Midterm 1

Question 1

What is psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of mind behaviour

Question 2

What’s mind

Answer 2

Private events that happen inside a person

Question 3

What is behaviour

Answer 3

Public events potentially observed by others

Question 4

Philosophical dualism

Answer 4

Mind and body are fundamentally different

Question 5

Philosophical materialism

Answer 5

All mental phenomena are reducible to physical phenomena

Question 6

Philosophical realism

Answer 6

Perception of the physical world entirely by sensory organ information

Question 7

Philosophical realism

Answer 7

Perceptions of the physical world and brains best interpretation of of the information the enters through our sensory apparatus

Question 8

Philosophical empiricism

Answer 8

All knowledge is acquired through experience

Question 9

Philosophical empiricism

Answer 9

All knowledge is acquired through experience

Question 10

Philosophical nativism

Answer 10

Some knowledge innate rather than acquired

Question 11

Structuralism

Answer 11

Approach that attempted isolate and analyze the the minds basic elements

Question 12

Functionalism

Answer 12

Emphasized the adaptive significance of mental processes

Question 13

Hysteria

Answer 13

Loss of function that has no obvious physical origin

Question 14

Illusions

Answer 14

Errors of perception memory and judgement in which subjective experiences differ from objective reality iillagionary motions

Question 15

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 15

study of the relationship between the brain and the mind

Question 16

Behavioral neuroscience

Answer 16

Study of the relationship between the brain and behavior

Question 16

Naturalistic observation

Answer 16

technique for gathering scientific information by unobtrusively observing people in their natural environments

Question 17

Observer bias

Answer 17

tendency for observers expectations to influence what they believe observed and what actually observed

Question 18

Internal validity

Answer 18

attribute of an experiment that allows it to establish casual relationships

Question 19

external validity

Answer 19

attribute of an experiment in which variables have been operationally defined in a representative way

Question 20

case method

Answer 20

method of gathering scientific knowledge by studying a single a single individual

Question 21

random sampling

Answer 21

technique for choosing participants to ensure that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

Question 22

nonrandom sampling

Answer 22

acceptable technique if the similarity between a sample and the population doesn’t matter when direct replication is available and if the similarity between the two is a reasonable starting assumption

Question 23

Type 1 Error

Answer 23

Error occurs when researchers conclude that there is a causal relationship between two variables when there is not

Question 24

Type 2 Error

Answer 24

Error occurs when researchers conclude that there is not a causal relationship between two variable when in reality there is

Question 25

Neurons

Answer 25

Cells in nervous system that communicate with one another to preform information processing tasks

Question 26

Cell body (soma)

Answer 26

Coordinates information processing tasks and keeps cell alive

Question 27

Dendrite

Answer 27

Receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

Question 28

Synapse

Answer 28

Is junction or region between axon of one neuron and dendrites or cell body of another

Question 29

axon

Answer 29

Transmits information to other muscles or glands

Question 30

agonist

Answer 30

drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 31

antagonsits

Answer 31

drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter

Question 32

central nervous system

Answer 32

composed of the brain and the spinal cord

Question 33

Brain

Answer 33

Supports perception motor functions emotion cognition

Question 34

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 34

branches down from the brain

Question 35

peripheral nervous system

Answer 35

connects the CNS to the body's organ and muscle

Question 36

sympathetic nervous sytem

Answer 36

prepares the body for action in threatening situations

Question 37

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 37

helps the body return to a normal resting state

Question 38

spinal reflexes

Answer 38

simple pathways in nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contraction

Question 39

reflex arc

Answer 39

neural pathway that controls reflex actions

Question 40

cervical nerves

Answer 40

controls the head, neck, diaphragm, deltoids, bicep and wrist extenders

Question 41

thoracic nerves

Answer 41

chest muscles, abdominal muscles

Question 42

Lumbar nerves

Answer 42

Leg muscles

Question 43

Sacral nerves

Answer 43

bowel, bladder and sexual function

Question 44

HIndbrain

Answer 44

Coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord also controls the basic functions of life

Question 45

Midbrain

Answer 45

Important for momentum and movement

Question 46

Forebrain

Answer 46

Highest level of brain critical for complex cognitive emotional sensory and motor functions

Question 47

Thalamus

Answer 47

Relays and filters information from the sense and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex; part of the limbic system

Question 48

hypothalamus

Answer 48

regulates body temperature hunger third and sexual behavior part of the limbic system

Question 49

hippocampus

Answer 49

critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex

Question 50

Basal ganglia

Answer 50

A set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements and plays a role in reward processing Receives input from the cerebral cortex and sends outputs to the motor centers in the brain

Question 51

endocrine system

Answer 51

a network of glands that produces and secretes hormones into the bloodstream

Question 52

hormones

Answer 52

chemical messengers influence several basic functions metabolism growth and sexual maturation

Question 53

pituitary gland

Answer 53

master gland of the body's hormone gland releases homrones that direct the function of many other glands in the body

Question 54

Main glands

Answer 54

Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, pancreas and ovary/testis

Question 55

Occipital lobe

Answer 55

Processes visual information

Question 56

parietal lobe

Answer 56

processes information about touch

Question 57

temporal love

Answer 57

responsible for hearing and language

Question 58

frontal lobe

Answer 58

specialized areas for movement abstract thinking planning memory and judgement

Question 59

somatosensory cortex

Answer 59

represents skin areas on contralateral surface of the body

Question 60

association areas

Answer 60

composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex