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Physiotherapy 1 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is charge?

A

The excess or deficiency of elctrons or ions.

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2
Q

What is a negative charge?

A

A neutral substance that gains electrons.

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3
Q

What is polarity?

A

The property of 2 opposite charged poles. Free electrons flow from excess electrons to an area of deficiency of electrons.

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4
Q

What is cathode and anode?

A

Cathode- the negative pole. Anode - is the positive pole.

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5
Q

What is current?

A

The flow of charged particles past a specific point in a specified direction.

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of currents and what are they each aka?

A

Direct current aka DC aka monophasic. Alternating current aka AC aka biphasic.

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7
Q

What is DC and AC like?

A

DC- current flows between positive and negative poles in one direction only. AC- Current periodically changes its direction of flow between a positive and negative pole.

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8
Q

What is pulsed current?

A

A non-continuous, interrputed, or periodic flow of DC or AC. DC- Pulse. AC- cycle.

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9
Q

What is frequency?

A

The rate or number of cycles per second or pulses per second.

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10
Q

What is intensity?

A

the strength of the current.

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11
Q

What is milliamp?

A

One thousdanth of an amp. Amp- a unit of current or the number of electrons flowing per second.

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12
Q

What is a microamp?

A

One one-millionth of an ampere.

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13
Q

What is volt?

A

The unit of electromotive force. What drives the Amps (electrons) along a conductor.

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14
Q

What is resistance?

A

A property of a conductor that characterizes its opposition to the movement of charged particles.

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15
Q

What is an OHM?

A

A unit of resistance. One ohm allows 1 ampere to flow under an electrical potential difference of one volt.

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16
Q

What is Coulomb’s law?

A

Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

17
Q

What is Joule’s law?

A

Electrical currents cause a rise in temperature due to conversion of electrical energy into heat.

18
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

The flow of a current is directly proportional to the electromotive force (voltage) of the generator and inversely proportional to the resistance in the curcuit. SO take 1 volt to push 1 ampere through 1 ohm or V= IxR where I=amperage.

19
Q

What are the modes of electrotherapy delivery?

A
  1. Continuous. 2. Pulsed.
20
Q

What are the type of phases of electrotherapy?

A

Monophasic, biphasic, polyphasic.

21
Q

What is pulse duration?

A

The width of the pulse or the length of time from beginning to end of all phases within a pulse or cycle.

22
Q

What are the 2 type of pulse durations and what will they effect more?

A

Wide-motor. Narrow- sensory.

23
Q

What is phase rise time?

A

The time elapsed from point when phase leaves zero baseline to when it reaches peak amplitude.

24
Q

What are the different types of phase rise times and what will they effect?

A

fast- causes nerve depolarization and reduce nerve accomodation. Slow- Causes nerve accomodation and no action potential.

25
Q

What is the height of the pulse or the magnitude of a charge?

A

Amplitude.

26
Q

What is peak amplitude?

A

the maximum current amplitude of one or more phases from zero baseline to peak.

27
Q

What is current modulation?

A

Changes in the waveform in some manner. There will be current modulations and timing modulations.

28
Q

What are the 3 types of current modulation?

A
  1. Amplitude modulation- ramp or surge. 2. Pulse duration modulation- regularly increasing and decreasing the pulse. 3. Time modulation- change the frequency.
29
Q

What is duty cycle?

A

the ratio of on time to the total on time plus off time expressed as a percentage.

30
Q

What is the formula for duty cycle?

A

on time x 100/ (on time + off time).

31
Q

What is train?

A

a continuous series of several successive pulses, cycles, bursts, or beats delivered over time.

32
Q

What is burst?

A

a successive delivery of a finite series of pulses at a preset amplitude, frequency or duration for a determined period of time.

33
Q

What is burst duration?

A

the time from beginning of the first to the end of the last pulse in a burst.

34
Q

What is beat?

A

The result of intersection and temporal summation of 2 or more sinusoidal waves.

35
Q

What is beat duration?

A

Time from beginning of the first to the end of the last pulse or cycle within a beat.

36
Q

What is the difference between AC and DC?

A

DC- polarity remains either negative or positive. AC- polarity changes with each pulse, results in a zero net charge.

Physiotherapy 1 (3 decks)

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