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Frst271 Roads > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is trailertracking

A

When there is overhang on the front of the vehicle that makes the need for a wider turn radius and road width

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2
Q

L=

A

Length of curve

10(I)/D

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3
Q

T=

A

Subtanget

Rtan(I/2)

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4
Q

C=

A

Long chord

Just straight line from BC to EC

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5
Q

PI

A

Point of intersection of the tangents

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6
Q

I=

A

Intersection angle

The change in bearing overall

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7
Q

Dm=

A

Metric degree of curvature for each chord

573/R

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8
Q

D/2=

A

The first and last turn angle in a road curve

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9
Q

Dnew=

A

Chordlength/10 * Dm

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10
Q

Chordnew=

A

L (length curve) / desired number of chords

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11
Q

What kind of terrain is needed for switchback?

A

Wide area (+-) 40m,

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12
Q

Why do we draw profiles?

A

Catch mistakes before building road

Instructions for the road crew

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13
Q

what is a p line

A

First traversed line

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14
Q

What is an L line?

A

Final road location after design corrections

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15
Q

Two types of road plans

A

Plan view (horizontal) amd profile view (verticle)

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16
Q

How many times is the profile road plan exaggerated on the vertical axis?

A

10 times

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17
Q

Things a profile might show

A 
Ground line
L line
Culverts
Material types
Side slopes
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18
Q

A cross section might have…

A 
Top of cut
Bottom of cut
Road centre line
Surface width
Roadway width
Subgrade
Basecourse
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19
Q

The three tasks of site prep for road building

A

Clearing (woody debris and overburden)
Grubbing (stumps and such)
Stripping (clearing the cut)
Withan excavator

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20
Q

What about excavation in road building?

A

Thats move material after site prep, like rock other material (organics)

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21
Q

Materials for road building

A

No organics
Rock (which might need blasting or ripping)
Other material includes gravel and sand)

22
Q

Unstabalized grade

A

Construction of roadway before surfacing

23
Q

Grading as a term in road building

A

Rough excavation to form roadbed

24
Q

Surfacing or ballasting

A

Creating running surface

25
Q

What is the mof atandards for class 5 roads?

A

5m stabalizaed width
.5m ditch depth
20m clearing width

26
Q

Bank volume, loose volume and compacted volume

A

This rfers to the expansion and compaction factors of materials

27
Q

What is the organic matter compaction factor?

A

0.75

Meaning 1cubic meter of om will fill a 0.75 cubic meter hole

28
Q

What two things happen when you blast rock from a hillside?

A

Overbreak and expansion (1.15 factor)

29
Q

How much of a grade change can you have in 10m distance?

A

3%

30
Q

How do you determine avergage grade and the cut for a certain grade

A

Find the Difference in Elevation for each HD length using the slope percent.then add them and divde by total HD for average slope

To get the cut, find the DE by multiplying the total HD by desired grade percent, and the diffference between that and the ground DE is the cut

31
Q

How much sediment in streams is due to roads?

A

80%

32
Q

Key things to remember in culvert design

A

Maintain surface drainage patterns

Ditches and crossdrains Should not discharge directly into streams

33
Q

Building more roads uphill

A

Direct more groundwater into surface water and culverts downhill need to be larger

34
Q

The three things to keep in mind if you wa t a stable road

A

Keep natural drainage patters
Have properly sized culverts
Redistribute water back onto hillsides with cross drain culverts

35
Q

Water strategies

A 
1 culvert every stream
2.vary crossdrain frequency with road grade and erodability
3 outsloperoads
4 ditchless roads
5 avoid steepsidehills and big cuts
6 overland roads
7. Avoid long continuous grades
8 armour ditches
36
Q

Different between bridge and culvert

A

Culvert covered with soil and below road surface

Crossdrain culverts dont go into streams, just one side road to another

37
Q

How big is a major culvert

A

2000mm or greater

38
Q

What kinds of crossings can forest techs build?

A

Single spans less that 6m and

39
Q

What is recurrence period?

A

Time interval between events

40
Q

The Q100 is

A

Three times the area of a stream

41
Q

Q10=

A

CiA*360
C- coefficient of runoff
I- rainfall intensity
A- drainage area

42
Q

How do you get q100 then?

A

Q10*1.6

43
Q

When you find I…

A

Add 10%

44
Q

What HW clearance does jim like to use?

A

80%

45
Q

Feric (forest engineering research institute of canada) realized what caused slowness of trucking time?

A

1- loading time as a function of piece size
2- truck types didnt matter much
3- road standard has big impact
4- road conditions and knowinf there were delays at landings caused slowing down
5- 10ft bunks least cost for them

46
Q

How can one increase productivity wit trucks?

A 
Good dispatching
Correct number of trucks
Load to full capacity
Improve roads
Trade off between road costs and trucking costs
47
Q

How might trucks brake on hills?

A

Below 18% with engine retarder

Service brakes above 18%

48
Q

What is brake fade?

A

Whem the brake drum expands after excessive braking due to heat

49
Q

The three key parameters in efficient and safe braking

A

Length of grade
Steepness of grade
Traction conditions (13% limit in ice or snow)

50
Q

The largest vehicles on forest roads

A

Lowbeds and yarders

Not trucks

Frst271 Roads (2 decks)

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