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CSE 122 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The computational branch of molecular biology is?

A

Bioinformatics

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2
Q

How is bioinformatics used?

A 
Medical security/privacy
electronic medical records (databases)
medical decision making
tech assisted learning environments
sequence analysis
protein structural analysis and prediction
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3
Q

What is the study of how information is represented and transmitted in biological systems?

A

Bioinformatics

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4
Q

What is the central dogma presented by Watson and Crick?

A

DNA makes RNA. RNA codes for proteins.

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5
Q

DNA is made up of 3 things. What are they?

A
  1. Sugar: Deoxyribose
  2. Phosphate: the backbone
  3. Base: ATGC
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6
Q

DNA is made up of nucleotides? These contain…

A

1 sugar, 1 phosphate, 1 base

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7
Q

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine are what?

A

The bases found in DNA

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8
Q

What nucleic acid has a double helix?

A

DNA

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9
Q

DNA is similar to a ladder in structure.What are the rungs of the ladder in DNA made of?

A

the bases!

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10
Q

Sugar does what in the nucleotide?

A

Bonds the phosphate to the base

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11
Q

What did Watson and Crick discover?

A

The base pairs will always be AT and CG.

DNA is in a double helix structure

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12
Q

A common desire of researchers in biotechnology is?

A

To discover the killer application that will be the app of the future
example: designer drugs

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13
Q

The killer app (just-in-time) designer drug system requires:

A
  1. high throughput screening: obtains genetic profile quickly
  2. medically relevant information gathering: Based on symptoms
  3. custom drug synthesis: based on patient GC
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14
Q

The killer app must have consistency and specificity in a _________.

A

controlled vocabulary

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15
Q

When DNA is opened and a section is copied to make RNA,_______ took place.

A

transcription

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16
Q

Transcription happens in ________

A

the nucleus

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17
Q

_______ reads DNA one nucleotide as a time and creates ________

A

RNA Polymerase

RNA

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18
Q

What nucleotides pair in RNA?

A

Adenine-Uracil, Guanine-Cytosine

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19
Q

After transcription, the RNA moves in _____ where ______ reads codons.

A

the cytoplasm

ribosomes

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20
Q

A codon is made up of _____

A

3 nucleotides

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21
Q

An amino acid is ____

A

1 codon or 3 nucleotides.

we have 20 amino acids all together

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22
Q

A chain of amino acids is _____

A

A protein

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23
Q

All enzymes are proteins.

A

true

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24
Q

All proteins are enzymes.

A

False

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25
Q

_____ is a start codon?

A

AUG: Methianine

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26
Q

Scientific research that starts from large truths and seeks details from a bigger picture is….

A

Top down research style

Doctor would use this

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27
Q

Scientific research that starts from the details and works its way to the big picture (DNA to the body’s physical appearance)

A

Bottom up research style

a geneticist would use this

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28
Q

Numbers or other identifiers derived from observation, experiment or calculation

A

Data

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29
Q

data in context is..

A

information

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30
Q

descriptions of data or data put into context that is then summarized

A

metadata

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31
Q

What is crucial to know when collecting information or building a database?

A

Target audience

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32
Q

These serve as controllers, information archives, asynchronous communication devices, and numerical processors.

A

computers

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33
Q

Computers serve as…

A

Controllers, archives of info, communication devices, and number crunchers

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34
Q

Why are computer controlled devices preferable over manual controlled devices when time is limited?

A

They can run around the clock and therefore have a greater output in a shorter time.

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35
Q

What is the one thing biological databases have in common?

A

enormity of content

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36
Q

A disk server can…

NOT A DATABASE

A
  1. act as a remoter disk drive
  2. can open or limit access to diff. areas
  3. allows multiple users to open the same file (which can cause issues)
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37
Q

a disk server with intelligence is…

A

A file server

38
Q

A computer generated file composed of records that contains fields and serves the function of searching, sorting, recombining, etc. is…

A

Database

39
Q

What are the three types of databases?

A

Data repository, data mart and data warehouse

40
Q

What is the simplest database with minimal storage and little querying capability?

A

Data repository

41
Q

What is the narrowly focused database that is searchable but specific to particular research or projects?

A

Data mart

42
Q

What is a large central database that has many different data from multiple incompatible sources?

A

Data warehouse

43
Q

______ is finding meaningful connections in large quantities of seemingly unrelated data.

A

Data mining

44
Q

What types of databases support data mining?

A

Data marts and warehouses.

45
Q

_____ is used as a standard vocabulary between two or more systems

A

Data dictionary
example: sharing a database with someone in Europe and our dates are written different. In order to make all the dates valid we need a system to recognize that 28.4.15 is the same as 4.28.15

46
Q

What is the data life cycle?

