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POLS 207 > Midterm 1 Terms Review > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Terms Review Flashcards

1
Q

Federal/National Government

A
  • National Defense
  • Foreign Affairs
  • Immigration
  • Currency
  • National Infastructure
  • Government Programs
  • Environmental Protection
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2
Q

State/Provincial Government

A
  • Education
  • Criminal Law and Justice
  • Commerce
  • State Level Taxes
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3
Q

Local/Municipal Government

A
  • Local Law Enforcement
  • Emergency Services
  • Public Transportation
  • Load Maintenance
  • Waste Management
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4
Q

Policy Conservatism

A
  • Maintain Existing Policy
  • Tradition, Stability, gradualism
  • Limited Government
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5
Q

Policy Liberalism

A
  • Individual Freedom
  • Government intervention to address issues
  • Reforms
  • Social Services
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6
Q

National Revenue

A
  • Federal Income Tax
  • Social Insurance Taxes
  • Excuse Taxes
  • Corporate Taxes
  • Fees
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7
Q

State Revenue

A
  • Federal Funding
  • Income Tax
  • Sales Tax
  • Corporate Taxes
  • Gambling
  • Fees
  • Investment
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8
Q

Local Revenue

A
  • Property Taxes
  • Local Sales Tax
  • Fees and charges
  • Property Development Fees
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9
Q

Federalism

A
  • Power is shared between the national and state government
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10
Q

Unitary

A
  • Power is centralized in the national government only
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11
Q

Confederation

A
  • States coming together while keeping their own power and sovereignty
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12
Q

Laboratories of Democracy

A
  • States are testing grounds for Policy experimentation, lab rats
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13
Q

Nullification

A
  • States attempting to not follow a federal law/policy
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14
Q

Enumerated/Delegated Powers

A
  • Specific powers granted by the Constitution
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15
Q

Implied Powers

A
  • From the Elastic Clause, Necessary and Proper Clause
  • Allow the government to adapt to changing circumstances
  • Judicial Review
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16
Q

10th Amendment

A
  • Powers not delegated to the national government fall on the states
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17
Q

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

A
  • Established Judicial Review
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18
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A
  • Implied Powers
  • Supremacy Clause
  • Ability for Congress to charter a Bank
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19
Q

Federal Grants-in-aid

A
  • Financial assistance provided by the federal government
  • Categorical Grants: specific purpose/program
  • Block grants: Less Oversight, free money
  • Formula grants: Need/Demand Based
  • Project Grants: Competitive
  • Matching grants: Match funding, receive 5, use 5 of your own
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20
Q

Mandates

A
  • National government ordering states to implement policy/programs
  • Unfunded: States Expense
  • Funded: Federal Financial Assitance
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21
Q

Preemption

A
  • Higher level of government overrides smaller government
  • Supremacy Clause
22
Q

State Constitutions Organization

A
  • Preamble: Founding Principles
  • Bill of Rights: Rights and Liberties
  • Structure/Branches of Government
  • Local Government
  • Taxation
  • Amendment Process
  • Provisions
23
Q

Constitutionalism

A
  • Law of the Land
  • Limited Government
  • Protecting of Rights and Liberties
  • Democratic Governance
24
Q

Length of State Constitutions

A
  • Some states lack a certain clause that gives them implied powers
  • This requires that they make an amendment for every power they wish to have
  • Amending a new amendment is often easier than replacing/removing an old one
25
Q

Power of Local Governments

A
  • Derive their power from state governments
26
Q

State Amending Constitution

A
  • Proposal
  • Legislative Approval
  • Referendum: ballot
  • Approval by Voters
  • Publication
27
Q

Counties Functions

A
  • Courts, Jails, Law Enforcement
  • Public Health, Social Services
  • Roads and Transportation
  • Land Use
  • Property Assessment
  • Emergency Management
28
Q

