Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Classics 2301 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

5 approaches to criminology

A 
Legal
Moral
Social
Humanistic
Social Contructionist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Legal Approach

A

Crime is behaviour prohibited by criminal code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Moral Approach

A

Crime is what is morally wrong and provokes punishment but may not be against the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Social Approach

A

Crime is behaviour that violates social norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Humanistic Approach

A

Crime is behaviour that denies basic human rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Social Constructionist Approach

A

Crime is behaiour determined by the powerful people. Most successful when it is agreed upon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between modern and ancient thinking in criminology?

A

Modern thinking is to fix the individual. Ancient thinking is to deal with the criminal to heal the community.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 Scientific studies of criminology

A

Biological positivism
Sociological positivism
Psychological positivism
Criminological other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biological Positivism

A

Lomboso: Criminals are biologically different with different physical characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sociological Positivism

A

Chicago School: Socioeconomic characteristics leading to criminality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Zone of Transition

A

Inner city. High mobility area causes high crime rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychological Positivism

A

Psychological characteristics that make a person criminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Criminological Other

A

By associating personal charcteristics with criminality, we priveledge some kinds of criminals over others. Ethnic minorities are now the focus of courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rational Choice Theory

A

Crimes are committed as a rational choice, weighing the benefits against costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Downfall of rational choice theory

A

Criminals are not ususally rational people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Social Control Theory

A

What environmental factors promote criminality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4 factors of social control theory

A

Attachment
Commitment
Involvement
Belief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Attachment

A

The more relationships a person has, the less likely they are to commit crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Commitment

A

How invested a person is in their relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Involvement

A

How involved a person is in non- criminal activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Belief

A

How much a person believes that crime is bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Relative Deprivation

A

People commit crime because they feel deprived in comparison to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hegemonic Masculinity

A

Men are more likely to commit crimes due to societal expectations of gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

More likely victims

A

Young poor men who live alone and are thnic minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Most visible victims

A

People percieved as vulnerable, especially elderly women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Deviant Behaviour

A

Problematic behaviour that is not against the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 problems with defining crime by law

A

Puts law above social processes
Laws change over time
Can only study those who have been caught

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

3 determining elements of crime

A

Harm
Social agreement that harm has been done
Official societal response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Positivism

A

Social relations and events that can be studied scientifically to explain and predict patterns of social behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who created social physics

A

August Comte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

3 characteristics of criminology

A

Differentiation
Pathology
Determinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Differentiation

A

Desire to measure differences between individuals and their behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pathology

A

Assigning abnormality to those differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Determinism

A

Understand how factors beyond control of people effect their behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Atavism

A

Darwin described abnormalities as a throwback to an earlier stage of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Who noted physical characteristics of prisoners

A

Lomboso

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are Lomboso’s 4 criminal types

A

Insane
Opportunist
Passionate
Born Criminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What criminal type is truly atavistic

A

Born Criminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Wilson and Herrstein’s 3 factors contributing to criminality

A

Constitution
Social and psychological reinforcers
Conscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which offenders are doubly deviant?

A

Women are both in arrested development and atavistic according to darwin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Concentric Zone Theory

A

Zones with different socioeconomic characteristics radiate from the centre of the city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Social Disorganization

A

Highly transitional social life leads to high rates of crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the root of crime according to the Chicago school?

A

Social disorganization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does sociological positivism assume is the criminals?

A

Working class, male minority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Victim Proneness

A

Hentig: People’s characteristics make them more likely to be victims

46
Q

Victim Culpability

A

Mendelsohn: Typology of victim ranging from completely innocent, to starting as a perpetrator and ending as a victim

47
Q

Positivistic Victimology

A

Factors contributing to a non random pattern of victimization to identify victims who may have contributed to their own victimization

48
Q

Politicised

A

Justifying criminal justice and punishment

49
Q

Criminal Victimisation Survey

A

Measure nature and extent of criminal victimization according to personal characteristics and lifestyle

50
Q

What does the criminal victimisation survey say is most likely to be a victim

A

Young males because they put themselves in more high risk situations in their lifestyles

51
Q

What are the 2 factors leading to victimisation according to the survey

A

Exposure to risk

Vulnerability

52
Q

What percentage of serial killers are male

A

95%

53
Q

4 constructs of Holmes typology of serial killing

A

Visionary
Missionary
Hedonistic
Power and control

54
Q

Visionary

A

Responding to voices and hallucinations

55
Q

Missionary

A

Rid the world of a particular problem group

56
Q

Hedonistic

A

Kill for lust, thrills, comfort

57
Q

Power and Control

A

Power over life and death

58
Q

What typology of serial killing was harold shipman a part of?

