midterm 2

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

the stimulation of the sense organs

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

the selection organization and interperatation of the sensory input

Question 3

transduction

Answer 3

the process where sensations translated to electrochemical transmission

Question 4

transduction

Answer 4

the study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Question 5

stimulus

Answer 5

any detectable input from the environment

Question 6

just noticable difference

Answer 6

the smallest difference in a amount of stimulation that a specific sense can detect

Question 7

webners law

Answer 7

size of a JND as a constant (webers fraction) that is proportional to the size of the initial stimulas

Question 8

fechners law

Answer 8

subjective sensation is proportional to the logarthm of the stimulas intensity

Question 9

sensory adaptation

Answer 9

a gradual decline in sensitivity due to prolonged stimulation

Question 10

parts of human ear

Answer 10

external pinna, middle ear ossicles, inner ear cochlea

Question 11

place theory

Answer 11

pitch perception corresponds to the vibration of different portion or places along the basilar membrane

Question 12

frequency theory

Answer 12

pitch perception corresponds to the rate or frequency at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates

Question 13

auditory localization

Answer 13

locating the source of a sound in space

Question 14

physical stimuli

Answer 14

odourants, substances carried in the air

Question 15

pathway

Answer 15

Olfactory cilia, neural impulse, olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb

Question 16

sense of smell shows sensory adaptation

Answer 16

percieved strength of an odour usually fades to less an half it’s original Strength within 4 minutes

Question 17

pathway of taste

Answer 17

taste bud, neural impulse, thalamus, cortex

Question 18

physical Stimuli

Answer 18

mechanical, thermaI, and chemical energy impinging on your skin

Question 19

pathway Skin

Answer 19

sensory receptors, spinal column, brainstem, cross to opposite, thalamus, Somatosensory

Question 20

temperature

Answer 20

free nerve endings on Skin

Question 21

feeling pain (fast)

Answer 21

resisters localized pain and relays in half a second (Cortex)

Question 22

feeling pain (slow)

Answer 22

conveys the less localized longer lasting aching or burning pain

Question 23

gate control theory

Answer 23

incoming pain sensations pass through a “gate” in the spinal could that can be closed to block pain signals

Question 24

descending neural pathway

Answer 24

mediates the supression of pain

Question 25

kinestetic system

Answer 25

monitors the positions of various parts of the body

Question 26

vestibular system

Answer 26

responds to gravity and keeps you informed of your bodies location and space

Question 27

myopia

Answer 27

nearsightedness you can’t see objects for away image is focused in front of retina cornect or lens bends light too much or eyeball is to long

Question 28

hyperopia

Answer 28

farsightedness inability to see hear by objects image is behind retina eyeball Is to Short

Question 29

trichromatic theory

Answer 29

human eye has 3 typy of receptors with differeing sensitivities that react to different source of light

Question 30

opponent process theory

Answer 30

the human eye has three types of receptors with differing types of sensitivities to different wavelengths of light each come is responsive to two colors

Question 31

dual process theory

Answer 31

combing trichromatic and opponent process theories lateral geniculate nucleus cells in retina and visual cortex that repond in opposite ways to red vs green and blue vs yellow

Question 32

figure ground relationship

Answer 32

organize Scenes tou central figure and a background

Question 33

perceptual constancies

Answer 33

Stable perceptions amid changing stimuli

Question 34

genotype

Answer 34

Specific genetic makeup present from birth unchanging

Question 35

phenotype

Answer 35

observable characteristics can be altered height

Question 36

hereditary

Answer 36

passage of characteristics from parents to offspring by way of genes

Question 37

hereitability

Answer 37

how much of the variation in a characteristics within a characteristic within a population can be attributed to a genetic differences

Question 38

heritability

Answer 38

estimate of how much of a characteristics is due to genetic factors

Question 39

concordance rate

Answer 39

rate of co occurence of a characteristics among individual

Question 40

monogamous

Answer 40

two parents have equal parental investment, little sexual dimorphism, usually arises because anyone parent could not success fully rear their young

Question 41

polyandry

Answer 41

one female many males

Question 42

polygyny

Answer 42

one male many female

Question 43

polygynandry

Answer 43

many males many females

Question 44

altruism

Answer 44

one individual helps another but there are costs involved

Question 45

kin selection theory

Answer 45

arose to increase likelihood of relatives surviving

Question 46

recipicural altruism theory

Answer 46

people help each other when it might cost a little bit with the hope they are paid back

Question 47

consciousnes

Answer 47

the awarenes of internal and external Stimuli

Question 48

freud Dream protection

Answer 48

dreams are the guardialy of sleep the ego is less able to keep Sexual and aggressive insticts at bay by repressing

Question 49

activation synthesis theory

Answer 49

proposes that drean reflect brain activation in Sleep than a repressed desire balance of neurotransmitters in brain shifts continually activate/depress brain areas

Question 50

evolutionary hypothesis of dreams

Answer 50

suggest that the content of dreams have biological significance we dream about thing that are related to survival and they can be used to enhanced preformance when encountering threatening events