Midterm 2 Flashcards
D: Adaptive Functioning
how effectively individuals cope with ordinary life demands, and how capable they are of living independently and abiding by community standards
D: Angelman syndrome
- associated with spontaneous abnormality of chromosome 15
- usually associated with moderate to severe ID
- behaviour characterized by ataxia, jerky movements, hand flapping, seizures, and absence of speech
- facial features- large jaw and open mouth expression
D: Cultural-Familial Group
- a subgroup of ID where there is no clear organic cause
- often associated with mild to moderate ID
D: Developmental Versus Difference Controversy
- Asks the question: Do all children, regardless of intellectual impairments, progress through developmental milestones in a similar sequence, but at different rates? Or do they develop in a different, less sequential, less organized fashion?
D: Difference Viewpoint
- argues that cognitive development of children with ID differed from that of children without ID in more than rate and upper limit
- There is something qualitatively different about processing in ID children
D: Down Syndrome
Most common disorder resulting from chromosome abnormalities
- caused by have 3 chromosome 21’s instead of 2
D: Severe Intellectual Disability
- consists of 2% of ID
- generally suffer from one or more organic causes
- markedly delayed and identified early
- may have other health related issues as well
- Require special assistance throughout the life
- Most live well in communities when older, unless they need special health care, but cannot perform vocational skills
D: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol
- FASD is an umbrella term that covers the spectrum of possible outcomes
- FAS is the most severe form, and is a leading known cause of ID
- estimated to occur in 6-9 in 1000 school aged children
- Characterized by CNS disfunction, abnormal facial features, and growth retardation
D: Fragile X Syndrome
- the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and the most common genetic cause of autism
- affects about 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 8000 females
- physical features-large forehead, prominent jaw, low protruding ears
- ID and behaviour problems occur more frequently in men than women
D: Similar Structure Hypothesis
argues that
D: Genotype
- a collection of genes that pertain to certain area
D: Heritability
- the proportion of the variation of a trait attributable to genetic influence in the population
- can range from 0% to 100%
D: Inclusion Movement
- in USA
- gives children with ID the option of being educated in regular classroom settings regardless of the severity of the disability
D: Nondisjunction
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D: Organic Group
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D: Nondisjunction
- the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
- most common cause of down syndrome
D: Organic Group
- a subgroup of children with ID who have a clear biological cause
- Often associated with severe and profound ID
D: Phenotype
- the way a genotype is expressed in their environment
D: Prader-Willi Syndrome
- complex genetic disorder associated with spontaneous abnormality of chromosome 15
- physical traits- short stature, ID or LD, incomplete sexual development, low muscle tone, and urge to eat constantly
- affects 5-10 of 100 000 births
D: Self-Instructional Training
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D: Residential Care
- an out of home placement which may be beneficial for some children with ID
D: Self-Injurious Behaviour
- causing harm to self
- can be very serious and sometimes life-threatening
- affects 1/5 children with ID
D: Self-Instructional Training
- teaches children to use verbal cues, initially taught, to process information, keep themselves on task, and remind themselves how to approach a new task
Prenatal Biomedical Risk Factors for ID
- Chromosomal Disorders
- Single-gene disorders
- Syndromes
- Metabolic Disorders
- Cerebral Dysgenesis
- Maternal Illness
- Parental Age
Prenatal Social Risk Factors for ID
- Poverty
- Maternal Malnutrition
- Domestic Violence
- Lack of Access to Prenatal Care
Prenatal Behavioural Risk Factors for ID
- Parental drug use
- Parental alcohol use
- Parental smoking
- Parental immaturity
Prenatal Educational Risk Factors for ID
- Parental cognitive disability without support
2. Lack of preparation for parenthood
Perinatal Biomedical Risk Factors for ID
- Prematurity
- Birth Injury
- Neonatal disorders
Perinatal Social Risk Factors for ID
- Lack of access to prenatal care
Perinatal Behavioural Risk Factors for ID
- Parental rejection of caretaking
2. Parental abandonment of child
Perinatal Educational Risk Factors for ID
- Lack of medical referral for intervention services at discharge
Postnatal Biomedical Risk Factors for ID
- Traumatic brain injury
- Malnutrition
- meningoencephalitis
- seizure disorders
- degenerative disorders
Postnatal Social Risk Factors for ID
- Impaired child-caregiver interaction
- lack of adequate stimulation
- family poverty
- chronic illness in the family
- institutionalization
Postnatal Behavioural Risk Factors for ID
- child abuse and neglect
- domestic violence
- inadequate safety measures
- social deprivation
- difficult child behaviours
Postnatal Educational Risk Factors for ID
- Impaired parenting
- delayed diagnosis
- inadequate early intervention services
- inadequate special education services
- inadequate family support
