Midterm 2 Flashcards
Bone Density Studies
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bone scan
A nuclear imaging procedure where tiny amount of radioactive materials are injected into a vein and then scanned
Computer Tomography (CT)
And imaging technique that involves taking a series of x-rays I different angles from which the computer construct a cross-sectional image
Computer-Aided Detection
Automatically reads radiographic scans immediately, before the radiologist reads them
Cone Beam CT (CBCT)
More precisely focuses a beam of radiation on the tumor; can be attached to the machine delivering radiation, creating three-dimensional images so that doctors can compare the latest images with earlier images they used to play in the treatment
Cyber Knife
A device that compensates for patient movement and can be used to treat brain and spinal tumors with radiosurgery
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
A new MRI related imaging techniques; it shows the white matter of the brain, the connections between parts of the brain, so that bees are not damage doing surgery
Digital Imaging and Communications in medicine (DICOM)
The standard communication protocols of imaging devices are called DICOM
Dual X-ray Absorptiometry DEXA) scan
Is special kind of low radiation x-ray that shows changes in the rays intensity after passing through bone; doctors can see small changes in bone density from the amount of change in the x-ray
Focused Ultrasound Surgery
A
Functional MRIs (fMRIs)
Measures small metabolic Changes in an active part of the brain. FMRI identifies brain activity by changes in blood oxygen
Gamma Knife Surgery
Lovely surgery using a gamma knife
Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) (IRIS)
He linear Excelerator that “shapes and berries the intensity of radiation beams”
Interventional Radiation
The use of the tools of radiology to treat conditions that once required surgery
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
And imaging technique that uses computer technology to produce images of soft tissue within the body that could not be pictured by traditional x-rays; can produce images of the inside of bones; uses computers and a very strong magnetic field and radio waves to generate mathematical data from which an image is constructed
Nanotechnology
A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nano technology works with minuscule materials to the size of Adams and molecules. It holds promise for regenerative medicine
Nuclear imaging/medicine
A
Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS)
Manage digital images, digital images are immediately available on the monitor and can be shared over a network
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
And imaging technique that uses radio isotope technology to increase a picture of the Body ’ in action’ uses computers to construct images from the omission of positive electrons by radioactive substances administered to the patient
Radiation Therapy
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Scientific Visualization
The process of graphically representing the results of numerical calculations
Sing-photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
And imaging technique that, like the PET scan, shows movement; less precise and less expensive than a PET
Sonography
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Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Gamma knife surgery; used to treat brain tumor’s
Ultrafast CT
Variation of the traditional CT scan; maybe used in place of a coronary angiogram to examine coronary artery blockages. Compared to a coronary angiogram, the ultrafast CT is a painless, last dangerous, non-invasive, and less expensive
Ultrasound
And imaging technique that uses no radiation; uses very high-frequency sound waves and the echoes they produce when they hit an object to generate information that is used by a computer to create a two dimensional moving image on a screen; used to examine a moving fetus, to study bloodflow, and to diagnose gallstones and prostate disease
X-Ray
A traditional imaging technique that uses high-energy an electromagnetic waves to produce a two dimensional picture on film; does not produce good images of all organs and cannot see behind bones
Aquarius
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Artificial Intelligence
(AI)-The branch of computer science that sneaks to make computer simulate human intelligence
Augmented reality
Enhanced reality surgery makes use of computer generated image read to provide the surgeon with information that would otherwise be unavailable; these images maybe either fused with the image on the monitor or projected directly onto the patient’s body during the operation, allowing the doctor to virtually see inside the patient
(AESOP)
Automated endoscope system for optimal positioning
Computer-assisted surgery
Makes use of computers, your bonnet devices, and/or computer-generated images in the planning and caring out of surgical procedures
CoreValve
Currently in clinical trials; used in minimally invasive heart surgery; made of a special alloy and hard material from a pig; threaded through the blood vessels to theAortic valve using x-rayed guidance; once and planted, and expense it becomes an entirely new valve
Da Vinci
Robot was first cleared for assisting in surgery in 1997, for performing some surgeries in 2000, and for performing cardiac surgery, such as mitral valve repair in November 2002; he performs minimally invasive surgeries
Distance (or telepresence) surgery
Surgery performed by robotics devices controlled by surgeons at another site
