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HSS 1100- Microbiology > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Bacillus anthracis commonly found?

a. in rice
b. in fish exclusively
c. in animal hides (fur)
d. in human only
e. in certain species of birds

A

c. in animal hides (fur)

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2
Q

Which of the following are NOT traits of mycobacterium?

  • acid-fast Bacterium
  • can grow rapidly on artificial media
  • are Gram-positive cocci
A
  • can grow rapidly on artificial media

- are Gram-positive cocci

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3
Q

Which of the following statements abt syphilis is false?

  • Syphilis is cause by a spirochete bacterium
  • a positive VDRL test much better confirmed by special treponemal antibody tests
  • a non specific test involved cardioipin as an antigen
  • it can be transmitted to the foetus
  • it can be seen microscopically using acid fast
A
  • it can be seen microscopically using acid fast
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4
Q

Which of the following is not a parasitic disease?

  • amoebiasis
  • trichomoniasis
  • giardiasis
  • toxoplasmosis
  • histoplasmosis
A
  • histoplasmosis
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5
Q

Which of the following disease is NOT caused by bacterial exotoxin?

  • botulism
  • enteric fever
  • anthrax
  • tetanus
  • diphtheroa
A
  • enteric fever
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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT a part of the metazoa family?

  • enterobius vermicularis
  • trichinella spiralis
  • anisakis simples
  • schistosoma spp
  • giardia lamblia
A
  • giardia lamblia
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7
Q

to be considered positive, a tuberculin test must show, after 48 hours

A

10 mm or more in diameter

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8
Q

Malaria is caused by which organism?

A

Plasmodium

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9
Q

the bacillus anthracis toxin

  • is made up of 3 separate protein
  • is encoded on the plasmid PXO2
  • is an endotoxin
  • the organism does not make a toxin
A
  • is made up of 3 separate protein
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10
Q

Cats are the hosts of which of the following parasites

  • taenia solium
  • toxoplasma gondii
  • ascaris lumbricoides
  • cyclospora cayetanesis
  • giardia lamblia
A
  • toxoplasma gondii
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11
Q

which of the following is associated with tetanus

  • severe muscle spasms such as lockjaw
  • general muscle weakness
  • gas gangrene
  • bilateral cranial nerve palsies
A
  • severe muscle spasms such as lockjaw
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12
Q

The unique characteristic of having wax-like material in its cell wall structure is a characteristic of

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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13
Q

The most common route of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is through

A

inhalation of contaminated aerosols

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14
Q

Which of the following pathogens is NOT a spore former

  • Clostridium tetani
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Bacillus anthracos
  • Clostridium difficile
  • all of the above are spore formers
A
  • Bordetella pertussis
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15
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

  • is able to cross three protective barriers in human
  • is a non-spore former, gram negative bacillus
  • tolerates cold temp and can grow in the refrigerator
A
  • is able to cross three protective barriers in human

- tolerates cold temp and can grow in the refrigerator

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16
Q

Endotoxins are found

  • in gram positive bacteria exclusively
  • in acid-fast bacteria ie) mycobacterium
  • only in protozoan parasites
  • in gram negative bacteria
  • in parasitic organisms
A
  • in gram negative bacteria
17
Q

Leprosy is

  • caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
  • commonly found in North America
  • caused by an acid- fast bacterium
  • caused by Mycoplasma leprae
  • is caused by a fungal infection that goes untreated
A
  • caused by an acid- fast bacterium
18
Q

Which of the following statements referring to acute gastroenteritis cause by salmonellae, is incorrect?

  • is caused by salmonella typhi
  • is caused by a non-lactose fermenter
  • should generally not be treated w antibiotics
  • have animals as reservoirs
  • is manifested as acute diarrhea
A
  • is caused by salmonella typhi
19
Q

What is correct about legionella pneumophila?

  • is gram negative opportunistic pathogen
  • transmitted via aerosols from person-person
  • grows in water and found in air cooling tanks
A
  • is gram negative opportunistic pathogen

- grows in water and found in air cooling tanks

20
Q

Malaria

  • is characterized by spiking fever
  • may be prevented by vaccination globally
  • can be prevented by vaccination globally
  • is caused by a gram positive bacterium
  • is caused by a gram negative bacterium
A
  • is characterized by spiking fever
21
Q

overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics destroying the normal flora can lead to

  • infection with Legionella spp.
  • infection with Bacillus cereus
  • infection with Bordetella pertussis
  • infection with Haemophilius influenza
  • infection with Clostridium difficile
A

Clostridium difficile

22
Q

Which of the following gram-negative rods is commonly linked to bloodying stool

  • Haemophilus influenza
  • salmonella enteritidis
  • vibrio cholera
  • clostridium tetani
  • shigella sonnei
A
  • shigella sonnei
23
Q

a common opportunistic infection associated w AIDS pts. is caused by:

  • cryptococcus neoformans
  • tinea corporis
  • tinea pedis
  • candida albicans
  • asperigillus Favis
A
  • cryptococcus neoformans
24
Q

The most common route of exposure for tetanus is

A

skin trauma or puncture wound by a contaminated object

25
Q

Gas gangrene is caused by

A

Clostridium perfringens

26
Q

Powdered infant formula is most often associated with

A

Cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazkii)

27
Q

Ulcers are most commonly result of

A

infection with Helicobacter pylori

28
Q

The campylobacter species are

  • anaerobic
  • microaerophilic
  • facultative anaerobes
  • aerobes
  • obligative thermophiles
A
  • microaerophilic
29
Q

Both EMB and MacConkey growth media are

A

selective an differential

30
Q

the organism caused giardiasis is a

  • protozoan
  • retrovirus
  • yeast
  • bacteria
  • spirochete
A
  • protozoan
31
Q

Give an example of a PARASITE that can gain entry into the human host via each of the following modes of transmission. Use a diIerent parasite for each.

  • Waterborne:
  • Foodborne:
  • Sexual contact:
  • Skin penetration:
A
  • Waterborne: cryptosporidiosis
  • Foodborne: cyclosporiasis
  • Sexual contact: trichomonas vaginalis
  • Skin penetration: plasmodium (malaria)
32
Q

List the 4 stages of syphilis infection

A
  1. primary
  2. secondary
  3. latent
  4. late
33
Q

Chlamydia exists as 2 distinct forms during its life cycle. Name these 2 forms and list their roles in their life cycle

A

i) Elementary body: infectious (no replication or growth)

ii) Reticulate body: replication and growth

34
Q
  1. List 4 gram negative bacilli bacteria that do not cause gastrointestinal illness (i.e.,) they are classified as enteric in the notes but cause problems elsewhere in the body
A
  • salmonellae
  • Escherichia coli
  • shigellae
  • enterobacter spp
35
Q

List 2 similarities and 2 differences bt Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani

A

Similarities: Gram positive; spore forming rods, anaerobic

Differences:

  • Clostridium tetanis requires booster every 10 years; causes tetanus
  • Clostridium botulinum causes are from improper canned veg; causes botulism
36
Q

What are the 2 types of toxins produced by C. difficile and what are their elects on the host?

A

Toxic A: causes diarrhea

Toxic B: cytotoxic to colonic cells

37
Q

List the 4 levels of fungal infection starting from the least serious to the most serious symptoms

A

Superficial fungal infection
Cutaneous fungal infection
Subcutaneous fungal infection
Systemic fungal infection

38
Q

What are the 2 gram negative bacilli most commonly association with infection cystic fibrosis pt?

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- Pseudomonas cepacia

HSS 1100- Microbiology (2 decks)

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