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CSE 122 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are search engines?

A

Special types of software designed to help find information stored in databases or websites.

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2
Q

What are spiders?

A

A software robot that collects information about what you search

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3
Q

What are the three basic tasks search engines perform?

A
  1. They search the internet (based on important words)
  2. They make an index of words they find and where they find them
  3. They allow users to look for words or combos of those words in the index
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4
Q

What does a web spider do?

A
  1. Builds list of words and notes where they were found
  2. Builds index based on on its own system of weighting
  3. Encodes the data to save space
  4. Stores data for users to access
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5
Q

How do spiders work?

A

Spiders begins with a popular site, indexing the words on the page and following every link within the site. The spider then spreads across the widely used portions of the web.

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6
Q

What are the networked search process advantages?

A

Faster-uses local computing power

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7
Q

What are the web based search process disadvantages?

A

Slower- web based

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8
Q

What are the networked search process disadvantages?

A

Data outside not available

Software must be updated periodically

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9
Q

What are the web based search process advantages?

A

Outside data available by clicking hyperlink

updates are done by web master

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10
Q

What does quoting phrases do in search processing?

A

Words are searched in that specific order which narrows the search

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11
Q

Which boolean operator makes all the words joined by it appear in the pages and documents?

A

AND or +

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12
Q

Which boolean operator makes at least one of the term joined by it appear in the pages or document?

A

OR

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13
Q

Which boolean operator makes the terms after it not appear in the pages or document?

A

NOT or -

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14
Q

Which boolean operator makes one term come right after another term?

A

FOLLOWED BY

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15
Q

Which boolean operator makes a term appear within a specific amount of words away from the other?

A

NEAR

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16
Q

Which boolean operator treats the word sequence as a phrase?

A

Quotation mark

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17
Q

What are some advanced search features?

A 
Boolean operators
Date limits
author limits
language limits
file format limits
Limit search to specific databases
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18
Q

What do you look for when evaluating the credibility of search results?

A

Author
Objectivity
Quality
Appearance

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19
Q

Search engine technology only as good as the users using them. T or F

A

True

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20
Q

Errors in primary databases propagate to secondary databases. T or F

A

True

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21
Q

What are intelligent agents?

A

Search engines with advanced pattern-matching capabilities. (take simple into complex concept searches)

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22
Q

When are intelligent agents used?

A

When vocabulary may not be consistent.

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23
Q

What is a concept search?

A

Search based on concept of key words not just the words themselves.
(can search a list of synonyms or infer relationships between keywords)

24
Q

What is a pre-linked gateway to databases selected by the portal designer?

A

Portal

25
Q

How do portals make excellent use of intelligent agents?

A

A search engine designer can design software to fit databases included in portals.

26
Q

What enhances browser features, auto form-filling, searching within a document, dictionary tools, visual previews of web pages, and favorites?

A

Browser extensions

27
Q

What is data visualization?

A

A way of displaying data that is visually simple and easy to interpret. (chart or graph)

28
Q

What areas in bioinformatics need data visualization?

A
  1. sequence visualization
  2. user interface development
  3. protein structure visualization
  4. compliment to numerical analysis
  5. statistical analysis
29
Q

Nucleotides are dynamic. T or F?

A

False, nucleotide sequences which are static, proteins are dynamic.

30
Q

What is the primary activity of structural visualization?

A

visualizing 3D structure of proteins

31
Q

what is rendering a 3D protein structure?

A

Computationally intensive

32
Q

Does the greater rendering capabilities of a program

A

gdh

33
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Fallopian tubes

34
Q

What is a zygote?

A

When the sperm and egg combine

35
Q

After the zygote undergoes cell division, we have…

A

a morula

36
Q

What does a morula develop into?

A

A blastocyst with the inner cell mass inside

37
Q

What is a trophoblast? and what is it used for?

A

The ring of cells on the outside of blastocyst, used for protection of the embryo from the mothers body.

38
Q

Where do scientist harbor embryonic stem cells?

A

The inner cell mass (7-10 days after conception)

39
Q

What is totipotent?

A

A cell that can become anything

40
Q

What is pluripotent?

A

A cell that become anything except a trophoblast

41
Q

What is multipotent?

A

A cell that is either endo, ecto or mesoderm (it is differentiated but can become anything in its general category)

42
Q

What does ectoderm become?

A

Epidermis (outer layer of skin), Brain Spinal cord

43
Q

What does mesoderm become?

A

Bones, muscle, dermis lower layers, blood, connective tissue

44
Q

What does endoderm become?

A

Lining of guts and associated organs

45
Q

Where can one get the embryonic cells?

A

Unused embryos from fertility clinics and Wharton’s Jelly on the placenta (this is safer because no embryo is harmed)

46
Q

Where can adult stem cells be harvested?

A

Fat tissue, skin, spinal fluid, heart cells, liver brain, bone marrow, teeth

47
Q

Knowledge discovery process consists of:

A
  1. Selection and Sampling
  2. Processing and cleaning
  3. Transformation and reduction
  4. Data mining methods
  5. Evaluation
  6. Visualization
  7. Designing new queries
48
Q

What is data mining?

A

A repetitive process in which processes are modified to support new hypotheses suggested by data.
A way to discover new relationships in data

49
Q

When are databases useful?

A

When they are categorized/organized.

50
Q

T or F. If the database is large it is impossible to specify a relationship query exactly

A

True

51
Q

___ displays pre-computed data that can be accessed and analyzed as needed to illustrate certain findings or relationships – uses fixed data.

A

Animation

52
Q

____ dynamic computational interaction of user with a program that reevaluates the underlying data and renders the results– uses dynamic data.

A

Simulation

53
Q

What are the 4 user interfaces?

A

Physical
Graphical
Logical
Intelligent

54
Q

What is a physical interface?

A

Monitors, haptic controls (like mouse or things you use your hands to respond to), speech synthesizers, complex mechanisms

55
Q

What is graphical interface?

A

Everything displayed on the monitor

56
Q

What is a logical user interface?

A

Rules, guidelines and standards of interface behavior, such as how the interface should display the image

57
Q

What is the intelligent interface?

A

Relied on a variety of pattern recognition techniques to adapt to user behavior

CSE 122 (2 decks)

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