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Music 103 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Rock ‘N’ Roll in the 1950s?

A

Music for teenagers
Rocking and rolling

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2
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1rsrri33ctr7nDU4Clf1qm?si=381822ca2dae4fd2

What are the elements of this song?

A

Established the identity of teenagers

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3
Q

Who is Alan Freed?

A

Disc Jockey
Established Rock N Roll the name (short for rocking and rolling)

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4
Q

What is a cover?

A

Recording a song that has previously been recorded by another artist

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5
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1eefLXPPIws94wj57iSWqn?si=df03b9e470f94c15

What are the elements of this song?

A

evelyn Knight did a cover and goes #1 on pop charts. Evelyn was white, Paula was black. Supreme (Watson TPA Form) sues Decca (Evelyn), but Decca wins

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6
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7aLoa1F3EoM8AeC6Ao1RKz?si=0f478c33190c4df2

What are the elements of this song?

A

Haley and the Commets does a cover. Aurally similar, 12 bar blues, lyrics change slightly, sexual lyrics changed to be more tame

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7
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2drXvACELcvwryaFRiRPdA?si=7929a65ebcbc487a

What are the elements of this song?

A

Crew Cuts’ does a cover, becomes a huge pop hit

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8
Q

Who is Chuck Berry?

A

vocalist, lyricist, pioneer of guitar, highly influential, fusing blues with a country sound,

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9
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3SQhmctWreNM0X6Zkm2K5R?si=0923cd93c3df45e5

What are the elements of this song?

A

very new, fast tempo, intense, loud, unsyncopated bass line, lyrics and class distinction

Form: 12 bar blues chorus

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10
Q

Who is Little Richard

A

Musician who is sexual ambiguity, optimized going against social norms, reckless, crazy

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11
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2iXcvnD3d1gfLBum0cE5Eg?si=8c5a682d50d045b6

What are the elements of this song?

A

homosexual themes, scandalous but sanitized,
Form: 12 bar blues chorus, verses almost 12 bar blue

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12
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/507IFqPuG8mBQoKebfGG9t?si=02a9f1d6895e4c4e

What are the elements of this song?

A

12 bar blues into verse (4 bars), chorus (8 bars) (ABB),

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13
Q

Who is Fats Domino?

A

R&B artist before he came rock and roll icon
Influenced by boogie woogie and jump blues
Traditionalist: loved New Orleans sound, remade TPA standards

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14
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/06PdA0DLgF4BfAeUNZAbFG?si=e034ce58bf25477c

What are the elements of this song?

A

2 in pop and R&B charts

based on TPA standard but his personal style transformed it
harder rhythmic accents
full throated singing

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15
Q

Who is Elvis Presley?

A

Influenced by country blues
biggest rock star arguably ever
Otis Blackwell wrote many songs for Elvis
Style was a fusion of country and R&B
country bop
He was seen on many TV performances

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16
Q

Who is Otis Blackwell

A

Songwriter, wrote for Elvis

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17
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0GvhHQbWSnGltjl0je61dI?si=13bf411e2e374a1c

What are the elements of this song?

A

recorded when he was 18
cover (arrangement and reconceptualization
completely different instruments and feel (the focus is on Elvis instead of the instruments like in the original) instruments are like a train

Form: standard 12 bar blues form

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18
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4zzXm1QJQXWLyUfFhWZBRg?si=3b29cb8fc5514507

What are the elements of this song?

A

written by Otis Blackwell
clear synthesis of R&B and white gospel,
strong R&B backbeat
guitar riffs
vocal backing group

Form: AAB AA(verse) B (chorus) 12 bar blues

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19
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/64Ny7djQ6rNJspquof2KoX?si=415e0f8f914a4baa

What are the elements of this song?

A

cover (thematic change, sexual implications are totally gone, no asserting of power in the lyrics)

Form: 12 bar blues form

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20
Q

What is Rockabilly?

A

Fusion of country and R&B

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21
Q

What were some major changes in music in the 1960s?

A

Pop and rock music were used to escape turmoil and outlet of expression
Baby boomers were playing major roles in society
Development of free form social dances (The Twist)

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22
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4YCnTYbq3oL1Lqpyxg33CU?si=aac42cb0754048f0

What are the elements of this song?