Cities Functions

A
  • Local Government Administration
  • Public Safety
  • Utilities and INfastruscture
  • Planning and Development
  • Community Services
29
Q

Special Districts

A
  • Provide specific services
  • School Districts: Education
  • Water/Sewage
  • Park/Recreation
30
Q

Elections

A
  • At-Large: Representatives for entire jurisdictions
  • Single-Member: Small area, used for large jurisdictions
  • General: President
  • Primary: Party Candidates
  • Special: Suddent Vacancy
  • Runoff
  • Referendums and Initiatives: voters directly participate
  • Recall: Recall an elected official before term is over
31
Q

Moralistic

A
  • Government Assistance
  • Mass Participation
  • Smaller Towns
  • Government Good, help man be good/civil society
32
Q

Individualistic

A
  • Supply and Demand
  • Government only needed to handle problems when people demand it
  • Less reliance on government
33
Q

Traditionalistic

A
  • Does not stress mass participation
  • Government by the elite, governing the masses
  • Social networking
34
Q

Texas Political Culture

A
  • Mix of individualistic and traditionalistic
  • East Trad
  • West Indi
  • No Campaign Contribution Limit
  • Low Tax, Low Service
  • Dominate by business and special interest
35
Q

Philosophy of Texas Consitution

A
  • Poorly Documented
  • Overamended
  • Micromanages
  • Easy to Amend, hard to overhaul
36
Q

Historical Development of the Texas Constitution

A
  • Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas, 1827: 1st Ever, Federalist System, Popular vote, Mexican tradition
  • Republic of Texas, 1836: Inspired by U.S. Constitution, president, self-government
  • Texas State Constitution, 1845: Texas joins the U.S., bicameral legislature and governor
  • 1846 Ratified Constitution: state government
  • Confederate Constitution of 1861: Suceding from union, protected slavery
  • Constitution of 1866 Reconstruction Constitution: Reconstruction Era, civil rights, abolish slavery, equality
37
Q

Political Climate of the Constitutional Convention of 1875

A
  • In the Reconstruction Era, republicans had temporary control.
  • Texans were unable to run for office
38
Q

Texas vs National Bill of Rights

A
  • Share a lot of similarities
  • Texas has more material tailored specifically for Texans
  • Broader Protections by Texas
39
Q

Texas Statehood Annexation

A
  • Texas would become a state in the U.S.
  • Retain Public Lands
  • US would assume Texas Debt
  • Texas gives up claims outside the territory
  • Texas keeps military installations
  • Right to divide into 4 additional states
  • Texas Voter Approval
40
Q

Amending National Constitution

A
  • Proposal: 2/3 vote in the House of representatives and the Senate. or 2/3 of the state legislature for the national convention
  • Ratification: 3/4 state legislature, 3/4 state ratyfing conventions
  • Congressional Approval for National Conventions:
41
Q

Amending Texas Constitution

A
  • Proposal: 2/3 vote in both chambers of Texas legislature and a majority in both statewide referendum
  • Ratification: Texas voters approve in general election
42
Q

Federation over time

A
  • Regular Federalism
  • Then duel federalism
  • cooperative federalism
  • new federalism
43
Q

Dual Federalism

A
  • Both State and National remain supreme in their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
44
Q

Cooperative Federalism

A
  • Powers and policy assignments are shared between state and national government
45
Q

Fiscal Federalism

A
  • Spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system. Reliance on the federal government
46
Q

Mayor-Council System

A
  • Elected Mayor who is CEO for city government, veto power, etc
  • Council, elected representatives, legislative body
47
Q

Council-Manager System

A
  • Council is the legislature, but a manager is chosen by the council to lead departments.
48
Q

Commission System

A
  • Led by multiple Commissioners, who serve as both legislative and executive branches
  • Specific areas
49
Q

16th Amendment

A
  • Congress has the power to levy an income tax
50
Q

17th Amendment

A
  • Direct Election of Senators

POLS 207 (2 decks)

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