A

Power and control

59
Q

What typology is where sexual motivtion is the most obvious?

A

Hedonistic

60
Q

Evolutionary Crime

A

Humans adapt to environment and adaptions also occur at the psychological level

61
Q

Why is sex a motivator for male action?

A

Reflects our evolutionary desire to continue the species

62
Q

What are the two drivers of male behaviour?

A

Sexual jealousy

Sexual Rivalry

63
Q

Masculinity

A

Struggle to master and control nature

64
Q

Classical Criminology

A

Interests lie in maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain- weighing costs against benefits

65
Q

3 factors of the Routine Activity Approach

A

Motivated offender
Potential Victim
Absence of capable guardian

66
Q

Right realism

A

Crime is a product of individuals, not social structures

67
Q

Social Control Theory

A

Effect of society on people’s behaviour. Focus on social rather than individual differences

68
Q

What is the centre of motivation in Social Control Theory

A

Fear of consequence keeps people restrained

69
Q

4 components of the social bond theory that sustain or threaten relationships

A

Attachment
Comittment
Involvement
Belief

70
Q

Left Realism

A

Crime is focused on the most vulnerable sections of the community

71
Q

Square of Crime

A

Victim
Offender
Formal Agencies
Public Reaction

72
Q

Ideal Victim

A

Completely innocent, good person, is attacked by stranger

73
Q

Hierarchy of Victimization

A

Media readiness to cover some victims over others

74
Q

4 social variables of criminal victimization

A

Social Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity

75
Q

Radical Feminism

A

Trying to understand and end male dominance, and how society helps sustain this oppression

76
Q

Primary Victimization

A

Direct impact that crime has on the victim

77
Q

Secondary Victimization

A

How criminal justice system responds to victim

78
Q

Indirect Victimization

A

Effect on close people to victim

79
Q

When was Lysisas 1 written?

A

Between 403 and 380 BCE

80
Q

Metic

A

Resident Alien

81
Q

how many speeches and titles from Lysias have survived?

A

34 speeches and 130 titles

82
Q

What is the other name for Lysias 1?

A

On the murder of eratosthenes

83
Q

What language was Lysias 1 written in?

A

Attic Greek

84
Q

Who was the plaintiff in Lysias1?

A

The family of Eratosthenes

85
Q

Who was the defendant in Lysias 1?

A

Euphilitos

86
Q

Who was lysias father

A

kyphelos

87
Q

who was lysias brother

A

polemarchos

88
Q

What were the years of the pelopponesian war?

A

431- 404 BCE

89
Q

What year did Athens invade Sicily?

A

415

90
Q

What was Lysias’ occupation?

A

Logographer

91
Q

What were the 4 exceptions to Dracos homicide law

A

Athletic Contest
Fight on the highway
Battle
Sex with mother, daughter, sister, wife who could produce children

92
Q

What is the lawful punishment for adultery?

A

Pay damages

93
Q

What kind of violence is considered heroic?

A

Violence done to outsiders

94
Q

Who is the main character in Gorgias

A

Socrates

95
Q

When was Socrates alive?

A

469- 399 BCE

96
Q

Who was Socrates wife

A

Xanthippe

97
Q

What 3 battles did Socrates fight in?

A

Delia
Potedeia
Amphibulus

98
Q

Pritanes

A

Presidents: 50 people run the assembly for 1/10 of the year

99
Q

Epistates

A

Foreman: Leader for the day chosen by lot

100
Q

When was Socrates the epistates

A

When assembly was voting on generals of Arginusae

101
Q

Where were the Arginusai

A

Small islands between Lespos and Asia minor

102
Q

When was the Arginusi battle

A

406

103
Q

What happened at the battle of Argunisi

A

Athens won battle against Sparta but storm prevented them from rescuing survivors

104
Q

How did Socrates vote on the generals of Argunisi?

A

Voted they were innocent because you could not try people as a group

105
Q

Sophes

A

Teachers of rhetoric

106
Q

What was Socrates convicted of and when?

A

399- Impeity

107
Q

What did Socrates propose as a punishment

A

To be given free meals by the state. And then he changed it to paying a fine

108
Q

When did Plato live?

A

429- 347 BCE

109
Q

What school did Plato start?

A

The Academy

110
Q

Who was Gorgias

A

A sophe from Leontini in 485- 380 BCE

111
Q

When was Gorgias the epistatis?

A

406

112
Q

When was Gorgias written

A

Between 399- 347

Classics 2301 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions