church?

A

Southern

54
Q

What was a “cavalier”?

A

Rich person, landed indentured (land owners)

55
Q

What movement led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions and laid a social foundation for the American Revolution? Second, how did it impact the development of the American Colonies?

A

Great Awakening (brought colonies together)

56
Q

Which colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading which led to the development of seaports and commercial centers?

A

Middle

57
Q

Which region saw an influx of immigrants from Germany, England, and the Netherlands?

A

Middle

58
Q

Which two denominations increased its membership because of the emotional religious movements of Johnathon Edwards and George Whitefield?

A

Baptist and Methodist

59
Q

How were most colonial governors placed in their positions?

A

Involvement in church

60
Q

What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?

A

Formed foundation of government.

61
Q

Which colonial region had a flexible social structure that allowed for the rise of a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs, and small farmers?

A

Middle

62
Q

What was the casual factor of the Whiskey Rebellion? Second, what was its significance in U.S history and the strength of our National government?

A

Placed an excise tax on Whiskey. It was a milestone, showed that it could enforce a law.

63
Q

Identify the precedents set by Washington as president:

A

Created Judicial Branch, Federal Court, Supreme Court, Executive Branch

64
Q

What warnings did Washington identify for the nation in his Farewell Address?

A

Issues with France

65
Q

Identify the 4 parts of Hamilton’s Financial Plan

A

National Banking System, Proposed to pay off foreign debt. Give new bonds to cover old federal gov. assume the debts of the states.

66
Q

What were the significances of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions and how did they impact the interpretation of the Constitution?

A

Can declare null & avoid federal laws going beyond powers granted by the constitution to the federal government

67
Q

What was the Election of 1800 significant?

A

It was centered around the power of states and federal government. It was also a major debate.

68
Q

What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase? Who explored the land?

A

It was more than doubled the size of the U.S.

Lewis and Clark

69
Q

Why was Jefferson torn in whether or not to purchase the Louisiana territory?

A

He didn’t think the constitution allowed for people to receive more land.

70
Q

What were the two dominant political parties at the beginning of the new government? What were their specific beliefs?

A

Democratic

Republican - Favored a more informal style, similar to France

71
Q

What were the causes of the War of 1812?

A

Impressments of American Sailor, British arming of Native Americans. US passes an embargo of British goods, Chesapeake Affair War Hawks

72
Q

Define Impressment:

A

Practice of seizing Americans and “impressing” or drafting them into the British army

73
Q

What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on American history? Second, who was the hero of the battle?

A

It showed that we were getting better.

Andrew Jackson

74
Q

What was the effect of the War of 1812 on American history?

A

We were gaining back our land and we didn’t have to worry about Britain anymore.

75
Q

What Supreme Court Justice had the greatest impact on the power of the court? Second, how did his decisions impact the nation government?

A

John Marshall, the decisions he mad strengthened the government very much.

76
Q

What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

A

It was of the most important Supreme Court decisions of all time.

77
Q

Define Tariff:

A

Tax on imports

78
Q

Before the 19th century, where did most manufacturing occur and where did it occur during the Industrial Revolution?

A

Before : American households and Artisans’ workshops

During : Factories

79
Q

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and what was used to power it?

A

New England, Shipping and foreign trade for income

80
Q

After the Revolution, what goods did Americans export the most?

A

Grains & Tobacco

81
Q

What brought an end to America’s international trade?

A

Act of 1807 & War of 1812

82
Q

What was Samuel Slater’s contribution to American industry?

A

In Pawtucket, Rhode Island the 1st textile factory

83
Q

What was built in Lowell, MA and what happened to the town?

A

A weaving factory, the town became a booming manufacturing center.

84
Q

How was farming different in the North than in the South, and what effect did this have on slavery?

A

Cash crops didn’t grow well in the North however Southerners got huge profit.

85
Q

What effect did this have on slavery?

A

Little slavery was needed anymore.

86
Q

1803 - The doctorine of judicial review set forth in Marbury v. Madison

A

Jefferson

87
Q

1819 - The doctorine is implied powers set forth in McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Monroe

VA/US History (4 decks)

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