Midterm 1 Flashcards
Joseph Lister is associated with the development of what medical breakthrough?
Antisepsis
Which of the following are not related?
A) Joseph Lister and carbolic acid B) Malaria and quinine C) W. T Morton and ether D) Hippocrates and the doctrine of humors E) Salicylic acid and the boneset plant
E) Salicylic acid and the boneset plant
Which of the Following was not associated with the doctrine of humors?
A) Blood B) Black bile C) Phlegm D) Mandrake E) Bloodletting
D) Mandrake
Life expectancy in the world throughout most of history was
approximately half of what it is now
Which of the following has had the biggest benefit to human survival?
A) Chlorination of water B) Development of anesthetics C) Discovery of ASA D) Availability of OTC drugs E) The doctrine of humors in the development of medications
B) Development of anesthetics
which of the following diseases no longer exists on earth?
A) small pox B) the great pox C) Polio D) Measles E) Dracunculiasis
smallpox
Which of the following statements is true?
A) The thalidomide incident occurred bc the drug company did not follow proper testing procedures as required by law
B) Sulphanilamide poisoned children because the company did not follow proper testing procedures as required by law
C) The birth defects caused by thalidomide prompted to US government to create the FDA
D) Liquid sulphanilamide was a safe drug when used properly
E) Sulphanilamide tablets were a safe drug when used properly
C) The birth defects caused by thalidomide prompted to US government to create the FDA
Which of the following statements is false?
A) Plants are a good source of medicines bc they are a good source of poisons
B) Ancient cultures made extensive use of plants in medicine
C) Bloodletting was developed using the doctrine of signatures
D) The difference bt a drug and a poison is the dose
E) All substances can be poisonous if the dose is high enough
C) Bloodletting was developed using the doctrine of signatures
The Board of Food and Drug Inspection, founded in 1907, was created to ensure that drug companies
List all of the included substances on the label
Which of the following drug statements regarding drug testing are true?
A) drugs must be tested in at least one primate
B) drugs must be tested in rats or another suitable rodent
C) the FDA tests all drugs to ensure they are safe
D) Drugs are tested at a dose that will produce a response
E) Drugs are only tested before they are sold
A) drugs must be tested in at least one primate
Which of the following regarding patent medicines is false?
A) Patent medicines are no longer sold
B) Patent medicines before 1930 could contain any substance that the company chose to include
C) By law, the label had to indicate what was in the patent medicine
D) Some patent medicines were very effective
E) Public outrage over patent medicines resulted in the first government regulations for drugs
E) Public outrage over patent medicines resulted in the first government regulations for drugs
Which of the following statements regarding the discovery of Aspirin is true
Aspirin was first isolated from willow bark
Which of the following are related
A) Felix Hoffman and acetaminophen
B) Ibuprofen and Rye syndrome
C) Aspirin and prostaglandins
D) Acetaminophen and cyclooxygenase
C) Aspirin and prostaglandins
Which of the following drugs are not indicated for children
Aspirin (ASA)
What is the mechanism that produces the major side effects associated with ASA?
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the stomach
Which of the following drugs is not indicated for rheumatoid arthritis? A) Tylenol B) ASA C) Ibuprofen D) Vioxx E) Naproxen
A) Tylenol
Acetaminophen was discovered by Cal Duisberg, but the compound was not sold until 30 years later. This was because
Duisberg though it would be too toxic
Children’s Tylenol is more expensive than regular Tylenol because
Children’s drugs must be specially formulated for the different metabolism of the child
What factor should you not consider when buying generic drugs
The fact that name brand meds work better than generic drugs
Acetaminophen can sometimes produce liver damage. This is because
at high doses, the pathway by which the drug is metabolized changes and a toxic metabolite is produced
Which of the following products contains acetaminophen?
A) Maalox B) Aspirin C) Tums D) Baking soda E) Tylenol
E) Tylenol
Which medication should you be cautious about using for a hangover?
Acetaminophen
One of the following statements concerning vascular headaches is false. Which one?
A) Vascular headaches, in general, are more painful than muscular headaches
B) vascular headaches are mainly a result of stress
C) Some vascular headaches are a result of vasodilation that is induced by poisons
D) Vascular headaches can sometimes be treated with caffeine
E) Some vascular headaches give the sufferer a warning before the pain begins
B) vascular headaches are mainly a result of stress
muscular headaches are caused by stress
Migraine headaches normally follow a well defined progression involving several stages. After the headache is triggered, what is the proper progression of the stages?
Prodome, Aura, pain phase, postdome
Eating rye bread that is made from improperly stored grain can produce which affliction?
St. Anthony’s fire
The ergot fungus was a toxic substance that, in low doses, could have which of the following medical appllications?
induce labor
Tryptan drugs abort migraine by
selectively stimulating the transmission of nerve signals normally carried by serotonin
Many foods are associated with toxic headaches. Which of the following does not cause toxic headaches?
processed foods containing MSG
Which of these statements about the common cold is true?
The incidence of colds decreases with age
The best way to cure a common cold is
there is no cure for the common cold
Decongestants make it easier to breathe by opening up nasal passages. The way this happens is that
Decongestants cause vasoconstriction, resulting in reduced water supply for mucus production
The decongestant PPA (phenylpropanolamine) was removed from all cold medications in 2000 because
PPA is an amphetamine derivative and is used in diet pills as an appetite suppressant. Misuse of diet pills produced hallucinations and strokes in patients taking diet medications
Some medications do not require a prescription, but are not available on the shelf of a drugstore. They are sold this way because
they contain amphetamines that are used to make illegal drugs
Antihistamines produce which of the combinations of side effects
Clear up runny eyes and runny nose, induce drowsiness
You have a productive cough and want to treat it. Which pdt should you buy?