A

went #1
Introduced a broader audience to rock and roll
shaped the future for free form pop dance

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23
Q

Who is Phil Spector?

A

One of the most influential people of pop music history
Songwriter and Producer
first pop producer to have a box set under his own name

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24
Q

What is Philles records?

A

Record promoter Lester Still collabed with Spector and made Philles Records
made lots of hits, Spector supervised lots of the sound (pick or make the sound)

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25
Q

Who is the Wrecking Crew

A

Phil Spector’s house band

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26
Q

What is the Brill Building?

A

Brain trust of songwriters in NY Spector divided his work between West and East coasts (he recorded in LA, so power shifted away) (Songwriters were in NY)
The Songwriters congregated in NY (rock and roll version of TPA)

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27
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2G2YzndIA6jeWFPBXhUjh5?si=76d70205dbf14b7f

what are the elements of this song?

A

essential teenage symphony sound full orchestra
background singing
riff in solo percussion `

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28
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4CU6WHrOTupJ6XgeYAAeCO?si=d0b48c0a6df74e1d

What are the elements of this song?

A

unusual theme
class inequality
location has meaning
Downtown is minor key
Uptown is major key
latin american musical elements, exoticism,

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29
Q

Who is Berry Gordman?

A

Founder of Motown
Believed all created and financial aspects would be under his control He avoided evoking R&B by 12 bar forms or doo wop, but instead used general blues and gospel styles

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30
Q

What is the Motown Sound

A

Favoured girl groups
Hard driving dance beat
Lush, like the teenage symphony but without wall of sound
→ created a forward momentum (aka groove)

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31
Q

Who are the Funk Brothers?

A

Motown house band

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32
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/745H5CctFr12Mo7cqa1BMH?si=956d2e2e64024c77

What are the elements of this song?

A

romantic sentiment
not a wall of sound
cumulative layering sounds
increases in intensity
bass and melodic motifs

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33
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1OppEieGNdItZbE14gLBEv?si=4435adeca4c2472d

What are the elements of this song?

A

dance
driven by tambo
formal structure is complex
form mirrors the lyrics

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34
Q

Who are the Beach Boys?

A

Most celebrated American rock group
Brian Wilson (songwriter, arranger, performer for Beach Boys)
Best selling american rock group in the 1960s

Pet Sounds: first concept album

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35
Q

Who is Brian Wilson?

A

Songwriter, arranger, performer for Beach Boys

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36
Q

What are the three phases of the Birtish Invasion of music?

A

Imitation phase

Emulation phase (original but influenced by others)

Experimentation phase (sounds and lyrics beyond traditional forms)

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37
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2EPr9Wx7e1cpGEbNAtuN7x?si=ad17f9f2b59c4e2b

What are the elements of this song?

A

(imitation phase): borrowing of Chuck Berry’s Sweet little 16 in music and theme

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38
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4T5SR1krNuVLOnxSjYb8nW?si=69a2cc9a35c34134

What are the elements of this song?

A

emulation phase): Took the guitar line from Johnny B Goode in the intro of the Fun, Fun, Fun

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39
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3mXexrmtPJ1KdWN37rYePx?si=79bfbe47b96d43ca

What are the elements of this song?

A

First #1 record
influenced by 50s rock in appeal and accessibility
chord changes are experimental (much more sophisticated)
variability and asymmetry of structure

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40
Q

Who are the BEatles?

A

First #1 in America: I Want To Hold Your Hand

caused British bands to come in (Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, etc)

Continuously evolved (different then beach boys)

Creative team (different then beach boys)

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41
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6EHuOufBeL6vk3TvVJB5qo?si=4af47e823e57486f

What are the elements of this song?

A

emulation phase
AABA form, internal rhyme, word play, harmony

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42
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1pctwlBtIcKIjQMzsVcGHB?si=4f250f7592d545c7

What are the elements of this song?

A

emulation phase
AABA (bridge)
instrumental interlude
don’t follow the typical 12 bar blues form

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43
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3BQHpFgAp4l80e1XslIjNI?si=fa6e4eb603b548c8

What are the elements of this song?

A

(emulation phase but a little experimental)
TPA form
expressive melody and harmony pushes the boundaries of rock (rock elements have been removed)
acoustic guitar, strings, solo vocals, phrases are asymmetrical (7 measures)

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44
Q

what are the three qualities of the Nashville sound?

