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Physiotherapy 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for Low Voltage Galvanism

A

Infection, muscle spasm, pain

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2
Q

Physiological effects of LVG?

A

pushes ions of therapeutic substances through the skin, effects vary with the chemical reactions and therapeutic ions.

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3
Q

Calcium?

A

(+) for adhesive capsulitis

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4
Q

Copper?

A

(+) for fungus, rhinitis, antiseptic, astringent

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5
Q

Magnesium?

A

(+) for muscle spasm, NMS pain

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6
Q

Zinc?

A

(+) caustic antiseptic

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7
Q

Water?

A

(+/-) hyperhidrosis

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8
Q

Iodine?

A

(-) scar tissue, frozen shoulder, antiseptic, analgesic

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9
Q

Salicylate?

A

(-) analgesic, decongestive

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10
Q

Acetic acid?

A

(-) to dissolve calcium deposits

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11
Q

What is the settings for LVG?

A

40mA *min, initial duration 3-4 minutes, slowly work up to 10-20 minutes

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12
Q

What goes on the active pad in LVG?

A

same polarity as medicinal substance

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13
Q

describe the dispersive pad in LVG

A

twice as big and 4-6 inches proximal of active pad

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14
Q

What is the max dosage for LVG?

A

1mS/sq.in. of active pad (milliamp rule)

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15
Q

What are the indications for High Voltage pulsed current ?

A

Spasm, pain, edema, tissue repair, muscle reeducation

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16
Q

What is the physiological effect of HVPC?

A

dermal wound healing, edema reduction, reduce muscle spasm, pain relief, muscle re-education, increase muscle blood flow

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17
Q

What is the procedure for HVPC?

A

Bipolar method OR older machines may use 1-4 active pads with 1 dispersive

negligible polar effects due to very amperage (0.5-2mA)

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18
Q

What is the duration for HVPC?

A

15-20 min

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19
Q

What are the rules for chronic pain (opiate) with HVPC?

A

continuous
5pps
motor
pads on either side of painful tissue

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20
Q

What are the rules for acute pain (gate) with HVPC?

A

continuous
80-150pps
sensory
pads on either side of painful tissue

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21
Q

What are the rules for chronic muscle hypertonicity (Fatigue)?

A

continuous
80-150pps
motor
pads on motor points of affected muscle

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22
Q

What are the rules for acute edema (fluid shift) with HVPC?

A

continuous
80-150pps
sensory
pads on affected area

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23
Q

What are the rules for chronic edema (muscle pumping) with HVPC?

A

continuous 5pps
surge 10:10 on:off
motor
pads on affected area

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24
Q

What are the rules for tissue healing with HVPC?

A 
continuous
80-150pps
sensory,
polarity  (+/-)
pads on affected area
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25
Q

What are the indications for Low voltage alternating current (biphasic)?

A

spasm, pain, swelling, weakness

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26
Q

what is the physiological effect of LVAC?

A

increased blood supply, cell metabolism, lymphatic circulation for tissue healing, reduces edema & muscle hypertonicity via muscle contraction, pain relief via gate control and muscle fatigue

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27
Q

Describe the procedure for ONE CHANNEL LVAC

A

apply one pad to motor point of muscle, other pad to distal muscle belly or over nerve root innervation of muscle, pads are equal size

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28
Q

What is the duration of LVAC?

A

10-20 minutes

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29
Q

What are the settings for chronic muscle hypertonicity with LVAC

A

continuous
80-150pps
motor
pulse duration 200us

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30
Q

What are the settings for swelling with LVAC?

A

surge (10:10 on:off 3X/min)
40-60pps
mild-mod motor

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31
Q

What are the settings for muscle strengthening with LVAC?

A

surge
50pps
motor

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32
Q

What is the microcurrent rule of 3’s?

A

0.3, 3, 30

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33
Q

What are the indications for microcurrent?

A

tissue healing, pain, edema

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34
Q

What are the contraindications for microcurrent?

A

pacemaker, carotid sinus, heart, pregnancy

35
Q

What are the physiological effects or microcurrent?

A

wound healing, cell wall permeability changes, increased ATP production and synthesis, increased fibroblastic activity, pain relief, tissue healing

36
Q

What is the standard procedure for microcurrent?

A

always 50uA, pads on either side of injury, machine beeps when contrast is made, up to 6 hours at home care

37
Q

What are the settings for tissue healing for microcurrent?

A 
50ua
0.3pps
biphasic
20min-6hrs with pads
15-30sec with probe
38
Q

what are the setting for pain relief with microcurrent?

A 
50uA
3pps
monophasic
20min-6hrs with pads
15-30secs with probes
39
Q

What are the settings for edema with microcurrent?

A 
50uA
30pps
biphasic
20min-6hrs with pads
15-30sec with probe
40
Q

What are the indications for TENS unit?

A

pain (acute or chronic), trigger points

41
Q

what are some contras for TENS?

A

pacemaker, over carotid sinus, heart, pregnancy

42
Q

What is the physiological effect of TENS?

