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ANP 1106A > Midterm 2 Review > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

A tumor is growing on the left lateral horns of several segments of a patients spinal cord. How might these tumors affect the patient?

A

The patient may have difficulty regulating cardiac and smooth muscle contractions.

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2
Q

Which spinal nerves go directly to the tissues they supply without forming a plexus?

A

T2 through T12

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3
Q

The polio virus typically attacks

A

neurons in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord

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4
Q

spinal nerves are considered mixed which means that

A

they contain both afferent and efferent nerves

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5
Q

the outermoset layers of the meninges is the

A

dura matter

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6
Q

True of false: the limbic system acts as our emotional brain

A

TRUE

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7
Q

True of false: the primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space

A

TRUE

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8
Q

True of false: as with the cerebral cortex, the two sides of the cerebellum communicate with opposite sides of the body

A

FALSE

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9
Q

The sacral plexus is the origin of which nerve

A

sciatic nerve

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10
Q

The basal nuclei include all of the following except:

  • globus pallidus
  • putamen
  • amygdala
  • caudate nucleus
  • all answers are part of the basal nuclei
A

amygdala

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11
Q

bipolar neurons are commonly found where

A

in the retina of the eye

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12
Q

damage to the auditory association area would result in an inability to

A

understand what one hears

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13
Q

as a result of the brain injury suffered by Kevin Chappell in the article I assigned to you to reas, Kevin was no longer able to

A

recognize objects

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14
Q

the subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of the meninges

A

arachnoid and pia

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15
Q

all of the following are structures in the limbic system except

  • hippocampus
  • cingulate gyrus
  • amygdaloid nucleus
  • caudate nucleus
A

caudate nucleus

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16
Q

when the term biceps, triceps or quadriceps forms part of a muscles name, you can assume that

A

the muscle has two, three, four origins respectively

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17
Q

the CT membrane that envelops a fascicle is called the

A

perimysium

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18
Q 
Which of the following would not be involved in plantar flexion of the the foot?
- soleus
fibularis longus
- tibialis anterior
- gastrocnemius
A

tibialis anterior

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19
Q

which is NOT associated with the deltoid muscle

A

prime mover of arm flexion when all fibers used

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20
Q

which muscle inserts via the calcaneal tendon

A

soleus

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21
Q

adductor magnus, adductor longus and adductor brevis are part of a large muscle of the

A

medial compartment of the thigh

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22
Q

which of the following would not influence lip movement

  • zygomaticus
  • mentalis
  • orbicularis oculi
  • buccinator
  • all of the above would influence lip movement
A

orbicularis oculi

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23
Q

with regard to the muscle fiber arrangement in a pennate muscle

A

the fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle

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24
Q

What does the term levator mean?

A

the muscle elevates a region

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25
Q

Which is the major muscle for resting level of breathing?

A

diaphragm

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26
Q

which of the following is not a function of the sartorius muscle?

  • lateral rotation of the thigh
  • flexion of the knee
  • adduction of the thigh
  • flexion of the hip
A

adduction of the thigh

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27
Q

which muscle is a prime mover of head flexion?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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28
Q

The extensor carpi radialis brevis:
- extends and adducts the wrist and is short
- extends and abducts the wrist and has a small tendon
- supinates the forearm and is a superficial muscle
extends the thumb and is a deep muscle

A

extends and adducts the wrist and is short

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29
Q

Which of the following are small rectangular muscles that spare the shoulders as they act together to pull the scapulae toward mid-line?

  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids
  • subscapularis
  • trapezius
A

rhomboids

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30
Q

which of the following contains ONLY motor fibers?

  • dorsal root
  • dorsal ramus
  • ventral root
  • ventral ramus
A

ventral root

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31
Q

The fissure separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres is the

A

longitudinal fissure

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32
Q

which nerve fibers link areas WITHIN a cerebral hemisphere

A

association fibers

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33
Q

ciliated CNS neuroglia that play a role in moving the CSF are

A

ependymal cells

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34
Q

The hypothalamus:

  • is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature
  • contains feeding and hunger centers
  • contains neurons sensitive to the hydration level of the blood
  • all of the above are correct
A

all of the above are correct

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35
Q

the primary visual cortex is located in the

A

occipital lobe

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36
Q

problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear

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37
Q

which of the following would help to determine if the oculomotor nerve (III) was damaged?
- have the pt distinguish between green and red colours
- have the pt read the letters on an eye chart
- have the pt look superiorly and inferiorly
have the pt cry

