Midterm 3

Question 1

Lamarck versus Darwin

Answer 1

mutations
        v
Adaptation
Natural Selection
        v
Evolution

The challenge selects a pre-existing genotype (Darwinism)

The challenge causes a change in genotype (Lamarckism)

Question 2

Lamarck

Answer 2

Said that the Giraffe has a long neck because there is no food on the bottom leaves of the tree, and I need to stretch my neck to get higher in the tree, and if i could stretch my neck with time I will be able to have a longer neck to reach higher leaves on the tree, then my kids will have a longer neck, and then so on.

Driven by the needs of the species to survive. Environment.

Question 3

Darwinism

Answer 3

Selects directly to the environment. Selects an already made genotype

Question 4

Founder of Modern Taxonomy

Answer 4

Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Systema naturae in 1735

Question 5

The taxonomy rank

Answer 5

Domain
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 6

Analyzing homology

Answer 6

Prokaryotic Species:
>70% DNA sequence homology
>94% gene sequence homology

Small subunit of ribosomal RNA of E.coli:
ds regions evolve slower than ss regions

Phylogeny:
Divergence of related organisms, through random mutations, natural selection and reductive evolution

PAGE 11 Lecture 12

Question 7

Comparison of the main typical properties of three domains of life

Answer 7

Scientists just beginning to understand vast diversity of microbial life

Only ~6000 of estimated million species of prokaryotes described
- 950 genera

Vast majority have not been isolated

New molecular techniques aiding in discovery and characterization