Endoluminal surgery
One form of mental Melanie invasive robotic surgery is called endoluminal surgery. And a luminal surgery does not require incisions. It is also called natural or for surgery
Endoscope
I thin tube with a light source to Either allows a direct view into the body where is connected into a minuscule camera the projects an image on the surgical site on to a monitor
(GERD)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
HERMEs
And FDA cleared computer operating system that controls all the electronic equipment in the operating room, coordinating the endoscope and robotic services
Image-guided surgery
Surgery and guided by computer-generated images of the surgical field, not direct view
Laser
Delivers light energy. There are several uses of lasers in dentistry. Low level leaders can find pets into thin them that maybe can cavities. The FDA has a print laser machines for drilling and filling cavities; lasers also reduce the bacteria in the cavity; lasers are also used in surgery they do lasers
LASIK
Are you surgery that uses lasers to correct vision or changing the shape of the cornea
MINERVA
A robot developed perform stereotactic narrow surgical procedures
Minimally invasive surgery
(MIS)- Surgery performed three small incisions
Nanotechnology
Nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nano technology works with minuscule materials the size of Adams and molecules it holds promise for a regenerative medicine
Radio frequency identification tags
(RFID)- Radiofrequency identification tags are becoming more and more common. Our FID tax can be incorporated into products; they receive and send a wireless signal
ROBODOC
A computer controlled, image directed robot used in hip replacement surgery
Robots
A programmable Machine that can manipulate its environment
Telepresence surgery (distance surgery)
Surgery performed by robotic to maces controlled by surgeons at another site
Socrates
System that allows long distance mentoring of surgeons in real time
SpineAssist
A robot that can be clamped on the patients back; doctors take a picture of where the spine surgery will take place in the computer plans the robots path; you’re a bot creates a three-dimensional map of a patient’s pain, making it possible for the surgeons to plan‘ exactly where to place pins or make incisions‘; following the path, SpineAssist drills into the patients vertebrae
Virtual Environment
Technology used to provide surgeons with realistic accurate models on which to teach surgery and plan and practice operations
Virtual Reality
(VR)- Technology that allows the computer to create an environment that seems real but it’s not; used in planning and teaching surgical and other procedures
ZUES
Robotic surgical system that will make possible minimally Invasive microsurgery; has three interactive robotic arms, one of which holds the endoscope, whereas the other to manipulate the surgical instrument; the surgeon, sitting at a consul, controls them; includes a feedback system set the surgeon’ feels’ the tissue
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS) A I D ass ataxia mean system, leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infection
Antibiotic resistance
The condition where certain bacteria no longer respond to antibiotics
Carbapenem-resistant Klebisella pneumonia
(CRKP)
Deepwater Horizon oil spill
On April 28, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded in the golf of Mexico immediately killing 11 human beings; I’m on the first affects what’s the spell of tens of thousands of barrels of oil a day into the goal, effectively polluting the water, damaging the shoreline, and killing wild life; the spell was not stopped for 85 days
Epidemic
Excess in the number of cases of a given health problem
Epidemiology
The study of diseases in populations by collecting and analyzing statistical data
Global warming
Our planet is warming, and we are helping to make it happen by adding more heat trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere. Global warming is already having a devastating effect on the earth and on human health: more intense heat waves lead to more heat related deaths. Asthma and eczema in children and adults have been linked to global warming
Global warming
A
Human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) The virus that causes AIDS
Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study
(MIDAS) A collaboration of research and informatics groups to develop computational models of the interactions between infectious agents and their house, disease spread, production systems, in response strategies, according to the NIH
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) A staphylococcal infection resistant to many antibiotics
New Delhi metallic-beta-lactamase-1
(NDM-1) An enzyme that makes factory resistant to antibiotics
National electronic disease surveillance system
(NEDSS) Part of the public health information network will promote integrated surveillance systems they can transfer a public health, laboratory and clinical data over the Internet. This would be a national electronic surveillance system that would allow epidemics to be identified quickly
Pandemic
A global disease outbreak to which everyone is susceptible
Polio
Hey contagious virus that can cause paralysis and even death. It became very rare in the United States in the second half of the 20th century
Public health