A

have the pt look superiorly and inferiorly

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38
Q

the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex is located in the

A

precentral gyrus

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39
Q 
The CSF:
A.is secreted by the arachnoid villi
B.enters the 4 ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space
C. is completely renewed every 48 hours
D. is formed by the choroid plexus
- C and D
A

D

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40
Q

The abducens nerve regulates the movement of

A

lateral and rectus muscle

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41
Q

The cerebellum

  • is located posterior to the brain stem and inferior to the central hemispheres
  • directly stimulates voluntary skeletal muscle contractions
  • communicates with the cerebral hemispheres through three pairs of cerebellar peduncles
  • has a superficial layer of white matter
  • all of the above
A

is located posterior to the brain stem and inferior to the central hemispheres

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42
Q

the consists of a frontal belly joined by an aponeurosis

A

epicranius

43
Q

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

  • spinocerebellar tracts/ proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
  • spinothalamic tract/ information to the brain about burning pain
  • pyramidal and corticospinsal tracts/ motor tracts serving voluntary movement
  • extrapyramidal tracts/ sensory information to the brain
A

extrapyramidal tracts/ sensory information to the brain

44
Q

Which is the most common neuron type in humans?

A

multipolar

45
Q

When neurons in Wernicke’s area send impulses to neurons in Broca’s area, the white matter tracts utilized are:

A

association fibers

46
Q

If a person has a crash injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he

A

might be unable to breathe on his own

47
Q

The role of astrocytes is

A

to provide physical and metabolic support

48
Q

after suffereing a stroke, mary finds she cannot move her left arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the

A

right frontal lobe

49
Q

a person who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his/her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle has sustained damage to

A

the visual association area

50
Q

The dorsal root carries info only while the ventral root carries info

A
  • toward the spinal cord

- away from the spinal cord

51
Q

the basal nuclei are involved in

A

movement initiation

52
Q

The body’s main parasympathetic nerve

A

vagus nerve

53
Q

in the medulla, nerve fibers from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord (corticospinal fibers) are found in the

A

pyramids

54
Q

CSF flows from 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle through the

A

cerebral aqueduct

55
Q

the blood brain barrier

  • is permeable to nutrients
  • is formed by tight junctions b/t brain capillary endothelial cells
  • is designed to protect the brain from circulating toxins
  • depends largely on the glia and feet of astrocytes
  • all of the above are correct
A

all of the above are correct

56
Q

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making repid adjustments to maintain balance and EQM are functions of the

A

cerebellum

57
Q

damage to which area results in devastating loss of the ability to comprehend virtually all types of sensory input?

A

interpretation area

58
Q

the postcentral gyrus is the site of

A

primary somatosensory cortex

59
Q

which of the following is not a property of the limbic system

  • contains cerebral and diancephalic components
  • functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
  • located bt the border of the cerebrum and diancephalon
  • functions in emotions, learning and memory
A

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

60
Q

if a ventral root of a spinal cord were cut, what would the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies

A

a complete loss of voluntary movement

61
Q

a prof. unexpectedly blew a loud horn in his ANP class, and all his students looked up, startled. These reflective movements of the next and eye muscles were mediated by the

A

inferior colliculi

62
Q

which of the following cranial nerves is exclusively sensory

  • optic (III)
  • facial (VII)
  • hypoglossal (XII)
  • trochlear (IV)
A

optic (III)

63
Q

if your nose itches, which primary sensory area receives that information?

A

somatosensory

64
Q

The sacral plexus is the origin of the

A

sciatic nerve

65
Q

the deltoid muscle can produce all of the following movements at the shoulder joint except

  • abduction
  • flexion
  • adduction
  • extension
A

adduction

66
Q

The muscles of the that flex the leg and extend the thigh
A) are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh
B) include the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus
C) are collectively called the hamstrings
D) only A and B are correct
E) A, B and C are correct

A

E) A, B and C are correct

67
Q

This muscle is responsible for keeping your toes from dragging when walking

A

tibialis anterior

68
Q

When your friend asks you a question, you shrug your shoulders be you really don’t know the answer. Which muscle are you using?

A

levator scapulae

69
Q

The pecineus, psoas major, addector longus, and ilacus muscles have one action in common. The all

A

flex the thigh

70
Q

An instructor raises his eyebrows bc he is very surprised by a student’s comment during class. Which of the following muscles is involved in this surprised expression?

  • zygomaticus
  • buccinator
  • orbicularis oculi
  • epicranius
A

epicranius

71
Q

to exhale forcibly, one would contract the

A

internal intercostals and diaphragm

72
Q

in flexing the forearem at the elbow, the acts as the antagonist

A

triceps brachii

73
Q

muscles of facial expression:
A. generally originate from bones of the facial skull
B. generally insert into the skin or into other muscles, rather than bones
C. are innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
D. only A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are all correct

A

E. A, B and C are all correct

74
Q

Because you dd not do well on your recent ANP exam, you leave the class pouting. Which one of these muscles are you using?

  • orbicularis oris
  • buccinator
  • zygomaticus
  • temporalis
A

orbicularis oris

75
Q

The action(s) of the extensor digitorum longus muscle is to
A) flex the digits
B) assist with plantar flexion of the foot
C) extend digits
D) assist with dorsiflexion of the food
E) both C and D

A

E) both C and D

76
Q

The descriptor of a muscle that helps prime movers work efficiently is

A

sunergist

77
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- in a pennate muscle pattern, muscles appear to be straplike
movements of the thigh are accomplished by muscles anchored to the pelvic girdle
- the chewing muscle covering the ramus of the mandible is the masseter
- the broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi
-the internal oblique muscles are superficial to the transverse abdominis muscles

A

in a pennate muscle pattern, muscles appear to be straplike

78
Q

Which of the following would and anatomist NOT use in the naming of a new muscle?

  • functions
  • relative size
  • general shape
  • number of heads
  • the strength of contraction
A

the strength of contraction

79
Q

Which of the following muscle names and their descriptors are mismatched?
- adductor brevis/ short muscle that moves a bone closer to the midline
rectus abdominis/ muscle fibers parallel to the midline of the abdomen
- levator scapula/ muscle that raises the scapula
- sternohyoid/ muscle attached to the sternum and hyoid
- none of the above

A

none of the above

80
Q

What do genioglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus have in common?

A

all act on the tongue

81
Q 
Choose the muscles that retract the jaw
A) temporalis
B) masseter
C) medial pterygoid
D) both A and B are correct
E) all three muscles retract the jaw
A

D) both A and B are correct

82
Q

During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut lateral to the linea alba. The muscle that would be cut is the

A

rectus abdominis

83
Q

The levator ani and coccygeus muscles insert on the

A

coccyx

84
Q

Primary motor cortex broadmann number

A

4

85
Q

Somatosensory association Broadmann number

A

5 and 7

86
Q

White matter of the nervous system is composed of

A

aggregations of myelinated axons

87
Q

Which fissures separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

longitudinal fissures

88
Q

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except:

A. pathologic sleep
B. loss of body temperature control
C. production of excessive quantities of urine
D. loss of proprioception

A

D. loss of proprioception

89
Q

Schwann cells are functionally similar to

A

oligodendrocytes

90
Q

This cranial nerve has 5 major branches and transmits sensory, motor and autonomic impulses

A

facial

91
Q

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS are called

A

ganglia

92
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

A

prefrontal cortex

93
Q

ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called

A

gyri

94
Q

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A

ependymal cells

95
Q

The thirst centre is located in the

A

hypothalamus

96
Q

Bipolar neurons are commonly

A

found in the retina of the eye

97
Q

What would normally be found immediately surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

gray matter

98
Q

The brainstem includes all of the following EXCEPT the:

A. medulla oblongata
B. pons
C. midbrain
D. diancephalon
E. reticular formation
A

D. diancephalon

99
Q

How does cerebrospinal fluid pass from the 3rd ventricle into the 4th ventricle? Through the

A

cerebral aqueduct

100
Q

A spinal nerve is covered from the inside out with a:

A

myelin sheath, endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

101
Q

The abducens nerve is exclusively sensory

A

FALSE

102
Q

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of spinal nerves

A

TRUE

103
Q

Denticulate ligaments help to anchor the brain anteriorly in the skull

A

FALSE

ANP 1106A (2 decks)

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