Midterm 3 Flashcards
what are the 3 sources of caffeine?
- tea
- coffee
- chocolate/ cocoa
what is the scientific name of tea?
camellia sinesis
what is the scientific name for coffee?
coffea arabica
what is the scientific name for chocolate/ cocoa?
Theobroma cocoa
origin of tea?
southeast asia
origin of coffee?
northeast africa
origin of cocoa?
central and south america
what was caffeine first isolated from and when?
1820 from coffee
what are the effects of caffeine and other xanthines?
- increase arousal, alterness, and wakefulness
- increase heart rate
- increase blood pressure
- bronchial dilation
- increased kidney output (diuretic)
- increased metabolic rate
how are the effects of caffeine and other xanthines activated?
dose dependent and there is individual variability and tolerance
what happens with less than 500mg?
increased arousal
more than 500mg?
anxiety, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, arrhythmia
more than 10g?
tachycardia, arrhythmia, heart attack, stroke, seizure, lethal dose range in humans
what does increased kidney output lead to?
dehydration
what is the lethal dose of caffeine?
10mg
what is tachycardia?
rapid heart rate
what is arrythmia?
irregular heart rate
what are the withdrawal symptoms of caffeine?
headache
fatigue
irritability
what neurotransmitter does caffeine affect?
adenosine
what does adenosine do?
inhibitory effects in the brain
what sort of affects does adenosine have in the cardiovascular system?
vasodilation ( opens up the blood vessels)
caffeine and other xanthines are..
adenosine receptor antagonists
what leaves is tea made of?
Camellia sinensis
where is tea native to?
Southeast Asia and China