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Music 103 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 perspectives of pop music

A

Themes of identity, historical setting, technological advancement, music as a business

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2
Q

Examples of themes of identity

A

Race/ethnicity, gender/sexuality, class/community, industry/tech

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3
Q

Examples of themes of identity

A

Race/ethnicity, gender/sexuality, class/community, industry/tech

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4
Q

What is the historical pattern of pop music?

A

Centres and periphery

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5
Q

What are the major streams of pop music?

A

Euro american, african america, latin american

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6
Q

What are the major types of songs of the euro american stream

A

Ballads: song with strophes that tell a story, simple romantic themes, repetitive melody with changing words
Dances
Immigrant folk music
Gospel

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7
Q

Example of a ballad

A

Barbry allen

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8
Q

What song is this: https://open.spotify.com/track/48padftX4ZbmcTQIYGncW6?si=QrZDKSA0QRSz0b0BKG1CTA

What are some important things to know about this song?

A

Barbry allen, ballad, first mainstream popular song, 1700s, Jean Ritchie is the artist

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9
Q

What are the major components of the African American stream?

A

Syncopation, backbeat, call and response, polyrythm
Slavery is the catalyst

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10
Q

What song is this: https://open.spotify.com/track/4fY5SGfBY5x1hohc5BlGi8?si=9SHSXOAWQZG2bcreceseOQ

What are the major qualities of this song?

A

Stagolee, african ballad/black spiritual,

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11
Q

What are the song types of the Latin American stream?

A

Habanera (influenced ragtime and blues)
tango (4 beat pulse)
rumba (cuban country which led to salsa)
samba
bossa nova

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12
Q

What song is this: https://open.spotify.com/track/7qWvMY4SVQTkXPiZVnxM5w?si=qHsM0q5cSNiSMEK4oQt5kA

What are the major qualities of this song?

A

La Cumparasita, most famous tango

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13
Q

What song is this: https://open.spotify.com/track/7qWvMY4SVQTkXPiZVnxM5w?si=qHsM0q5cSNiSMEK4oQt5kA

What are the major qualities of this song?

A

La Cumparasita, most famous tango

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14
Q

What is a minstrel show?

A

First distinct American entertainment
White people blackened their skin
Started off not as racism but as mockery of upper class

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15
Q

What is Jim Crow?

A

Minstrel performance of Thomas Rice
Mockery through mixed dialect

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16
Q

What are qualities of minstrel songs?

A

Popular as sheet music
Had stereotypical black instruments: bajon, claves
Travelling performance
Popular because it crossed rural with urban

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17
Q

Who is Stephen Foster

A

Huge american songwriter in 1800s
Versatile: genteel, ballads, folk songs, opera, minstrel songs
Wrote Jeanie with the Light Brown hair

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18
Q

What song is this: https://open.spotify.com/track/1E7ymz7MREJKjNIHGPbGpF?si=ODhU7FkkQhqexzn583Rkyw

What are the qualities of this song?

A

Form: AABA

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19
Q

What is Tin Pan Alley

A

Large building in NYC with lots of small rooms each with a piano
Creation of many popular styles of music

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20
Q

What are the qualities of Tin Pan Alley songs?

A

Common form: AABA
Vaudeville
Promoted by song pluggers

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21
Q

What is Ragtime?

A

Syncopated piano music that originated out of Tin Pan Alley
Left hand playing beat, right hand playing off beat
Was a kind of rebellious music

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22
Q

Who is Scott Joplin?

A

Ragtime composer, famously created Maple Leaf Rag

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23
Q

What song is this: https://open.spotify.com/track/0Pcks7WegMQRazrETNl6Yd?si=o4cIg1vUQm6M2Rs6NFmoSw

What is its form?

A

Maple Leaf Rag
AABBACCD

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24
Q

What is the Phonograph

A

First record player

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25
Q

What is Tin Pan Alley song form?

A

AABA
One verse (intro) followed by a refrain (in AABA
- Somewhere Over the Rainbow
- Deed I do

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26
Q

What is Jazz?

