midterm. 2

Question 1

Pathogen disgust has a strong ________ function and is uniquely ______, _______ and comes from _______.

Answer 1

association (nausea), human, non social , evolution

Question 2

Systems to prevent pathogens in humans

Answer 2

mouth, oral, skin, anus, genitals, body fluids (tears), hygiene, death, gore

Question 3

What system trumps disgust?

Answer 3

sex and need for reproduction

Question 4

Moral disgust link is b_______, across c______.

Answer 4

bidirectional, across cultures

Question 5

Moralization direction 1 - disgust as INPUT to moral decisions at the individual level; at social level

Answer 5

Indiv: Evolved adaptation for survival and repro, avoids fit cost of condemnation
Social: group fit

Question 6

Example of disgust as input (moral 1) at social level

Answer 6

smoking rules: smoking is disgusting, therefore is morally wrong and societal rules are established

Question 7

Moralization direction 2 - morality as OUTPUT to disgust

Answer 7

Development of a moral intuition, disgust display is a social communication tool- way to regulate violation behavior

Question 8

example of disgust as output (moral 2)

Answer 8

stealing from charity is morally wrong, therefore disgusting

Question 9

mechanisms for development of disgust and examples

Answer 9

REACTIONS of others(modeling to baby not to play with feces), SIMILARITY(generalization to another similar disgusting thing), EVALUATE PAIRING(2 unconditioned stimuli)

Question 10

When does disgust appear in children and what does disgust need to grow?

Answer 10

4-8 yrs, needs inculturation

Question 11

What are the two contamination laws?

Answer 11

Once in contact, always.

If things look similar, they are.

Question 12

Moral agency

Answer 12

Capacity to experience/react to the world in moral terms

Question 13

Moral judgement

Answer 13

Evaluative assessments of experience, includes sense of ought.

Question 14

Moral theories for judgement (3)

Answer 14

Deontological: is ACT right or wrong?
Consequentialist: CONSEQUENCES are the basis for moral judgement
Virtue ethics: moral CHARACTER is basis of judgement.

Question 15

2 ways to think about moral judgement

Answer 15

reflective thought, intuition

Question 16

Likeometer

Answer 16

affective process influencing evaluative judgement (how do I feel about this?)
Quick, unconscious

Question 17

Schnall/Haidt study

Answer 17

fart spray, induce disgust, messy room. Vignettes requiring moral judgement response

Causal relationshp between physical disgust and moral condemnation. Not same reaction with other emtions.
The more sublte the disgust, the bigger affective trigger.

Question 18

Kohlberg - rationalist

Answer 18

Things are wrong because they are punished. (no emotion factor)

Question 19

Link 6

Answer 19

Private reflection - smother the baby

Question 20

Moral dumbfounding

Answer 20

Eat family dog. No good reasons for moral judgeent = its just wrong!

Question 21

Response in SIM can vary due to

Answer 21

temperament, tuning up ability(learning), reasoning ability, IQ

Question 22

Ellard paper (justice motive)

Answer 22

• humans have functional need for justice that is part of normal cog development
• we MUST believe in JW
• diff forms of justice: relatedness to parent, then group same(equality justice) or group different(equity justice).
• sustaining belief: equifinality (can get to JW many ways), substitutability (diff strategies to JW are exchangeable)
• Process considerations in rectifying injustice: situational and person factors, cog capacity
• Protective strategies for JW: ultimate justice reasoning (karma), victims are in a different psyc/phys space (unlike me)
  _ JW in everyday life: visual information online to support good/bad judgements, processing information, recall of the past, imminant justice reasoning (forces keeping it just)
• we apply these same things to self