A

More sophisticated vocals (lose the twang

Strings (adds class)

Background singers (not just a solo act)

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45
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4LJcNiq2pBb8OeqrGdBJQw?si=ed065b12b30c463f

Who wrote this song?

A

Brenda Lee

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46
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/78KFIBlcbtjyukA7XxZju5?si=43d4142f021c45ee

Who wrote this song?

A

Patsy Klein

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47
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/44AyOl4qVkzS48vBsbNXaC?si=5bcb8a1a6c1d492b

Who wrote this song?

A

Elvis Presley

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48
Q

Who is Ray Charles?

A

Country with R&B
Songwriter, arranger, vocalist, keyboardist
American music
Pioneer of soul music (R&B + Gospel = Soul)
Melismatic runs (many notes in one syllable)

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49
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6h4rAPuTPv0iAI1NaF2SRL?si=d3f476008e2d4f0d

What are the elements of this song?

A

combo of r&b and gospel elements (early soul)

Call and Response

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50
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6yMGxqKj0218mFR5KqsMRq?si=97d44b99d63f46c7

What are the elements of this song?

A

TPA standard but gospel
orchestral strings

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51
Q

Why is the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music significant?

A

Concept album

52
Q

Who is James Brown?

A

Rhythms and timbre over harmony and melody
Hook was the most important
Strong links with African music styles
Brown became a spokesperson for Black social and political ideas

53
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/00pGV4EInVd77cnOIwPTCv?si=6f879ad53d81495b

What are the elements of this song?

A

12 bar blues
quintessential James Brown
Hook dominated
shaped by rhythmic patterns
stop time that creates tension

54
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5h8ve1B7Gr3k4W0WXAgLxE?si=fc78e7f0c91c46de

What are the elements of this song?

A

timbre technique
no melody just speech
rhythmic but harmonically static
civil rights ideas
clear message
call and response

55
Q

Who is Aretha Franklin?

A

“Taking the power back”
Sociopolitical statements embodied in the spirits of her records
Tons of hits for 5 straight years

Style: Gospel influence, passion of delivery, call and response, melisma, intensity in her vocals,

56
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7s25THrKz86DM225dOYwnr?si=7fe1f46ded80493d

What are the elements of this song?

A

Call and Response
Cover of Otis Redding’s song

57
Q

Who is Bob Dylan?

A

Most influential and creative Folk Artist
High quality of his songs (textually and musically)
Affinity for rural modes (country, blues)
Genius poet (vibrant and clear imagery)
Unpolished vocals (not very refined)

58
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3RkQ3UwOyPqpIiIvGVewuU?si=07a2cb9816bf4d84

What are the elements of this song?

A

Cover version by the Byrds

59
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3AhXZa8sUQht0UEdBJgpGc?si=76bee4dfc5a0428a

What are the elements of this song?

A

longest song ever released
unique timbre and density
poetry is very topical
organ and piano

Form: strophic form (but the verses are incredibly long)

60
Q

what were the three influences on music in the 1960s?

A

Disillusionment
free love
drugs

Overall: Counterculture

61
Q

Why is Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band significant

A

Influences from drugs
Figures on the cover associated with counterculture
album invited listeners to be apart of a community
Concept album

62
Q

Who is Jefferson Airplane?

A

Surreal lyrics and instrumental improvisation
Distortion, intense style of music (became known as Acid rock)

63
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4vpeKl0vMGdAXpZiQB2Dtd?si=02154099e420439d

What are the elements of this song?

A

typical psychedelic rock
surrealist lyrics
attack on parents of older generations
references to drugs
distorted sound
latin classical influences

64
Q

Who is Janis joplin?

A

Joined Big Brother and the Holding Company

65
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3eYCJXTViFwl5mdtcTsF4G?si=9d99e03fb5a048d0

What are the elements of this song?

A

Joplin’s leave it all out there style

66
Q

Who are the Grateful Dead?

A

Meant to be heard live
Quintessential live band
exemplified counterculture, psychedelic rock (long “jams” as songs)
Did lots of different genres and styles

67
Q

What is the Live Dead

A

First Grateful Dead live album

68
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2AF1drAUmMi8ZX0U97UJLw?si=528dc054033a4c5e

What are the elements of this song?

A

23 minute song

69
Q

Who are the Doors?