A

Hybrid of uptown black spiritual music and creole downtown music

Confluence of genres

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27
Q

What are the instrument roles of Jazz?`

A

Trumpet: melody
Clarinet: counter melody
Trombone: bass
Piano: chords
Drums: regular pulse against syncopation

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28
Q

What is dixieland jazz band?

A

White group
First Jazz recording

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29
Q

What is Creole Jazz Band?

A

Black Group
King Joe Oliver

30
Q

What is this song https://open.spotify.com/track/27NnHXU3w40RFJF9HEpazP?si=7ba31a53296349d7

What are the qualities of this song?

A

Tiger Rag

Stop time technique
Shout chorus
Interaction of Different instruments

31
Q

What is this song
https://open.spotify.com/track/1ellvuD5W8qe7qXUCr5wsV?si=8ed44ef149094e60

What are the qualities of this song?

A

Dippermouth Blues

SWING
Quintesential american jazz song

32
Q

Who is Louis Armstrong?

A

virtuosity on trumpet
swing
long solos

33
Q

What is this song https://open.spotify.com/track/7dOz8RrPWP9UgJ8X8p1vU7?si=e1e81c069aa247aa

What are the qualities of this song?

A

West End Blues

Clear form even with improv
12 bar blues form
Scat singing

34
Q

What are race records?

A

Recorded by and for BLACK ARTISTS, jazz, gospel, blues

35
Q

What is hillbilly music?

A

Recorded by and for and SOUTHERN WHITE ARTISTS

36
Q

What is country blues?

A

Blues without standard form
Passed down through aural tradition

37
Q

What is classic blues?

A

12 BAR BLUES FORM → 3 sets of 4 bars

1 bar has 4 beats (emphasis of back beat)
Each set is a phrase (each set is the tonic, subdominant, or dominant)
(Group 1: tonic, group 2 subdominant - tonic, group 3 dominant - tonic)
1 verse is the 3 sets (phrases)
1,4,5 chord progression
Tonic, subdominant, dominant
AAB

38
Q

What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/3cw8eL6EI64aCw9Mw6Ipgd?si=8a02ef6b189147d2

What are the qualities of this song?

A

12 bar blues form with Tin Pan Alley form
Bessie Smith
Organ, misery, blues notes are prominant

Form: A(aab) A(aab) B (abab) C (aab)

39
Q

What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/1TrGdXSgiBm8W68D2K1COG?si=44cfc48966a841d1

What are the qualities of this song?

A

12 bar blues from with extensions of phrases, Robert Johnson`, ver symbolic lyrics

40
Q

Who is the Carter Family?

A

Family trio
No “showiness”, uncomplicated simple songs
Carter Family Lick: (playing low strings, and then chord on the high strings)

41
Q

What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/0OGqPFqcOddyM4jFuVEtrA?si=b0aa9f60486e4f07

What are the qualities of this song?

A

gospel ship

straightforward presentation
No bravatto
Carter Family Lick

42
Q

What is the Golden Gate Quartet

A

Black Gospel tradition
Contrast to the Carter Family

43
Q

What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/3qmGELGeKXlu3YR6Q6c1Gk?si=7f65bc7b2b3a48d6

What are the qualities of this song?

A

Back beat
Performative
Rhythmic background with other
vocalists

44
Q

Who is Jimmie Rodgers?

A

Prominent yodeler or Hilbilly Music

45
Q

What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/6vAh3ALReeVlTwakTYgWZR?si=47df1053c5c54203

What are the qualities of this song?

A

Yodel is the chorus in between each verse
Timbre: high lonesome sound
Form: - A: 1 2 3 4 5
- B: 1 2 3 4 5
-C: 1 2 3 4

46
Q

what is swing music?

A

“Delayed” notes
Culture not just music, cultural aesthetics: dress and architecture

47
Q

Who is Benny Goodman?

A

Tour of California was the “birth” of swing

48
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6qYfKhS2CxhEt8x0OCTIY4?si=7da42127151540c5

What are the qualities of this song?

