Midterm 2

Question 1

What are search engines?

Answer 1

Special types of software designed to help find information stored in databases or websites.

Question 2

What are spiders?

Answer 2

A software robot that collects information about what you search

Question 3

What are the three basic tasks search engines perform?

Answer 3

1. They search the internet (based on important words)
2. They make an index of words they find and where they find them
3. They allow users to look for words or combos of those words in the index

Question 4

What does a web spider do?

Answer 4

1. Builds list of words and notes where they were found
2. Builds index based on on its own system of weighting
3. Encodes the data to save space
4. Stores data for users to access

Question 5

How do spiders work?

Answer 5

Spiders begins with a popular site, indexing the words on the page and following every link within the site. The spider then spreads across the widely used portions of the web.

Question 6

What are the networked search process advantages?

Answer 6

Faster-uses local computing power

Question 7

What are the web based search process disadvantages?

Answer 7

Slower- web based

Question 8

What are the networked search process disadvantages?

Answer 8

Data outside not available

Software must be updated periodically

Question 9

What are the web based search process advantages?

Answer 9

Outside data available by clicking hyperlink

updates are done by web master

Question 10

What does quoting phrases do in search processing?

Answer 10

Words are searched in that specific order which narrows the search

Question 11

Which boolean operator makes all the words joined by it appear in the pages and documents?

Answer 11

AND or +

Question 12

Which boolean operator makes at least one of the term joined by it appear in the pages or document?

Answer 12

OR

Question 13

Which boolean operator makes the terms after it not appear in the pages or document?

Answer 13

NOT or -

Question 14

Which boolean operator makes one term come right after another term?

Answer 14

FOLLOWED BY

Question 15

Which boolean operator makes a term appear within a specific amount of words away from the other?

Answer 15

NEAR

Question 16

Which boolean operator treats the word sequence as a phrase?

Answer 16

Quotation mark

Question 17

What are some advanced search features?

Answer 17

Boolean operators
Date limits
author limits
language limits
file format limits
Limit search to specific databases

Question 18

What do you look for when evaluating the credibility of search results?

Answer 18

Author
Objectivity
Quality
Appearance

Question 19

Search engine technology only as good as the users using them. T or F

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Errors in primary databases propagate to secondary databases. T or F

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What are intelligent agents?

Answer 21

Search engines with advanced pattern-matching capabilities. (take simple into complex concept searches)

Question 22

When are intelligent agents used?

Answer 22

When vocabulary may not be consistent.

Question 23

What is a concept search?

Answer 23

Search based on concept of key words not just the words themselves.
(can search a list of synonyms or infer relationships between keywords)

Question 24

What is a pre-linked gateway to databases selected by the portal designer?

Answer 24

Portal

Question 25

How do portals make excellent use of intelligent agents?

Answer 25

A search engine designer can design software to fit databases included in portals.

Question 26

What enhances browser features, auto form-filling, searching within a document, dictionary tools, visual previews of web pages, and favorites?

Answer 26

Browser extensions

Question 27

What is data visualization?

Answer 27

A way of displaying data that is visually simple and easy to interpret. (chart or graph)

Question 28

What areas in bioinformatics need data visualization?

Answer 28

1. sequence visualization 2. user interface development 3. protein structure visualization 4. compliment to numerical analysis 5. statistical analysis

Question 29

Nucleotides are dynamic. T or F?

Answer 29

False, nucleotide sequences which are static, proteins are dynamic.

Question 30

What is the primary activity of structural visualization?

Answer 30

visualizing 3D structure of proteins

Question 31

what is rendering a 3D protein structure?

Answer 31

Computationally intensive

Question 32

Does the greater rendering capabilities of a program

Answer 32

gdh

Question 33

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 33

Fallopian tubes

Question 34

What is a zygote?

Answer 34

When the sperm and egg combine

Question 35

After the zygote undergoes cell division, we have...

Answer 35

a morula

Question 36

What does a morula develop into?

Answer 36

A blastocyst with the inner cell mass inside

Question 37

What is a trophoblast? and what is it used for?

Answer 37

The ring of cells on the outside of blastocyst, used for protection of the embryo from the mothers body.

Question 38

Where do scientist harbor embryonic stem cells?

Answer 38

The inner cell mass (7-10 days after conception)

Question 39

What is totipotent?

Answer 39

A cell that can become anything

Question 40

What is pluripotent?

Answer 40

A cell that become anything except a trophoblast

Question 41

What is multipotent?

Answer 41

A cell that is either endo, ecto or mesoderm (it is differentiated but can become anything in its general category)

Question 42

What does ectoderm become?

Answer 42

Epidermis (outer layer of skin), Brain Spinal cord

Question 43

What does mesoderm become?

Answer 43

Bones, muscle, dermis lower layers, blood, connective tissue

Question 44

What does endoderm become?

Answer 44

Lining of guts and associated organs

Question 45

Where can one get the embryonic cells?

Answer 45

Unused embryos from fertility clinics and Wharton's Jelly on the placenta (this is safer because no embryo is harmed)

Question 46

Where can adult stem cells be harvested?

Answer 46

Fat tissue, skin, spinal fluid, heart cells, liver brain, bone marrow, teeth

Question 47

Knowledge discovery process consists of:

Answer 47

1. Selection and Sampling 2. Processing and cleaning 3. Transformation and reduction 4. Data mining methods 5. Evaluation 6. Visualization 7. Designing new queries

Question 48

What is data mining?

Answer 48

A repetitive process in which processes are modified to support new hypotheses suggested by data. A way to discover new relationships in data

Question 49

When are databases useful?

Answer 49

When they are categorized/organized.

Question 50

T or F. If the database is large it is impossible to specify a relationship query exactly

Answer 50

True

Question 51

___ displays pre-computed data that can be accessed and analyzed as needed to illustrate certain findings or relationships -- uses fixed data.

Answer 51

Animation

Question 52

____ dynamic computational interaction of user with a program that reevaluates the underlying data and renders the results-- uses dynamic data.

Answer 52

Simulation

Question 53

What are the 4 user interfaces?

Answer 53

Physical Graphical Logical Intelligent

Question 54

What is a physical interface?

Answer 54

Monitors, haptic controls (like mouse or things you use your hands to respond to), speech synthesizers, complex mechanisms

Question 55

What is graphical interface?

Answer 55

Everything displayed on the monitor

Question 56

What is a logical user interface?

Answer 56

Rules, guidelines and standards of interface behavior, such as how the interface should display the image

Question 57

What is the intelligent interface?

Answer 57

Relied on a variety of pattern recognition techniques to adapt to user behavior