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MICR 338 > Midterm #2 Material - Push to Final > Flashcards

Midterm #2 Material - Push to Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is polycistronic?

A

The single mRNA carrying multiple protein-coding sequences

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2
Q

What is the lac operon designed for?

A

E.coli to break down lactose

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3
Q

What are the different parts of the operon?

A

PROG (Promoter, Repressor, Operator, Gene)

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4
Q

How is lactose transported?

A

via LacY permease

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5
Q

What does beta-galactosidase do?

A

Cleaves lactose to glucose and galactose

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6
Q

What happens to the operon when lactose isn’t present?

A

The lac operon is repressed by Lac1.

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7
Q

What are the independent translation control signals of an operon?

A

1) RBS (Ribosomal Binding Site)
2) Start Codon
3) Stop Codon

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8
Q

What is catabolite repression?

A

When a preferred carbon source is available, genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources is repressed.

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9
Q

What does the induction of lac operon require?

A

1) High cAMP-CRP Concentration
2) Presence of lactose

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10
Q

What is cyclic AMP synthesized from?

A

ATP via adenylate cyclase

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11
Q

At what type of concentrations is cAMP effective at?

A

very low

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12
Q

What does CRP stand for and what gene is it encoded by?

A

1) Catabolite Repressor Protein
2) crp gene

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13
Q

What is CRP?

A

A gene regulatory protein that binds cAMP

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14
Q

CAP Site

A

Region of the lac promoter (lacP) at which cAMP-CRP binds to

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15
Q

What is the critical parameter in gene regulation by catabolite repression?

A

Concentration of cAMP

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16
Q

What can neither crp or cya utilize?

A

Alternative C sources

17
Q

What are the conditions when glucose is abundant?

A

1) low concentration of cAMP-CRP
2) Not enough cAMP-CRP to bind to lacP
3) lac operon is not expressed

18
Q

What are the things lac operon induction requires?

A

1) Binding of cAMP-CRP to lacP
2) Absence of lacI repressor at lacO site

19
Q

What is the actual inducer of the lac operon?

A

allolactose

20
Q

What happens when there’s an absence of lactose (allolactose) or IPTG?

A

LacI-repressor binds to lacO, preventing transcription

21
Q

Why is IPTG often used as inducer rather than lactose?

A

Because of its constant level

22
Q

What are the advantages of plasmids?

A

Antibiotic resistance, toxin degradation, virulence and/or symbiosis-related functions

23
Q

What do Col plasmids do?

A

Synthesize colicin proteins

24
Q

What are colicin proteins?

A

Type of bacteriocin unique to E.coli strains

25
Q

What are bacteriocins?

A

Proteins that can kill sensitive bacteria

26
Q

What are R Plasmids (Resistance)?

A

They carry resistance to antibiotics and other factors

27
Q

What are characteristics of R Plasmids?

A

Often broad-host-range and self-transmissible

MICR 338 (3 decks)

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