A

Call and response between reeds and brass
Crooner in refrain, extended intro
Form: AA Transition AABA

49
Q

Who is Duke Ellington

A

One of the most important musicians of the 20th century
Crosses all communities and subdivisions of America
Jungle Music Style: experimental (unusual form, timbre (dark complex)), dense textures

50
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3Jw4lBWbcznhlitliEMW0x?si=fa5b87d78e9a4c4b

What are the qualities of this song?

A

Caravan
experiment in texture and timbre percussion is consistent to create mood
mutes in instruments
Exoticism

51
Q

Who is Glen Miller (glen miller orchestra)?

A

Marked the apex of the swing era
“White” swing sound, preppy, predictable

52
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5sj197xVLlMuwxgSCXYEkU?si=ff62b9cda0ec47b2

What are the qualities of this song?

A

In the mood

biggest hit of the swing era
simple variations that are predictable familiar
bright timbre
easy structure
trick ending

Form: 12 bar blues form with TPA bridge

53
Q

Who are two of the biggest Jazz singers, and what were their major songs?

A

Billie Holiday: → example: Strange Fruit: very impressive singing, protest lynching
Ella Fitzgerald: → example: Air Mail Special: tremendous rhythmic vocal flexibility

54
Q

What is magnetic tape recording?

A

better able to capture full range then records, layers, recording is easier

55
Q

What is the difference between 33 rpm and 45 rpm record size?

A

33: 20 minutes of music on each side
45: singles

56
Q

Who is Frank Sinatra?

A

First big band singer to go solo
Cross media promotion
Crooner

57
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4JSuDtZATHNCygWbvquioq?si=ba4dd10433c1495e

What are the qualities of this song?

A

big change from the swing era
string instruments dominate
tempo rubato (beat isn’t constant) invokes nonchalance

58
Q

Who is Nat King Cole

A

Major black artist to cross over to white artist charts
First black musician to have weekly tv and radio shows

59
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2WMyu5IYgxEuCd6xgFgJrl?si=ae024ebb92bd4f33

What are the qualities of this song?

A

piece in minor key
extreme rubato
rhythmic complexity
obscure meter
wild arrangement
oboe (signifier of eastern music, exotic music at the time)

60
Q

what is Rhythm Blues?

A

race records that became Rhythm and Blues

61
Q

What are jump Blues?

A

blues: piano, bass, drums, horns
Hard swing

62
Q

What is Boogie Woogie?

A

12 bar blues with a constant subdivision and repetitive bass

63
Q

Who is Louis Jordan and the Tympany Five?

A

Must successful Jump Blues band

64
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7zomto7FxxjE7Actd0hz03?si=e1d6c76072af48f5

What are the qualities of this song?

A

Boogie woogie sound
Form: 12 bar blues verse and TPA chorus (ABAC)

65
Q

What is electric blues?

A

Amplified version of country/delta blues
Rough gritty timbre
Distortion and feedback
Steady rhythms
Loneliness, independence and misfortune are major themes

66
Q

Who is Muddy Waters?

A

Father of electric blues
electric guitar replaces horns of jump blues as well as a harmonica

67
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5F7qmHHRIsYxnVZttf4cr9?si=45ca3efaa50f4b9f

What are the qualities of this song?

A

essential electric blues song, heavy rhythms, sexual prowess, 16 bar blues (8 bars of tonic, then 4 and 4)

68
Q

Who is Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton?

A

Singer, drummer, harmonica player, vaudeville comedian
One woman show

69
Q

What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5Oc0vLGWdEWeCqIU8zyELt?si=2116735d70ac45e6

What are the qualities of this song?

A

female power
country blues phrasing
guitar solo
elvis took this song later

70
Q

What is country and western genre?

A

Gained popularity after WW2
Independent record labels helped popularity
Nashville became center

71
Q

Who is Hank Williams?

A

Most significant figure when country first became popular
brought the image of the hard loving rambler

72
Q

What song is this?
https://open.spotify.com/track/0hveAq1VSNWo9MQYGMHvFF?si=c96ceec9d8ef4f62

What are the qualities of this song?

A

waltz meter
strophic form
lyrics (nature, stars)
country twang

Music 103 (2 decks)

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