Benylin extra strength: contains Guiatensin an expectorant
Which of the following was associated with the doctrine of signatures?
a) blood
b) black bile
c) mandrake
d) bloodletting
c) mandrake
What was the responsibility of the Board of Food and Drug Inspection that was founded in 1907?
c) to ensure that drugs were properly labeled
Which of the following statements regarding the discovery of Aspirin is true?
a) Aspirin was discovered by the reverend Edward Stone in 1763
b) Willow bark was used as a treatment for malaria
c) Aspirin was first isolated from willow bark
d) Aspirin was manufactured from coal tar
d) Aspirin was manufactured from coal tar
Which of the following drugs is not to be given to children?
a) naproxen
b) ibuprofen
c) Aspirin
d) Tylenol
c) Aspirin
What is the major difference between name brand and generic drugs?
a) the price of each product
b) the quality of the ingredients in each product
c) the amounts of the ingredients in each product
d) the effectiveness of each product
a) the price of each product
Which medication should you not use for a hangover?
a) A.S.A.
b) ibuprofen
c) Vioxx
d) acetaminophen
d) acetaminophen
Tryptan drugs abort migraine by
a) activating the nerve signals normally carried by serotonin
b) blocking the nerve signals normally carried by serotonin
c) blocking the nerve signals normally carried by dopamine
d) activating the nerve signals normally carried by dopamine
a) activating the nerve signals normally carried by serotonin
Which of these statements about the common cold is true?
a) cold weather causes colds to happen in winter
b) men are more susceptible to colds than women are
c) the incidence of colds decreases with age
d) colds are most frequently transmitted by coughing and sneezing
c) the incidence of colds decreases with age
Antihistamines produce which of the following combinations of effects?
a) clear up runny eyes, stop sneezing, suppress appetite
b) reduce coughing and induce drowsiness
c) clear up runny eyes, stop sneezing, induce drowsiness
d) reduce coughing and suppress appetite
c) clear up runny eyes, stop sneezing, induce drowsiness
What is the best choice to reduce nasal congestion due to a cold?
a) Buckley’s Mixture containing menthol and acetaminophen
b) Benylin Cold and Sinus containing guifenasen
c) Sinutab Extra Strength containing pseudoephedrine
d) Sudafed PE containing phenylephrine
c) Sinutab Extra Strength containing pseudoephedrine
Which of the following substances, found in tobacco, is not a significant cause of cancer?
a) Polonium-210
b) combustion by-products
c) benzopyrenes
d) nicotine
d) nicotine
What was the extremely important medical contribution made by Henrietta Lacks in the 1950’s?
a) she developed the HeLa cell method of cancer detection
b) she discovered the HeLa cell line
c) she was the source of the HeLa cell line
d) she founded the company that produced the HeLa cell line
c) she was the source of the HeLa cell line
How do many cancer drugs work?
a) restore the function of the cancer cell “stop growth” signal
b) chemically alter DNA inside cancer cells
c) cause chromosomes to unravel in cancer cells
d) initiate apoptosis in cancer cells
b) chemically alter DNA inside cancer cells
Which method do most doctors use to select a course of treatment?
a) statistical analysis of the benefits and risks
b) reading the medical literature for guidance
c) faith and intuition in their own judgment
d) consultation with other specialists
c) faith and intuition in their own judgment
Concerning scientific thinking, arrange the following in chronological order.
- Collect facts and perform experiments
- Draw conclusions
- Test conclusions in several ways
- Modify conclusions if necessary
What is the basic premise behind a scientific approach to world issues?
Create ideas and make decisions based on data and experiment
Search for data that supports ideas and decisions
Make decisions based on commonly accepted ideas
Base ideas and decisions on the best argument
Create ideas and make decisions based on data and experiment
When the Board of Food and Drug Inspection was created in 1907, what did it require drug companies to do?
List the ingredients on the label
Life expectancy in the world throughout most of history was?
A) About 35 years
B) About 80 years
C) Impossible to estimate
D) The same as it is now
A) About 35 years
What kind of information, useful for making decisions, is difficult to find for drugs?
Incidence of effects
Which of the following is a bodily humor (select all that apply)?
Black bile
Blood bile
Red bile
Brown bile
Yellow bile
Green bile
Black bile, Yellow bile
What is the difference between a drug and a poison?
Dose
Which of the following was used to collect human waste in large, medieval cities?
A) Chamber pots
B) Sewer pipes
C) Public toilets
D) Stool buckets
Chamber pots
What does an antipyretic do?
Reduce fever
How does Aspirin work?
It prevents cyclooxygenase from making prostaglandins
Which of the following is NOT an effect of Aspirin? A) Reduce sensation B) Reduce swelling C) Reduce pain D) Reduce fever
Reduce sensation
Which of the following is associated with the doctrine of humors (select all that apply)? A) Garlic B) Emetics C) Bloodletting D) St. John's wort E) Rhino Horn
A) Garlic
B) Emetics
C) Bloodletting
E) Rhino Horn
What type of cells carry antibodies
B cells (WBC)
Each B cell carries a
different antibody
One B cells has multiple of the same
Antibodies
Each infections generates
memory cells
