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POLS 207 > Midterm 2 Terms Review > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Terms Review Flashcards

1
Q

How do most people participate in the political system?

A
  • Voting
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2
Q

What is a rational voter?

A
  • Votes on decisions based on their own preferences, beliefs, and interests.
  • Logical Voter, not a rash one
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3
Q

Who votes and who does not?

A

CAN:
- 18 year old Citizens of the US
- Registered to Vote

CAN’T
- Non-Citizens
- Felons
- Minors

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4
Q

Why do some states have higher voter turnout?

A
  • Demographics
  • Cultures, like Moralistic who tend to vote more
  • Competitive Races
  • Political Mobilization
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5
Q

How could voter turnout be increased?

A
  • Voter Registration Feform
  • Education Reform
  • Expand Voting Access
  • Outreach and Mobilization
  • Youth Engagement
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6
Q

Who or what determines voter qualifications?

A
  • Both Federal and State Laws
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7
Q

15th Amendment

A
  • Outlaws denial of voting based on race, color, or condition of servitude
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8
Q

19th Amendment

A
  • Prohibits the denial of voting rights based on sex
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9
Q

23rd Amendment

A
  • District of Columbia, U.S. Capital, can vote
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10
Q

24th Amendment

A
  • Prohibits poll taxes or other taxes on federal elections
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11
Q

26th Amendment

A
  • Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
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12
Q

Responsible Party Model

A
  • Deals adherence to the party platform
  • Elected as Republican, you are a republican
  • If your policies fail, you would leave office and resign
  • Not in the US, no way to enforce adherence to the party platform
  • IN THE US WE USE THE CANDIDATE CENTERED MODEL

Clear Policy Differences
- Party Units
- Party Accountability
- Strong Bonds
- Party Centered Elections

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13
Q

Open Primary

A
  • Vote in either party regardless of party affiliation
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14
Q

Closed Primary

A
  • Only vote for their party representatives
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15
Q

Semi-Closed

A
  • Closed Primary, but Independent Voters can vote in that election as well
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16
Q

Blanket Primary

A
  • Top 2 candidates, regardless of party affiliation, advance to the general election
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17
Q

General Election

A
  • Occur every few years
  • Elect Representatives to legislative bodies
18
Q

Presidential Election

A
  • Vote for the President
19
Q

Primary Elections

A
  • Held by political parties to elect their candidates for the general election
20
Q

By-elections or Special Elections

A
  • Occur during the normal term time in case of resignation, death, or expulsion
21
Q

Referendums and Initiatives

A
  • Referendums are direct vote which the legislation is asked to vote for
  • Initiatives is a citizen’s introduction for a vote onto the ballot
22
Q

Run-Off

A
  • No candidate in the primary or general receives the majority
  • Second round of voting
23
Q

National Party Committees do?

A
  • Promote Party Platform
  • Organize and coordinate national conventions
  • Fundraise and outreach
  • Support
24
Q

When is a negative campaigning successful?

A
  • When the negative attacks are accurate and substantiated
  • When the opponents weakness is highlighted
  • Voters Confused
  • Competitive, limited Knowledges, Timed
25
Q

Baker v. Carr

A
  • 1962
  • Violated 14th Amendment
  • Voting Districts are now roughly equal in population for fair representation
26
Q

Reynolds v Sims

A
  • 1964
  • One Person, One Vote
  • Rural Counties had more representation than urban ones.
  • Violated Equal Protection Clause 14th Amendment
  • Alabama
  • Voting District are to be re-drawn to adjust for changes in time
27
Q

Functions of Legislatures

A
  • Law Making
  • Representation
  • Oversight and Accountability
  • Budgetary Authority
  • Conflict Resoltuion
28
Q

Why do incumbents win?

A
  • People already in office
  • Name Recognition, Media coverage
  • Campaign Resources
  • Service, Party Support
  • Experience
29
Q

What is apportionment?

A
  • Allocating seats based on population
  • House of Representatives
30
Q

What is gerrymandering?

A
  • Re-Drawing electoral district in favor of one political party
30
Q

Regular Session

A
  • Schedules, Pre-determines
  • Proposed Legislation, Bugdets, Oversign
30
Q

Opening and Closing

A
  • Opening or closing ceremony
30
Q

Special Sessions

A
  • Address emergencies that arise
30
Q

Committee Work

A
  • Only committees meet
31
Q

Floor Debates and Voting

A
  • Argue and debate on proposed bills and then voting upon them
32
Q

What do committees do?

A
  • Legislative Review
  • Policy Development
  • Oversign and Investigation
  • Budget and Services
  • Confirmations of Hearings
  • Reporting
33
Q

Who determines the membership of legislative committees?

A
  • House: Speaker of the House
  • Senate: Lieutenant Governor
34
Q

What is Pigeonholing?

A
  • Intentionally delaying or avoiding action
  • Bill is not rejected or Passed
35
Q

Requirements for Election to Texas State Legislature

A
  • 21 House of Representatives
  • 26 senate
  • State Resident 2 years, district resident for 1 year
  • US Citizen and Registered to Vote
  • Not a Felony
  • Ballot Access
36
Q

How is Legislative Leadership Chosen?

A
  • Speaker of the House chosen by a caucus/election
  • Majority Leader and Minority Leader by party caucuses
37
Q

How long is the legislative session in Texas?

A
  • Every 2 years, max of 140 days
  • Odd numbered years
38
Q

Principle Agent Model

A
  • Legislature, cannot implement laws, only pass
  • Require an agent, that being the executive branch, Governor

POLS 207 (2 decks)

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