Is where the largest numbers of lives are saved, usually by understanding the epidemiology of a disease it’s patterns, where and how it emerges in spreads in attacking Aida it’s weak points. This can lead to prevention by means of public health measures like better sanitation or providing cleaner water. It can also lead to the development and widespread distribution of vaccinations
Public health informatics
Supports public health practice and research with information technology
SATTELIFE
Founded in 1989, it’s purpose was to deliver a journalist and other information to healthcare workers in developing areas
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS) A form of pneumonia caused by a virus that was identified in 2003; leads to difficulty in breathing and can cause death
Simulations
Computers can create what if scenarios or simulations of what would happen to an infectious disease of something else happened
Superbugs
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Syndromic surveillance
Uses health related theater that pristine diagnosis and signal is sufficient probability of a case or an outbreak
Tsunami
Hey Siri some traveling ocean waves of extremely long length generated by disturbances associated primarily with the earthquakes occur and below are near the ocean floor
Vaccination
Protect people against infection
Vector-borne disease
Is the disease transmitted through human or animal host by a tech, mosquito, or other arthropod that carries the bacteria or virus. According to the CDC, vectorborne diseases are merging and reemerging
West Nile virus
First appeared in the 1930s; it is the form of encephalitis or brain inflammation; it cycles between mosquitoes in burned; infected birds one fact mosquitoes, which and spread the disease to humans; can be diagnosed by MRIs
What-if scenarios
Computers can create what if scenarios or simulations of what would happen to infectious disease if something else happened
WHONET
An information system developed to support the world health organization school of global surveillance of bacteria resistance to a microbial agents
World Health Organization
(WHO) There directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system
1000 Genomes Project
To provide a comprehensive public resource that supports researching aiming to study genetic variation that might cause human disease. It seems to integrate data on all types of variation that might cause human disease.
Adverse drug reactions
A
Antisense technology
One experimental technology used to develop drugs to shut off disease causing genes
Barcodes
Direct entry scanning input device; reach the universal product code (UPC)
Bioinformatics
The application of information technology to biology
Biotechnology
Discipline that sees the human body is a collection of molecules and seeks to understand and treat disease in terms of these molecules
Clinical decision support
(CDS) Oh see your pride to ask clinical decision support systems; computer programs also called expert systems that help healthcare professionals in making diagnoses and analyzing patient data
Computerized physician order entry system
(CPOE) Adopter enters a prescription electronically and it is checked against the hospital database of patients allergies and drug interactions
Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) Federal agency and the department of health and human services in charge of reviewing, approving, and regulating the purity of food and the safety and effectiveness of drugs
Human Genome Program
(HGP) International project began in 1998 seeking to understand the human genetic make up; defined the location of 100,000 or so human genes; and to read the entire genetic script, all 3 billion bits of information, by year 2005
Medication reconciliation
Concerns identifying the most accurate list of a patient’s medications
PDUFA
(Prescription drug user fee act renewed in 1997, 2002, and 2007)
Physiology project
Contract attempting to develop accurate and complete human physiological models, which may in the future be used as stimulated patience and drug trials
Radio frequency identification tags
(RFID) tags Radiofrequency identification tags are becoming more and more common. RFID tags can be incorporated into products; they receive and send a wireless signal
Rational drug design
I technique that uses computers tomorrow molecules and develop chemical compounds that will bind to the target molecule and in Hibbett are stimulated; used in the development of drugs that are used for Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, and AIDS
How has did you know technology can current imaging techniques?
Digital can store and look at images on another computer.
What are the advantages to a digital x-ray?
A digital x-ray can immediately make x-rays available and exposes patients to less radiation
What are the uses of ultrasounds?
Prenatal imaging, rehab, diagnosing cancer, and diagnosing gallstones.
What does the new CT scans do?
Uses x-rays at many angles to scan soft tissue
What do you new MRIs do?
Uses a magnetic field to view soft tissue
What do you new functional MRIs do?
Measure small metabolic changes and is focused in one area
What does a new PET scan to?
Uses radioisotope technology To image the brain in motion
What can a new SPECT scan do?
a single photon emission uses gamma radiation to scan blood flow and movement
What are types of Interventional radiology? What do they do?
Gamma Knife surgery and Cyberknife surgery
Gamma Knife treats brain tumors with highly focused radiation
what is NEEMO?
NASA mission where a group of scientists love in an underwater sea lab named Aquarius. Trial to use wireless technology and robotics and have people with no medical background do procedures with use of tele doctors.
