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Psych 104 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychology

A

Scientific study of mind behaviour

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2
Q

What’s mind

A

Private events that happen inside a person

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3
Q

What is behaviour

A

Public events potentially observed by others

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4
Q

Philosophical dualism

A

Mind and body are fundamentally different

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5
Q

Philosophical materialism

A

All mental phenomena are reducible to physical phenomena

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6
Q

Philosophical realism

A

Perception of the physical world entirely by sensory organ information

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7
Q

Philosophical realism

A

Perceptions of the physical world and brains best interpretation of of the information the enters through our sensory apparatus

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8
Q

Philosophical empiricism

A

All knowledge is acquired through experience

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9
Q

Philosophical empiricism

A

All knowledge is acquired through experience

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10
Q

Philosophical nativism

A

Some knowledge innate rather than acquired

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11
Q

Structuralism

A

Approach that attempted isolate and analyze the the minds basic elements

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

Emphasized the adaptive significance of mental processes

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13
Q

Hysteria

A

Loss of function that has no obvious physical origin

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14
Q

Illusions

A

Errors of perception memory and judgement in which subjective experiences differ from objective reality iillagionary motions

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15
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

study of the relationship between the brain and the mind

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16
Q

Behavioral neuroscience

A

Study of the relationship between the brain and behavior

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16
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

technique for gathering scientific information by unobtrusively observing people in their natural environments

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17
Q

Observer bias

A

tendency for observers expectations to influence what they believe observed and what actually observed

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18
Q

Internal validity

A

attribute of an experiment that allows it to establish casual relationships

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19
Q

external validity

A

attribute of an experiment in which variables have been operationally defined in a representative way

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20
Q

case method

A

method of gathering scientific knowledge by studying a single a single individual

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21
Q

random sampling

A

technique for choosing participants to ensure that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

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22
Q

nonrandom sampling

A

acceptable technique if the similarity between a sample and the population doesn’t matter when direct replication is available and if the similarity between the two is a reasonable starting assumption

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23
Q

Type 1 Error

A

Error occurs when researchers conclude that there is a causal relationship between two variables when there is not

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24
Q

Type 2 Error

A

Error occurs when researchers conclude that there is not a causal relationship between two variable when in reality there is

25
Q

Neurons

A

Cells in nervous system that communicate with one another to preform information processing tasks

26
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

Coordinates information processing tasks and keeps cell alive

27
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

28
Q

Synapse

A

Is junction or region between axon of one neuron and dendrites or cell body of another

29
Q

axon

A

Transmits information to other muscles or glands

30
Q

agonist

A

drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter

31
Q

antagonsits

A

drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter

32
Q

central nervous system

A

composed of the brain and the spinal cord

33
Q

Brain

A

Supports perception motor functions emotion cognition

34
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

branches down from the brain

35
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

connects the CNS to the body’s organ and muscle

36
Q

sympathetic nervous sytem

A

prepares the body for action in threatening situations

37
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

helps the body return to a normal resting state

38
Q

spinal reflexes

A

simple pathways in nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contraction

39
Q

reflex arc

A

neural pathway that controls reflex actions

40
Q

cervical nerves

A

controls the head, neck, diaphragm, deltoids, bicep and wrist extenders

41
Q

thoracic nerves

A

chest muscles, abdominal muscles

42
Q

Lumbar nerves

A

Leg muscles

43
Q

Sacral nerves

A

bowel, bladder and sexual function

44
Q

HIndbrain

A

Coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord also controls the basic functions of life

45
Q

Midbrain

A

Important for momentum and movement

46
Q

Forebrain

A

Highest level of brain critical for complex cognitive emotional sensory and motor functions

47
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays and filters information from the sense and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex; part of the limbic system

48
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates body temperature hunger third and sexual behavior part of the limbic system

49
Q

hippocampus

A

critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex

50
Q

Basal ganglia

A

A set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements and plays a role in reward processing

Receives input from the cerebral cortex and sends outputs to the motor centers in the brain

51
Q

endocrine system

A

a network of glands that produces and secretes hormones into the bloodstream

52
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers influence several basic functions metabolism growth and sexual maturation

53
Q

pituitary gland

A

master gland of the body’s hormone gland

releases homrones that direct the function of many other glands in the body

54
Q

Main glands

A

Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, pancreas and ovary/testis

55
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Processes visual information

56
Q

parietal lobe

A

processes information about touch

57
Q

temporal love

A

responsible for hearing and language

58
Q

frontal lobe

A

specialized areas for movement abstract thinking planning memory and judgement

59
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

represents skin areas on contralateral surface of the body

60
Q

association areas

A

composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex

Psych 104 (2 decks)

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