midterm 2 v2

Question 1

Digenean flukes - common traits

Answer 1

usually hermaphrodites (monoecious)
anterior suckers
spined tegument

FW egg –> miracidia –> DP snail –> cercariae –> int 2 –> metacercariae –> trophic into def

Question 2

Diff Digeneans - diffs (exclude schistosoma)

Answer 2

P.westermani - UE egg, crustacean –> diarrhea + fever +eosinophilia –> ELISA + charcot leyden
C. sinensis - UE egg, fish –> blocks bile ducts + metaplasia + inflammation + more cancer –> MRI for blockage
F. hepatica - UE egg, plant, def = humans + livestock –> migrates to bile ducts –> microscopy for fecal eggs

Question 3

Digeneans - Schistosoma

Answer 3

embryonated eggs
inside human –> metacercariae sheds immunogenic tegument + tail
migrate to heart/lungs to feed on RBC
migrate to liver to mature + sex (dioecious)
urine/fecal egg release

egg release is immunogenic –> surrounded by macrophages –> granuloma form –> organ dmg
ELISA/microscopy for eggs

Question 4

diff schistosoma

Answer 4

S mansoni - intestinal eggs , diarrhea
S. haematobium - intestinal eggs, kidney dmg
S. japonicum - urinary eggs, katayama fever

Question 5

S japonicum eradication

Answer 5

replace oxen with horses –> oxen = reservoirs
dam/concrete/drain waterways to destroy snail breeding grounds

Question 6

hymenoptera - biocontrol

Answer 6

use T. planipenisi as biocontrol for Emerald Ash Borere pests
lays eggs –> larvae feed on borer larvae

Question 7

hymenoptera - Cortesia congregate - life cycle

Answer 7

lays eggs inside tobacco hornworm caterpillar –> larvae consume haemolymph
larvae emerge –> cocoons to pupate
mature adult wasps emerge

Question 8

cortesia congregate significance

Answer 8

venom = caterpillar incapacitation for injection w/larvae
mutalistic virus = KO immune syst to protect larvae
upreg aggression = protect larvae
disable feeding = prevent caterpillar consuming cocoons
disable molting = prevent caterpillar from pupating –> retain nutrients for wasp larvae instead

Question 9

order diptera

Answer 9

arthropoda - blood sucking flies

sand flies
mosquitoes
black flies

Question 10

Order Diptera - sand flies

Answer 10

carry leishmania
night feeders
ctrl: day only activities + fans (weak fliers = easily deterred)

Question 11

Order Diptera - mosquitoes

Answer 11

carry plasmodium + various diseases
elongated mouth parts for blood sucking
larvae in stagnating waters –> surfactants + agitation to disrupt breeding grounds (or destroy them eg tipping containers)

Question 12

Order Diptera - blackflies

Answer 12

aquatic larvae –> diff to control because they are EVERYWHERE
day feeders
bites cause itchy pustules