Midterm 2 Flashcards
when amphetamines were first marketed, what were they primarily used for?
a. As a stimulant for marathon runners
b. As a training aid for boxers
c. As a nasal decongestant in cold medications
d. To keep soldiers awake during the Blitzkrieg
c. As a nasal decongestant in cold medications
Why did the International Olympic Committee restrict drug use by athletes during
competition?
a. Improper drug use was harmful to the health of the athletes
b. Using drugs in competition was unethical
c. The athletes were using drugs without the proper qualifications
d. Drugs gave athletes an unfair competitive advantage
a. Improper drug use was harmful to the health of the athletes
What was the principal technique that East German athletes used to mask steroid use?
a. Take diuretics a few days before competition
b. Injecting epitestosterone just before competition
c. Filling the bladder with clean urine using a catheter
d. Adding powdered soap to their urine sample
b. Injecting epitestosterone just before competition
The safest way to obtain human protein for drug use is to
a. Extract the protein from animals
b. Extract the protein from cadavers
c. Make the protein using chemical semi-synthesis
d. Make the protein using genetic modification
d. Make the protein using genetic modification
How do sulfa drugs inhibit bacterial growth?
a. Sulfa drugs block the action of the enzyme that assembles bacterial cell walls
b. Sulfa drugs resemble coenzyme F, which is used by the bacteria in normal
metabolism
c. Sulfa drugs become “stuck” in the enzyme that makes coenzyme F
d. Sulfa drugs block the action of the protein that assembles bacterial cell walls
c. Sulfa drugs become “stuck” in the enzyme that makes coenzyme F
Which of the following statements about modern penicillin-type drugs is false?
a. Most penicillin drugs sold today are natural forms
b. Natural penicillin drugs are usually given by injection
c. Most penicillin drugs sold today are semi-synthetic
d. Synthetic penicillins have longer shelf-lives than natural source ones
a. Most penicillin drugs sold today are natural forms
Why did early tobacco smokers prefer to smoke pipes?
a. The stem of the pipe removed chemicals that irritated the smoker’s throat
b. Smoking cigars or cigarettes was too expensive
c. Pipe smoking was socially acceptable
d. Smoking a fancy pipe at a private club was a status symbol
a. The stem of the pipe removed chemicals that irritated the smoker’s throat
Which of the following substances, found in tobacco, is not a significant cause of cancer?
a. Polonium-210
b. Combustion by-products
c. Benzopyrenes
d. Nicotine
d. Nicotine
Why is ammonia added to cigarette tobacco?
a. Ammonia removes bitter tasting acids and produces a better tasting cigarette
b. Ammonia removes corrosive acids and reduces throat irritation
c. Ammonia removes acids that destroy nicotine thus increasing nicotine delivery
d. Ammonia removes toxic acids and produces a safer cigarette
c. Ammonia removes acids that destroy nicotine thus increasing nicotine delivery
What type of cell provides the primary immunologic memory for bacterial infections?
a. Mast cells
b. Killer T cells
c. Helper T cells
d. B cells
d. B cells
Why are adjuvants added to vaccines?
a. Adjuvants reduce inflammation resulting in fewer side effects
b. Adjuvants reduce the risk of developing autism
c. Adjuvants reduce the need for booster shots
d. Adjuvants reduce the severity of fever from attenuated vaccines
c. Adjuvants reduce the need for booster shots
Which of the following does not contain squalene?
a. Sharks
b. Influenza vaccine
c. Humans
d. Anthrax vaccine
d. Anthrax vaccine
Which of the following diseases kills the most people in the world today?
a. Malaria
b. Smallpox
c. Ebola
d. AIDS
d. AIDS
Why are most new drugs artificially designed rather than discovered in nature?
a. Drugs from natural sources cannot be patented
b. Man-made drugs are more profitable than natural source drugs
c. Natural source drugs are often difficult to manufacture in large quantities
d. Artificially designed drugs are safer than natural source drugs
c. Natural source drugs are often difficult to manufacture in large quantities
Why do many people incorrectly evaluate risk in modern life?
a. People judge risks using emotional responses rather than rational thought
b. People judge risks using rational thought rather than emotional responses
c. People judge risks by considering only the outcome of the event
d. People judge risks by considering only the likelihood of the event
a. People judge risks using emotional responses rather than rational thought
In the 1950’s Henrietta Lacks made an extremely important medical contribution, that has been used in the development of almost every drug since the 1960’s. Her contribution was:
she was the source of HeLa cell line
in order to form a tumor, several systems in a cell must become defective. Which of the following cellular systems is not implicated in tumor formation?
A. cellular growth signals B. cellular self destruction C. cellular stop-growth signals D. cellular metabolism E. cellular division clock
D. cellular metabolism
The major reason why people have problems interpreting statistical information is rooted in:
societal and emotional bias
Which method do most doctors use to select a course of treatment
faith and intuition in their own judgement
When considering recommended treatment options, most patients make their decisions by
following their doctor’s recommendation
A simple way to evaluate the risks and benefits in medical procedures is to
compare the absolute (total numbers) risks and benefits of each procedure, then choose the course of action that has the best combination of benefit and risk
decongestants make it easier to breathe by opening up nasal passages. The way that this happens is that
decongestants cause vasoconstriction, resulting in reduced water supply for mucus production
the decongestant PPA (phenylpropanolamine) was removed from all cold medications in 2000 because
PPA is an amphetamine derivative and is used in diet pills as an appetite suppressant
some meds do not require a prescription, but are not available on the shelf of a drugstore. They are sold this way because
they contain amphetamines that are used to make illegal drugs
antihistamines produce which of the following combinations of effects
clear up runny eyes and runny nose, induce drowsiness
eating rye bread that is made from improperly stored grain can produce what affliction?
St. Anthony’s fire
The ergot fungus was a toxic substance that, in low doses, could have which of the following medical applications?
induce labor
Tryptan drugs abort migraine by
selectively stimulating the transmission of nerve signals normally carried by serotonin
many foods are associated with toxic headaches. Which one of the following does not cause toxic headaches
A. aged cheese containing tryptamine B. Red wines containing histamines C. processed foods containing MSG D. ice cream containing vanillin E. coffee containing caffeine
C. processed foods containing MSG
which of these statements about common cold is true?
the incidence of colds decrease with age
the best way to cure a common cold is
there is no cure for the common cold
What factor should you not consider when buying generic drugs
the fact that name-bran meds work better than generic drugs
acetaminophen can sometimes produce liver damage, this is because
at high doses, the pathway by which the drug is metabolized changes and a toxic metabolite is produced
which of the following contains acetaminophen
tylenol
which med should you be cautious about using for a hangover
acetaminophen
One of the following statements concerning vascular headaches is incorrect. Which one?
A. Vascular headaches, in general, are more painful than muscular headaches
B. Vascular headaches are mainly a result of stress
C. some vascular headaches are a result of vasodilatation that is induced by poisons
D. Vascular headaches can sometimes be treated with caffeine
E. some vascular headaches give the sufferer a warning before the pain begins
B. Vascular headaches are mainly a result of stress
Migraine headache progression of stages
prodome, aura, pain phase, postdome
Bloodletting was developed using the doctrine of signatures
FALSE
The birth defects caused by thalidomide prompted the US government to create the FDA
TRUE
the Board of Food and Drug Inspection, founded in 1907, was created to ensure that drug companies
list all of the included substances on the label
Drugs must be tested in at least one primate
TRUE
Public outrage over patent medicines resulted in the first government regulations for drugs
FALSE
Aspirin was first isolated from willow bark
TRUE
