Midterm 3 Flashcards
What are the 4 tissue types?
-connective tissue
-nervous tissue
-muscle tissue
-epithelial tissue
How is the connective tissue described?
-cells arranged in a liquid, jelly-like or solid matrix
-can be found in bones, cartilage, ligaments, blood
-each CT secretes distinct ECM
How is the nervous tissue described?
-neurons & supporting cells
-helps respond to environment
How is the muscle tissue described?
-three types of muscle tissues: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, & smooth muscle
-body movement
-pumping blood
-movement of food & vessel size
How is the epithelial tissue described?
-covers outside of the body, lines inner surface of organs & forms glands
-often act as a barriers or protective layers
-apical = faces outwards
-basolatoral = faces inward & connected to ECM of basal lamina
What is homeostasis?
-the stability in the chemical & physical conditions within an organism’s cells, tissues & organs
What are the 4 ways of exchanging heat?
-conduction, convention, radiation, & evaporation
What is conduction?
direct transfer of heat between 2 physical bodies
What is convention?
heat exchanged between a solid & a moving liquid or gas
What is radiation?
the transfer of heat between 2 bodies that are not in direct physical contact
What is evaporation?
phase change that occurs when a liquid becomes a gas
What is the difference between endothermy vs exothermy?
-endotherms produce adequate heat to warm its tissues (warm blooded; humans, need to eat more)
-exotherms rely on heat gained from their environments (cold blooded; reptiles, doesn’t need to eat as much)
What is the homeostatic system & what is the order?
-order: sensor -> integrator -> effector
-sensor: structure that senses some aspect of the external or internal environment
-integrator: evaluates the incoming sensory information by comparing it to the set point & determines whether a response is necessary to achieve homeostasis
-effector: any structure that helps restore the internal condition being monitored by the system
-negative feedback: occurs when effectors reduce or oppose the change in internal conditions
-summary example: external stimuli (heat or cold); sensors: record the temperature-> integrator: is body temp below or above set point? -> effector: shivers -> negative feedback: stops shivering when warm enough
What are the main functions of the kidney?
-regulates water
-regulates the amount of ions (electrolytes)
-filters the blood by taking out toxic waste
How does ADH regulate the amount of water in the urine?
-it reabsorbs water in collecting duct & increases water in blood
-occurs when we are dehydrated so when it’s released it up regulates aquaporins therefore water can come out easily