A

creation and acquisition, use, data modification, archiving, disposal, repurposing

47
Q

Data modification is…

A

Only slight tweaking of data to better fit the standard. (data dictionaries)

48
Q

What is the central focus of the data life cycle?

A

Data archiving (used for infrequent access of data)

49
Q

Archiving involves decision about:

A

software, hardware, storage mediums, and usage

50
Q

All data is eventually…

A

disposed of

51
Q

Archiving is commonly used for…

A

legal records not for future use.

52
Q

Using data for other than which it was created for is…

A

repurposing data

53
Q

What is used to facilitate the management of data?

A

databases

54
Q

Establishing a file server for archiving, everyone connected transfers files daily from their hard drive, back up file server to tape daily, and be careful with file sharing security is…

A

The simplest way to manage bioinformatics data.

55
Q

When all organizational activity is in one location the data base is …

A

centralized

56
Q

When the data is dispersed geographically (even if the software makes it appear local) it is…

A

distributed

57
Q

Theoretical idea of database described by those who use it. (In terms of bits and bytes)

A

Physical database

58
Q

The higher level of abstraction with database representation. This is described by those who make it.

A

Conceptual database

59
Q

What focuses on the entities and their relationships in a database?

A

entity-relationship model

60
Q

Data model that can only work with one table or file at a time

A

Flat data model

61
Q

Data model where rows and records from multiple files can be combined and interwork as long as they have a common field.

A

Relational data models

62
Q

Databases communicate with devices through

A

external interfaces

63
Q

Databases communicate with users through

A

user interfaces

64
Q

T or F: The internet is the most common way of extracting data.

A

True

65
Q

T or F: Data is useful in a database when it can’t be retrieved.

A

False

66
Q

T or F: Two or more computers connected together via a communication channel is a network.

A

True

67
Q

The area in which a network can cover is?

A

The geographical scope

68
Q 
What is not a network:
A: PAN (personal)
B: LAN (Local)
C: TAN (torrential)
D: MAN (metropolitan)
A

C: TAN

the correct ones are personal, local, metropolitan, wide

69
Q

A centralized server that provides data, hardware and software resources to multiple clients that are connected to the server.

A

client-server model:

70
Q

What is a server?

A

A publicly accessible computer that stores data and is able to have software.

71
Q

What is the peer to peer model:

A

Every computer acts like a server and like a client to all other computers on the network

72
Q

T or F: The client-server model is cheaper than the peer to peer model.

A

False. The peer to peer model is cheaper because you don’t need to purchase a server

73
Q

What are the advantages of a peep to peer model?

A

Cheaper and easy set-up

74
Q

What are the disadvantages of a peer to peer model?

A

Uneven use of resources
decreased performance for overused machines
complicated data management

75
Q

What are the advantages of a client-server model?

A

Network operating system provides security
Performance stays the same on a single machine
easier data management

76
Q

What are the disadvantages of a client server model?

A

Expensive and difficult set up

77
Q

T or F: Protocols are a set of rules that govern sending and receiving of data across a network.

A

True

78
Q

TCP/ IP mean?

A

Transmission control protocol/ internet protocol (most commonly used)

79
Q

T or F: TCP includes rules for routing of individual data?

A

False. IP includes rules for routing of individual data

TCP included rules that computers on a network use to establish and break connections

80
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The amount of data that can travel through a communication circuit in one second (bps)

81
Q

What are the three types of topology?

A

Bus, ring and star
Bus is long with segments out of one backbone
Ring is a circular backbone with nodes through out
Star is a central hub and many backbones coming out with nodes at the end

82
Q

Inexpensinve, flexible, easy to hack with medium bandwidth is.

A

coaxial (Old TV cables)

83
Q

glass tubing that uses light beams. expensive to install, very secure, high bandwidth

A

fiber optics

84
Q

cheaper than coaxial, low bandwidth, high noise

A

twisted pair (telephone cables)

85
Q

light or radio frequencies, IR or RF, cheap, insecure, high bandwidth (airborne signals)

A

ether

86
Q

What directs data to the portion of network that is meant to receive the data?

A

Router

87
Q

T or F: Gateways act like a slower router that connects two or more networks with different protocols

A

False:

Gateways act like a slower router that connects ONLY TWO networks with different protocols

88
Q

T or F: A switcher is a faster cheaper replacement for a router when speed in crucial.

A

True

89
Q

What is a hub?

A

A central/common connection point in star networks

90
Q

T or F: A content filter prevents work stations from accessing certain content from the internet

A

True

91
Q

T or F: Antiviral software should be updated as soon as it’s purchased and weekly after that.

A

True

92
Q

A username and password are a part of what?

A

Authentication

CSE 122 (2 decks)

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