A

Jim Morrison: symbol of counter culture and rebellion

70
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5uvosCdMlFdTXhoazkTI5R?si=513d953060c04649

What are the elements of this song?

A

Counterculture theme
Changed how rock was consumed on the radio

71
Q

Who is Jimi Hendrix?

A

Electric guitar virtuoso
Musical enlightenment
Most inventive influential guitarist
Style: timbre and harmonically experimental, Feedback, distortion

72
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0wJoRiX5K5BxlqZTolB2LD?si=70e3f34e573441f6

What are the elements of the song?

A

representation of Jimi’s style

73
Q

What changed in music in the 1970s?

A

Shift from counterculture to conservatism
Counterculture images had become mainstream
Magnetic tape hits American households
Cassette is introduced

74
Q

Who is Carole King?

A

Songwriter from the Brill Building
Tapestry: Famous album

75
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/12q3V8ShACq2PSWINMc2rC?si=54bd98a90f9f45cd

What are the elements of this song?

A

Soft rock, soft groove

76
Q

Who is Joni Mitchell?

A

Confessional singer songwriter
Folk Rock
Significant album: Blue

77
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7jeSFewaQLq8t2x8OZFQxZ?si=79f03d54042744e5

What are the elements of this song?

A

light instrumentation, small percussion, dulcimer

78
Q

Who is Elton John?

A

Wide appeal
Nostalgic craze

79
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6WCeFNVAXUtNczb7lqLiZU?si=b3f76168e5a546ba

What are the elements of this song?

A

Celebration of the 50s
Nostalgia

80
Q

Who is Stevie Wonder?

A

Singer songwriter
Combined rock with longstanding african american music traditions
1971- full artistic control in Motown deal

81
Q

What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/1h2xVEoJORqrg71HocgqXd?si=fe20b5da33f843d0

What are the elements of this song?

A

blend of African musical traditions

82
Q

What is 33 1/2 Lp?

A

Bigger space for album

83
Q

Why is the Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spider from Mars significant?

A

Concept Album
Glam rock

84
Q

Why is Dark Side of the Moon significant?

A

Psychedelic
Madness as the unifying theme
None musical samples that are in the album (heartbeats, cash register)
Mood and Tempo is uniform to all the songs

85
Q

who is Led Zeppelin?

A

British rock band
Use of folk music instruments

86
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5CQ30WqJwcep0pYcV4AMNc?si=babf9f55ebeb4a03

What are the elements of this song?

A

juxtaposed Heavy metal and Gentle intimate folk style of Led Zeppelin

texture and melody escalates like a “stairway”

Musical development

87
Q

Who is Miles Davis?

A

Bitches Brew
Fusion of Jazz and rock
Not tonal: the hierarchy of notes doesn’t exist, no tonal ending

88
Q

What is Disco?

A

Inspired by Motown and Funk
Reaction against rock and roll
Rejected album is an art form
Audience simply needs to dance, no time for artful arrangement of songs

89
Q

What are Segue mixes?

A

sequences of songs that can play one after another

90
Q

Why is the movie Saturday Night Fever significant?

A

Disco movie
Upward mobility
Embodiment of American dream
Bee Gees started getting big

91
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5csdrJ0JtFn0qvwlvSh2EI?si=a3ddc21233b64a79

What are the elements of this song?

A

performed by Love Unlimited Orchestra
instrumental
emphasizes danceability

92
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0G3fbPbE1vGeABDEZF0jeG?si=ce1f4899b2564877

What are the elements of this song?

A

constant beat, repetitive, constant tempo, light lyrics, limited harmony (two different chords)

93
Q

Who is Willie Nelson?

A

Most significant figure of progressive country
Became associated with the Outlaws
Appeal to rock and country

94
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2uRVPeQbsEpRQD0DKr1WTo?si=97f906fd4c9d4413

What are the elements of this song?

A

part of Red Headed Stranger (country concept album, narrative: lady cheats on man)

95
Q

What is Ska?

A

R&B with Jamaican folk music, rock quartet (piano, bass, drums, guitar) with brass and saxophones, fast tempo, steady 4 beat patterns

96
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1n7j82PulFiE2cPz5oL8zQ?si=6af6ee7d784b4d98

What are the elements of this song?

A

Ska off beats
Trombone

97
Q

What is Rastafarianism?

