Midterm 2

Question 1

Where is Bacillus anthracis commonly found?

a. in rice
b. in fish exclusively
c. in animal hides (fur)
d. in human only
e. in certain species of birds

Answer 1

c. in animal hides (fur)

Question 2

Which of the following are NOT traits of mycobacterium?

• acid-fast Bacterium
• can grow rapidly on artificial media
• are Gram-positive cocci

Answer 2

• can grow rapidly on artificial media

- are Gram-positive cocci

Question 3

Which of the following statements abt syphilis is false?

• Syphilis is cause by a spirochete bacterium
• a positive VDRL test much better confirmed by special treponemal antibody tests
• a non specific test involved cardioipin as an antigen
• it can be transmitted to the foetus
• it can be seen microscopically using acid fast

Answer 3

• it can be seen microscopically using acid fast

Question 4

Which of the following is not a parasitic disease?

• amoebiasis
• trichomoniasis
• giardiasis
• toxoplasmosis
• histoplasmosis

Answer 4

• histoplasmosis

Question 5

Which of the following disease is NOT caused by bacterial exotoxin?

• botulism
• enteric fever
• anthrax
• tetanus
• diphtheroa

Answer 5

• enteric fever

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a part of the metazoa family?

• enterobius vermicularis
• trichinella spiralis
• anisakis simples
• schistosoma spp
• giardia lamblia

Answer 6

• giardia lamblia

Question 7

to be considered positive, a tuberculin test must show, after 48 hours

Answer 7

10 mm or more in diameter

Question 8

Malaria is caused by which organism?

Answer 8

Plasmodium

Question 9

the bacillus anthracis toxin

• is made up of 3 separate protein
• is encoded on the plasmid PXO2
• is an endotoxin
• the organism does not make a toxin

Answer 9

• is made up of 3 separate protein

Question 10

Cats are the hosts of which of the following parasites

• taenia solium
• toxoplasma gondii
• ascaris lumbricoides
• cyclospora cayetanesis
• giardia lamblia

Answer 10

• toxoplasma gondii

Question 11

which of the following is associated with tetanus

• severe muscle spasms such as lockjaw
• general muscle weakness
• gas gangrene
• bilateral cranial nerve palsies

Answer 11

• severe muscle spasms such as lockjaw

Question 12

The unique characteristic of having wax-like material in its cell wall structure is a characteristic of

Answer 12

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 13

The most common route of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is through

Answer 13

inhalation of contaminated aerosols

Question 14

Which of the following pathogens is NOT a spore former

• Clostridium tetani
• Bordetella pertussis
• Bacillus anthracos
• Clostridium difficile
• all of the above are spore formers

Answer 14

• Bordetella pertussis

Question 15

Listeria monocytogenes

• is able to cross three protective barriers in human
• is a non-spore former, gram negative bacillus
• tolerates cold temp and can grow in the refrigerator

Answer 15

• is able to cross three protective barriers in human

- tolerates cold temp and can grow in the refrigerator

Question 16

Endotoxins are found

• in gram positive bacteria exclusively
• in acid-fast bacteria ie) mycobacterium
• only in protozoan parasites
• in gram negative bacteria
• in parasitic organisms

Answer 16

• in gram negative bacteria

Question 17

Leprosy is

• caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
• commonly found in North America
• caused by an acid- fast bacterium
• caused by Mycoplasma leprae
• is caused by a fungal infection that goes untreated

Answer 17

• caused by an acid- fast bacterium

Question 18

Which of the following statements referring to acute gastroenteritis cause by salmonellae, is incorrect?

• is caused by salmonella typhi
• is caused by a non-lactose fermenter
• should generally not be treated w antibiotics
• have animals as reservoirs
• is manifested as acute diarrhea

Answer 18

• is caused by salmonella typhi

Question 19

What is correct about legionella pneumophila?

• is gram negative opportunistic pathogen
• transmitted via aerosols from person-person
• grows in water and found in air cooling tanks

Answer 19

• is gram negative opportunistic pathogen

- grows in water and found in air cooling tanks

Question 20

Malaria

• is characterized by spiking fever
• may be prevented by vaccination globally
• can be prevented by vaccination globally
• is caused by a gram positive bacterium
• is caused by a gram negative bacterium

Answer 20

• is characterized by spiking fever

Question 21

overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics destroying the normal flora can lead to

• infection with Legionella spp.
• infection with Bacillus cereus
• infection with Bordetella pertussis
• infection with Haemophilius influenza
• infection with Clostridium difficile

Answer 21

Clostridium difficile

Question 22

Which of the following gram-negative rods is commonly linked to bloodying stool

• Haemophilus influenza
• salmonella enteritidis
• vibrio cholera
• clostridium tetani
• shigella sonnei

Answer 22

• shigella sonnei

Question 23

a common opportunistic infection associated w AIDS pts. is caused by:

• cryptococcus neoformans
• tinea corporis
• tinea pedis
• candida albicans
• asperigillus Favis

Answer 23

• cryptococcus neoformans

Question 24

The most common route of exposure for tetanus is

Answer 24

skin trauma or puncture wound by a contaminated object

Question 25

Gas gangrene is caused by

Answer 25

Clostridium perfringens

Question 26

Powdered infant formula is most often associated with

Answer 26

Cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazkii)

Question 27

Ulcers are most commonly result of

Answer 27

infection with Helicobacter pylori

Question 28

The campylobacter species are - anaerobic - microaerophilic - facultative anaerobes - aerobes - obligative thermophiles

Answer 28

- microaerophilic

Question 29

Both EMB and MacConkey growth media are

Answer 29

selective an differential

Question 30

the organism caused giardiasis is a - protozoan - retrovirus - yeast - bacteria - spirochete

Answer 30

- protozoan

Question 31

Give an example of a PARASITE that can gain entry into the human host via each of the following modes of transmission. Use a diIerent parasite for each. - Waterborne: - Foodborne: - Sexual contact: - Skin penetration:

Answer 31

- Waterborne: cryptosporidiosis - Foodborne: cyclosporiasis - Sexual contact: trichomonas vaginalis - Skin penetration: plasmodium (malaria)

Question 32

List the 4 stages of syphilis infection

Answer 32

1. primary 2. secondary 3. latent 4. late

Question 33

Chlamydia exists as 2 distinct forms during its life cycle. Name these 2 forms and list their roles in their life cycle

Answer 33

i) Elementary body: infectious (no replication or growth) | ii) Reticulate body: replication and growth

Question 34

4. List 4 gram negative bacilli bacteria that do not cause gastrointestinal illness (i.e.,) they are classified as enteric in the notes but cause problems elsewhere in the body

Answer 34

- salmonellae - Escherichia coli - shigellae - enterobacter spp

Question 35

List 2 similarities and 2 differences bt Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani

Answer 35

Similarities: Gram positive; spore forming rods, anaerobic Differences: - Clostridium tetanis requires booster every 10 years; causes tetanus - Clostridium botulinum causes are from improper canned veg; causes botulism

Question 36

What are the 2 types of toxins produced by C. difficile and what are their elects on the host?

Answer 36

Toxic A: causes diarrhea Toxic B: cytotoxic to colonic cells

Question 37

List the 4 levels of fungal infection starting from the least serious to the most serious symptoms

Answer 37

Superficial fungal infection Cutaneous fungal infection Subcutaneous fungal infection Systemic fungal infection

Question 38

What are the 2 gram negative bacilli most commonly association with infection cystic fibrosis pt?

Answer 38

- Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - Pseudomonas cepacia