Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NYCC Chiro Theories > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

For Korr, the “coordinator” of facilitation is:
A) the joint receptor
B) the golgi tendon organ
C) the muscle spindle
D) the anterior horn cell

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the experiment in the article on Z-joint adhesions?
A) large adhesions were found only in the fixed joint groups at weeks 8, 12, and 16
B) adhesions were formed primarily of connective tissue
C) spinal manipulation to the fixed segments broke up the adhesions
D) small adhesions were found in z-joints of both control and fixed groups

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which is recognized by lessened mobility of a joint, altered pressure threshold to pain and signs of neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction?
A) VSC phase 1
B) VSC phase 4
C) VSC phase 3
D) VSC phase 2

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moderate degenerative changes such as the nucleus bulging into the annulus and damage to the inferior end-plate are associated with grade ____ disc degeneration

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following models describes sustained contraction and myofascial trigger points leading to a depletion of ATP and an inability to reset the muscle spindle leading to muscle contracture?
A) Sandoz
B) Gatterman-Goe
C) Denslow
D) Patterson-Steinmetz

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A primary contribution to loss of disc height in degeneration is due to progressive ____
A) fracture
B) desiccation
C) myelopathy
D) inhibition

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type ____ receptors respond to muscle tension and low levels of force during active muscle contraction
A) 1a
B) 1b
C) 1c
D) 1d

A

1b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ____ hypothesis/model is associated with severe or repeated trauma leading to scarring
A) instability
B) hypomobility
C) Korr
D) Gatterman-Goe

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

According to the article on Nimmo technique, following treatment changes were found in all of the following except ____
A) VAS
B) thickness
C) strength
D) elasticity

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Evans postulated that the spine will assume a position of minimum internal energy when ____
A) mechanical equilibrium is achieved
B) antagonistic muscles contract
C) intrinsic spinal muscles contract
D) postural muscles fire

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to Dvorak, postural muscles have more ____ fibers and ____ in response to SDF and overuse
A) slow twitch; fatigue
B) slow twitch; shorten
C) fast twitch; shorten
D) fast twitch; fatigue

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“A lowered threshold for firing in a spinal cord segment as a result of afferent bombardment associated with spinal lesions” describes ____
A) segmental fixation
B) segmental functionality
C) segmental dysfunction
D) segmental facilitation

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Receptor tonus theory is associated with ____
A) Nimmo
B) Langworthy
C) Gatterman-Goe
D) Korr

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hadley demonstrated significant damage to the cervical spine following ____
A) motor vehicle accidents (MVAs)
B) segmental facilitation
C) disc degeneration
D) repeated stress injuries

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of segmental dysfunction?
A) myelopathy
B) lessened mobility
C) altered threshold to pain
D) muscular dysfunction

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is part of the posterior joint?
A) anterior longitudinal ligament
B) ligamentum flavum
C) posterior longitudinal ligament
D) the meninges

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following can result in symptoms in all of the extremities as well as bowel and bladder dysfunction?
A) myelopathy
B) meniscoid entrapment
C) segmental dysfunction
D) myofascial trigger points

A

A

18
Q

“Destruction of cord tissue usually from pressure by neoplasms, hematomas, other masses, or severe space restriction from degenerative changes such as stenosis,” describes ____
A) spinal nerve impingement
B) facet hypertrophy
C) ligamentum flavum hypertrophy
D) myelopathy

A

D

19
Q

VSC phase 2 is characterized by which of the following?
A) fixation
B) inflammation
C) instability
D) immobilization

A

C

20
Q

____ is found in 76% of all cervical spine injuries from MVAs
A) dislocation
B) medical subluxation
C) hypolordosis
D) hyperlordosis

A

C
(I couldn’t find this in the notes, other than dislocation… so could be that idk)

21
Q

____ demonstrated that 1kg of pressure applied to the SP of facilitated segments resulted in hyperexcitability of the spinalis muscles
A) Denslow
B) Nimmo
C) Giles
D) Gatterman-Goe

A

A

22
Q

A ____ refers to cord facilitation that remains after joint motion is restored
A) deep tendon reflex
B) viscerosomatic reflex
C) echo reflex
D) neural scar

A

D

23
Q

Segmental facilitation is associated with ____
A) central sensitization
B) golgi tendon organs
C) spindle cells
D) presynaptic inhibition

A

A

24
Q

The ____ model proposes that a trigger point initiates self-perpetuating segmental dysfunction and facilitation
A) Patterson-Steinmetz
B) Gatterman-Goe
C) Dvorak
D) Korr

A

B

25
Q

Which of the following receptor types respond primarily to stretch?
A) golgi tendon organ
B) type III fibers
C) muscle spindle
D) B fibers

A

C

26
Q

Muscle stiffness is regulated by:
A) alpha-motor neurons and gamma-motor neurons
B) muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs
C) blood flow
D) mechanoreceptors and nociceptors

A

B

27
Q

The concept of spinal learning is associated with which of the following models?
A) Patterson-Steinmetz
B) Korr
C) Gatterman-Goe
D) Denslow

A

A

28
Q

Spindles and golgi tendon organs act together to regulate muscle stiffness, ____
A) muscle tension change and muscle length change
B) muscle tension change only
C) muscle length only
D) tendonous attachments

A

A

29
Q

____ is described as, “central nervous system regulation of background activity in the fusimotor (the y-motor neuron) system.”
A) somatovisceral reflex
B) golgi tendon reflex
C) viscerosomatic reflex
D) gamma gain

A

D

30
Q

“Acute locked back” may be associated with the presence of ____
A) capsular laxity
B) facet hypertrophy
C) joint effusion
D) z-joint meniscoids

A

D

31
Q

In the Korr model, adjustments may be effective because forceful stretching of muscles would reduce ____
A) vascularity
B) adhesions
C) joint movement
D) gamma gain

A

D

32
Q

In the article on high grade spondylolisthesis at L6, treatments included all of the following except ____
A) stabilization exercises
B) flexion distraction
C) soft tissue techniques
D) thoracic spinal manipulation

A

B

33
Q

Disruption of both end-plates, internal collapse of annulus, and reduction of disc height are associated with grade ____ disc degeneration

A

4

34
Q

The minimal energy hypothesis unified which 2 theories? (Select 2 answers)
A) joint fixation
B) receptor tonus
C) instability
D) neural compression

A

A + B

35
Q

____ have been observed to be affected first in spinal cord compression
A) anterior tracts
B) sympathetic nerves
C) dorsal columns
D) motor nerves

A

C

36
Q

The Patterson-Steinmetz model proposes that ____
A) gamma gain influences spinal learning
B) segmental dysfunction results in hypermobility
C) the spinal cord can learn even when the influence of the brain is removed
D) the brain learns from the spinal cord

A

C

37
Q

With instability due to high grade spondylolisthesis, which of the following would require immediate surgical referral?
A) bowel & bladder dysfunction
B) muscular hypertonicity
C) low back pain
D) radicular pain into the leg

A

A

38
Q

Maigne proposed that damage to the ____ could affect spinal nerves
A) posterior joints
B) posterior longitudinal ligament
C) anterior discs
D) anterior longitudinal ligament

A

A

39
Q

The mechanism of increased joint capsule tension leading to decreased mechanoreceptor activity and increased nociceptor activity is directly associated with ____
A) increased mechanoreceptor activity
B) increased lymphatic flow
C) pain-spasm-pain cycle
D) joint hypermobility

A

C

40
Q

Which of the following nerve fibers are small and unmyelinated?
A) A alpha
B) B beta
C) B
D) C

A

C-fibers

NYCC Chiro Theories (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions