Midterm 1

Question 1

The 7 steps in the panning procedure

Answer 1

1. Gather background info
2. Do the initial design in steps on paper
3. Run grades in field
4. Straighten as needed with centreline and curves
5. Detailed survey
6. Detailed plans and profiles
7. Modify if needed

Question 2

What kinds of design specs do road standards set limits to?

Answer 2

Subgrade and surface width
Curvature
Vertical curvature
Favourable and adverse grades
Density of turnouts, lanes and surface materials
Uses classes I-V (I - highway, V- goat trail)

Question 3

What is the difference between all weather and summer roads? Which are on the woodlot?

Answer 3

All weather roads are surfaced, woodlot has mostly summer roads

Question 4

What two categories are permanent roads put in?

Answer 4

Main or secondary

Based on volume and use, safety and speed

Question 5

Spur roads are designed for..

Answer 5

The harvesting system efficiency and type

Question 6

What are the typical spur road standards?

Answer 6

6m subgrade width
5m surface width
20m curve radias
18% max favourable
10% max adverse

Question 7

What are the road gradients suggested for a 5-6m wide road?

Answer 7

14% favourable for

Question 8

What are the four factors to consider in deciding on a road standard?

Answer 8

Trucking cost
Road construction cost
Road maintenance cost
Interest cost

Question 9

What are the typical ideal hauling distances for…

A wheeled grapple skidder, a loader-forwarder, a horse, highlead, dropline swing yarder

Answer 9

200m, 120m, 80m, 200m, 300m

Question 10

What does a good road put into consideration?

Answer 10

Within distance for yarding system
Appropriate location for equipment
Meets standard for grade, alignment, width, strength
Consider more than just immediate cut
Meets enviro standards

Question 11

Low roads on hill to minimize adverse are good for….

High roads for uphill yarding…

Answer 11

Skidding or forwarding

High lead or skyline

Question 12

Two basic rules for ground based system…

Answer 12

Cant have a high cut bank

Ground adjacent must be free of obstacles

Question 13

One basic rule for cable logging…

Answer 13

They are limited by deflection

Question 14

Control points… Rock bluff is a ___ cp while a bench is a ____ cp

Answer 14

Negative

Positive

Question 15

Other control points might be…

Answer 15

Saddles, property boundaries, stream crossings, rock, unstable areas, switchbacks

Question 16

If a road location cant be found….

Answer 16

Try a different harvesting system

Question 17

What do you choose first, road or harvesting system?

Answer 17

Harvesting system

Question 18

What specifies the right of way?

Answer 18

The road permit - but its typically 20m

Question 19

What are some potential sources of grade line errors?

Answer 19

Clino damage
Partner not visible
Misreading
Shortcut across ridge or creek
Not standing on ground (log)

Question 20

C=

Answer 20

2xpixR

Question 21

Purpose of leveling

Answer 21

To get accurate elevations to aid in design in roads, bridges, camps, borrow pits, contour maps

Question 22

HI=

Answer 22

BM elevation + BS

Question 23

Elevation=

Answer 23

HI-FS

Question 24

Rod readings are taken to the…

Answer 24

Nearest mm, or three decimal places

Question 25

What are the headings for leveling notes, in order left to right

Answer 25

Sta., BS, HI, FS, IFS, Elev.

Question 26

Error check and math check calcs?

Answer 26

DE= sum of FS- Sum of BS

Then write down the error (BM- EOT)

Question 27

What is the goal of a forest road engineer?

Answer 27

To minimize combined cost of yarding, skidding, road construction, maintenance and trucking