Midterm 2 Review Flashcards
A tumor is growing on the left lateral horns of several segments of a patients spinal cord. How might these tumors affect the patient?
The patient may have difficulty regulating cardiac and smooth muscle contractions.
Which spinal nerves go directly to the tissues they supply without forming a plexus?
T2 through T12
The polio virus typically attacks
neurons in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord
spinal nerves are considered mixed which means that
they contain both afferent and efferent nerves
the outermoset layers of the meninges is the
dura matter
True of false: the limbic system acts as our emotional brain
TRUE
True of false: the primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space
TRUE
True of false: as with the cerebral cortex, the two sides of the cerebellum communicate with opposite sides of the body
FALSE
The sacral plexus is the origin of which nerve
sciatic nerve
The basal nuclei include all of the following except:
- globus pallidus
- putamen
- amygdala
- caudate nucleus
- all answers are part of the basal nuclei
amygdala
bipolar neurons are commonly found where
in the retina of the eye
damage to the auditory association area would result in an inability to
understand what one hears
as a result of the brain injury suffered by Kevin Chappell in the article I assigned to you to reas, Kevin was no longer able to
recognize objects
the subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of the meninges
arachnoid and pia
all of the following are structures in the limbic system except
- hippocampus
- cingulate gyrus
- amygdaloid nucleus
- caudate nucleus
caudate nucleus
when the term biceps, triceps or quadriceps forms part of a muscles name, you can assume that
the muscle has two, three, four origins respectively
the CT membrane that envelops a fascicle is called the
perimysium
Which of the following would not be involved in plantar flexion of the the foot? - soleus fibularis longus - tibialis anterior - gastrocnemius
tibialis anterior
which is NOT associated with the deltoid muscle
prime mover of arm flexion when all fibers used
which muscle inserts via the calcaneal tendon
soleus
adductor magnus, adductor longus and adductor brevis are part of a large muscle of the
medial compartment of the thigh
which of the following would not influence lip movement
- zygomaticus
- mentalis
- orbicularis oculi
- buccinator
- all of the above would influence lip movement
orbicularis oculi
with regard to the muscle fiber arrangement in a pennate muscle
the fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle
What does the term levator mean?
the muscle elevates a region
Which is the major muscle for resting level of breathing?
diaphragm
which of the following is not a function of the sartorius muscle?
- lateral rotation of the thigh
- flexion of the knee
- adduction of the thigh
- flexion of the hip
adduction of the thigh
which muscle is a prime mover of head flexion?
sternocleidomastoid
The extensor carpi radialis brevis:
- extends and adducts the wrist and is short
- extends and abducts the wrist and has a small tendon
- supinates the forearm and is a superficial muscle
extends the thumb and is a deep muscle
extends and adducts the wrist and is short
Which of the following are small rectangular muscles that spare the shoulders as they act together to pull the scapulae toward mid-line?
- levator scapulae
- rhomboids
- subscapularis
- trapezius
rhomboids
which of the following contains ONLY motor fibers?
- dorsal root
- dorsal ramus
- ventral root
- ventral ramus
ventral root
The fissure separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres is the
longitudinal fissure
which nerve fibers link areas WITHIN a cerebral hemisphere
association fibers
ciliated CNS neuroglia that play a role in moving the CSF are
ependymal cells
The hypothalamus:
- is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature
- contains feeding and hunger centers
- contains neurons sensitive to the hydration level of the blood
- all of the above are correct
all of the above are correct
the primary visual cortex is located in the
occipital lobe
problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?
vestibulocochlear
which of the following would help to determine if the oculomotor nerve (III) was damaged?
- have the pt distinguish between green and red colours
- have the pt read the letters on an eye chart
- have the pt look superiorly and inferiorly
have the pt cry
have the pt look superiorly and inferiorly
the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex is located in the
precentral gyrus
The CSF: A.is secreted by the arachnoid villi B.enters the 4 ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space C. is completely renewed every 48 hours D. is formed by the choroid plexus - C and D
D
The abducens nerve regulates the movement of
lateral and rectus muscle
The cerebellum
- is located posterior to the brain stem and inferior to the central hemispheres
- directly stimulates voluntary skeletal muscle contractions
- communicates with the cerebral hemispheres through three pairs of cerebellar peduncles
- has a superficial layer of white matter
- all of the above
is located posterior to the brain stem and inferior to the central hemispheres
the consists of a frontal belly joined by an aponeurosis
epicranius
Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
- spinocerebellar tracts/ proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
- spinothalamic tract/ information to the brain about burning pain
- pyramidal and corticospinsal tracts/ motor tracts serving voluntary movement
- extrapyramidal tracts/ sensory information to the brain
extrapyramidal tracts/ sensory information to the brain
Which is the most common neuron type in humans?
multipolar
When neurons in Wernicke’s area send impulses to neurons in Broca’s area, the white matter tracts utilized are:
association fibers
If a person has a crash injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he
might be unable to breathe on his own
The role of astrocytes is
to provide physical and metabolic support
after suffereing a stroke, mary finds she cannot move her left arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the
right frontal lobe
a person who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his/her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle has sustained damage to
the visual association area
The dorsal root carries info only while the ventral root carries info
- toward the spinal cord
- away from the spinal cord
the basal nuclei are involved in
movement initiation
The body’s main parasympathetic nerve
vagus nerve
in the medulla, nerve fibers from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord (corticospinal fibers) are found in the
pyramids
CSF flows from 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle through the
cerebral aqueduct
the blood brain barrier
- is permeable to nutrients
- is formed by tight junctions b/t brain capillary endothelial cells
- is designed to protect the brain from circulating toxins
- depends largely on the glia and feet of astrocytes
- all of the above are correct
all of the above are correct
Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making repid adjustments to maintain balance and EQM are functions of the
cerebellum
damage to which area results in devastating loss of the ability to comprehend virtually all types of sensory input?