A

Reinterpretation of the Bible with Africa as chosen people
Eventually became associated with weed

98
Q

What is Rocksteady?

A

Slowed down version of ska

99
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/40m4TVdRgogwawVxD9qEwk?si=fdd62ea2be054ebb

What are the elements of this song?

A

Mellow version of ska

100
Q

What is Rude Boys?

A

Jamaican counterculture

101
Q

What is Reggae?

A

Rastafari + rude boys = Reggae
Slower tempo then Rocksteady

102
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2XIr0KTybGQsC1SFfeaZhI?si=48e25f4cd8144548

What are the elements of this song?

A

soundtrack from movie, when released to US it started to the reggae craze in the US

103
Q

Who is Bob Marley?

A

Jamaican national hero
Songs rooted in rastafarian belief system

104
Q

What is New Wave?

A

First alternative music

105
Q

What is punk rock?

A

Supposed to take rock back to wildness of 1950s

106
Q

Who is Velvet Underground?

A

ancestor of New Wave, rough chaotic music, dark lyrics

107
Q

What song is this?
https://open.spotify.com/track/29engDqjmMr3VLqMm0c0WE?si=403ff0b01b404c4c

What are the elements of this song?

A

first single LP was emblematic of fuck the system

108
Q

Who are the Stooges?

A

ancestor of punk rock

109
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4nJCE9UyNXhuERnSX8YgSH?si=4602fe9b7e4a48fd

What are the elements of this song?

A

excellent example of amusical punk sound

110
Q

What is CBGB?

A

Club

111
Q

Who are the Ramones?

A

Punk
Image invokes rebellious spirit of the 190s Rock and Roll
Start at CBGB

112
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5NoQvINZLBV1wMYPdNmReL?si=6b7e10c717664f12

What are the elements of this song?

A

humour and style of the Ramones describes drug induced insanity to which the only solution is drug induced paralysis

113
Q

Who are the Talking Heads?

A

New Wave
CBGC start
Intentional awkwardness

114
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7dSCxR4LqkmxoBrq9MzVSD?si=e2fb83c3b9c248fa

What are the elements of this song?

A

bassline riff, layer of musical lines, use of stereo

115
Q

What is Funk?

A

Early 70s - back to basics, back to dance
Intense focus on dancing
Catchy melodies
Unique brand of syncopation
Groove (so important, defined by bassline)

115
Q

Who is Parliament?

A

Geroge Clinton

116
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4XRkQloZFcRrCONN7ZQ49Y?si=eb5892c726c143a5

What are the elements of this song?

A

Bass voice groove
Groove

117
Q

Who is Sly Stone?

A

African american perspective to rock
Style: James brown funk with jazz soul, psychedelia, socially engaged lyrics of Folk Rock
Optimistic dance oriented songs

118
Q

Who is Sly and the Family Stone?

A

His and his brothers band combined
Goal: Bring audiences together

119
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4ZVZBc5xvMyV3WzWktn8i7?si=165a8df71a5746db

What are the elements of this song?

A

1 on Pop and R&B charts, single chord

theme of the song: we are all just people, underlines the absurdity of segregation

120
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2GVEs1sn5Q1jB1976vQoAX?si=330bf30fdd274545

What are the elements of this song?

A

wah wah sound, most successful Sly song, still a unifying message through the lyrics, good and bad things about being in a family

121
Q

What are the orgins of hip hop?

A

Culture
Distinct style of dance, dress
Musical link between Africa and America

122
Q

What are musical elements of hip hop?

A

Synocation
Groove
The hook
Tone colours
Dense textures
Improvisation

123
Q

Who is DJ Kool Herc?

A

breakbeat music, he would mix these into other music
Microphone: DJ Kool Herc started using while breakbeats were playing (Early rap)

124
Q

Who is Lightnin rod?

A

Hustler’s convention

125
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/259LzD4H9Z6W5TqfZSmKzZ?si=71fa6de4359e474d

What are the elements of this song?

A

First popular rap song, sampled the bass line from Chic’s Good times, each member is an MC

126
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/32X0tTPXoWYNld9y1RRbFI?si=9104a465ac074700

What are the elements of this song?

A

synthesisers, first song that provided an honest description of 80s urban ghettos and life on the street to become big

Music 103 (2 decks)

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