A

pain reduction via triggering the neurohormonal, neuro-physiological and cognitive systems involving the CNS and PNS

43
Q

What is the duration of TENS?

A

23hrs/day

44
Q

What are the settings for conventional (acute) pain?

A

85pps
75us
sensory level
2 channels -> 4 pads

45
Q

What is the pad placement for TENS with conventional pain?

A

a) parallel to lesion OR b) cross over the lesion (like and X)

46
Q

What are the settings for low frequency (deep chronic pain) with TENS?

A

5pps
200us
mild motor
2 channels -> 4 pads

47
Q

What is the pad placement with TENS for low frequency (chronic)?

A

over acupuncture points

48
Q

What are the indications for Interferential Current?

A

swelling, pain, spasm, weakness

49
Q

What are the contras for IFC (besides main list)?

A

nearby diathermy machine (15-20ft), nearby radios

50
Q

What are the physiological effects of IFC?

A

depolarizes sensory and motor nerves leading to pain reduction muscle stimulation, blood flow/edema management

51
Q

What are the settings for Quadpolar (acute pain,deeper) with IFC?

A

2 channels -> 4 electrodes (criss cross pattern)
80-150pps
sensory
use vector scan for large area, use sweep to reduce nerve accommodation
15-20 min

52
Q

What are the settings for Bipolar (acute edema, supf)

A

1 channel, 2 electrodes (placed on either end of injury
80-150pps
sensory
15-20 min

53
Q

What are the indications for Russian current?

A

muscle weakness, muscle spasm, muscle atrophy

54
Q

What are the contraindications for Russian (besides the main list)?

A

when muscle contraction is not desired (fracture, bone cysts, dislocation, osteoporosis)

55
Q

What is the phys effect of Russian current?

A

depolarizes sensory and motor fibers to evoke tetanic muscle contraction, stimulates deeper motor nerve fibers, recruits fast-twitch motor units

56
Q

What is the procedure for Russian current?

A

One or two channels

57
Q

What is the intensity for Russian?

A

strong motor

58
Q

What is the frequency for Russian?

A

50bups

59
Q

What is the duty cycle for Russian?

A

10 sec on, 50 sec off

60
Q

What are the ramp times for Russian?

A

strength or early rehab 1-2s,

power or later rehab 0.5-1s

61
Q

What are the cycles for Russian?

A

25 (so 25 minutes), repeat 5x/week at night, then 2 days rest for 4-5 weeks

62
Q

What are the general contraindications for all Electrotherapies?

A

pacemaker, over carotid sinus, simultaneous use of different frequency, through the heart, circulatory impairment, mental impairment, through the brain, hemorrhage, infection, malignancy

63
Q

What are the indications for ultrasound?

A

contracture, spasm, pain, bursitis, tendonitis

64
Q

What are the Contras for US?

A

through heart, brain, eye, plastic implants, malignancy, infection

65
Q

What are the phys effects of US?

A

increase cell metabolism, ATP production, membrane permeability

66
Q

What is the standard procedure for US?

A

frequency based on depth of penetration desired (1MHz=5cm, 3MHz=2cm)
treatment area should be 2-3 times the size of the sound head
keep sound head parallel to the skin surface and move constantly

67
Q

What are the settings for Acute with US?

A

05W/sq cm for 5 min

68
Q

What are the settings for Chronic with US?

A

1.0W/sq cm for 10 min ***add 0.5W if indirect (water)

69
Q

What are the settings for continuous with US?

A

thermal

70
Q

What are the settings for Pulsed with US?

A

mechanical

71
Q

What are the procedures for phonophoresis?

A

apply therapeutic agent to skin before applying US

72
Q

What are the rules for combination therapy (US)?

A

simultaneous electrotherapy & US, set up electrotherapy 1st.

73
Q

What are the indications for diathermy?

A

muscle spasm, contracture, edema

74
Q

What are the contraindications for diathermy?

A

metal inside or near body, near IFC or Russian current, hemorrhage

75
Q

What are the phys effects of diathermy?

A

increase vasodilation, phagocytosis, metabolism, decrease spasm

76
Q

What is the procedure for diathermy?

A

place the drum directly over the body part, make sure the skin is covered with towels especially sweaty areas (moisture can cause skin burns). Make sure the cables don’t touch each other or the patient

77
Q

What is the duration of diathermy?

A

10-20 minutes

78
Q

What is the dosage for acute (pulsed)diathermy?

A

Athermal

79
Q

What is the dosage for subacute diathermy?

A

barely detectable warmth

80
Q

What is the dosage for softening collagen diathermy?

A

maximum tolerable warmth

81
Q

What are the indications for low level lazer therapy?

A

inflammation, pain. wound healing, RA, capsulitus

82
Q

What are the contras for LLLT?

A

eye exposure, thyroid, pregnancy

83
Q

What are the phys effects of LLLT?

A

ATP production, angiogenesis, increased DNA and RNA synthesis

84
Q

What is the procedure for LLLT?

A

Up to 5cm penetration, increase power for darker skin or more muscle, decrease power for elderly or frail. Most often continuous, 8-12 J/sq cm

Physiotherapy 1 (3 decks)

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