interpretation area
the postcentral gyrus is the site of
primary somatosensory cortex
which of the following is not a property of the limbic system
- contains cerebral and diancephalic components
- functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
- located bt the border of the cerebrum and diancephalon
- functions in emotions, learning and memory
functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
if a ventral root of a spinal cord were cut, what would the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies
a complete loss of voluntary movement
a prof. unexpectedly blew a loud horn in his ANP class, and all his students looked up, startled. These reflective movements of the next and eye muscles were mediated by the
inferior colliculi
which of the following cranial nerves is exclusively sensory
- optic (III)
- facial (VII)
- hypoglossal (XII)
- trochlear (IV)
optic (III)
if your nose itches, which primary sensory area receives that information?
somatosensory
The sacral plexus is the origin of the
sciatic nerve
the deltoid muscle can produce all of the following movements at the shoulder joint except
- abduction
- flexion
- adduction
- extension
adduction
The muscles of the that flex the leg and extend the thigh
A) are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh
B) include the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus
C) are collectively called the hamstrings
D) only A and B are correct
E) A, B and C are correct
E) A, B and C are correct
This muscle is responsible for keeping your toes from dragging when walking
tibialis anterior
When your friend asks you a question, you shrug your shoulders be you really don’t know the answer. Which muscle are you using?
levator scapulae
The pecineus, psoas major, addector longus, and ilacus muscles have one action in common. The all
flex the thigh
An instructor raises his eyebrows bc he is very surprised by a student’s comment during class. Which of the following muscles is involved in this surprised expression?
- zygomaticus
- buccinator
- orbicularis oculi
- epicranius
epicranius
to exhale forcibly, one would contract the
internal intercostals and diaphragm
in flexing the forearem at the elbow, the acts as the antagonist
triceps brachii
muscles of facial expression:
A. generally originate from bones of the facial skull
B. generally insert into the skin or into other muscles, rather than bones
C. are innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
D. only A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are all correct
E. A, B and C are all correct
Because you dd not do well on your recent ANP exam, you leave the class pouting. Which one of these muscles are you using?
- orbicularis oris
- buccinator
- zygomaticus
- temporalis
orbicularis oris
The action(s) of the extensor digitorum longus muscle is to
A) flex the digits
B) assist with plantar flexion of the foot
C) extend digits
D) assist with dorsiflexion of the food
E) both C and D
E) both C and D
The descriptor of a muscle that helps prime movers work efficiently is
sunergist
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- in a pennate muscle pattern, muscles appear to be straplike
movements of the thigh are accomplished by muscles anchored to the pelvic girdle
- the chewing muscle covering the ramus of the mandible is the masseter
- the broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi
-the internal oblique muscles are superficial to the transverse abdominis muscles
in a pennate muscle pattern, muscles appear to be straplike
Which of the following would and anatomist NOT use in the naming of a new muscle?
- functions
- relative size
- general shape
- number of heads
- the strength of contraction
the strength of contraction
Which of the following muscle names and their descriptors are mismatched?
- adductor brevis/ short muscle that moves a bone closer to the midline
rectus abdominis/ muscle fibers parallel to the midline of the abdomen
- levator scapula/ muscle that raises the scapula
- sternohyoid/ muscle attached to the sternum and hyoid
- none of the above
none of the above
What do genioglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus have in common?
all act on the tongue
Choose the muscles that retract the jaw A) temporalis B) masseter C) medial pterygoid D) both A and B are correct E) all three muscles retract the jaw
D) both A and B are correct
During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut lateral to the linea alba. The muscle that would be cut is the
rectus abdominis
The levator ani and coccygeus muscles insert on the
coccyx
Primary motor cortex broadmann number
4
Somatosensory association Broadmann number
5 and 7
White matter of the nervous system is composed of
aggregations of myelinated axons
Which fissures separates the cerebral hemispheres?
longitudinal fissures
Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except:
A. pathologic sleep
B. loss of body temperature control
C. production of excessive quantities of urine
D. loss of proprioception
D. loss of proprioception
Schwann cells are functionally similar to
oligodendrocytes
This cranial nerve has 5 major branches and transmits sensory, motor and autonomic impulses
facial
Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS are called
ganglia
Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
prefrontal cortex
ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called
gyri
What cells line the ventricles of the brain?
ependymal cells
The thirst centre is located in the
hypothalamus
Bipolar neurons are commonly
found in the retina of the eye
What would normally be found immediately surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord?
gray matter
The brainstem includes all of the following EXCEPT the:
A. medulla oblongata B. pons C. midbrain D. diancephalon E. reticular formation
D. diancephalon
How does cerebrospinal fluid pass from the 3rd ventricle into the 4th ventricle? Through the
cerebral aqueduct
A spinal nerve is covered from the inside out with a:
myelin sheath, endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium
The abducens nerve is exclusively sensory
FALSE
Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of spinal nerves
TRUE
Denticulate ligaments help to anchor the brain anteriorly in the skull
FALSE
