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Skincare > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Functions of the skin: 6

A

Sensation
Protection
Heat regulation
Excretion
Secretion
Absorption

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2
Q

Skin type: 1

A

Determined genetically

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3
Q

Skin Conditions:1

A

Caused by external factors

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4
Q

Massage: 1

A

Manual or mechanical manipulation achieved by rubbing, kneading or other methods that stimulate metabolism and circulation

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5
Q

Benefits of Massage: 10

A

Relaxation
Stimulation
Improved metabolism
Helps muscle tone
Cleansing
Exfoliation
Reduces puffiness
Produces absorption
Relieves tension
Sense of well-being

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6
Q

Massage contraindications: 9

A

Contagious disease
Inflamed acne
Sunburn/windburn
Sensitive skin
Open lesions, cuts, sores
Skin disorders
Severe uncontrolled hypertension
Uncontrolled diabetes
Cancer

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7
Q

What massage can estheticians not perform:

A

Therapeutic massage/ deep tissue

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8
Q

5 main massage movements

A

Effleurage – continuous stroking
Petrissage – stimulation- kneading, pinching
Tapotement – fast tapping
Vibration – rapid shaking
Friction – rubbing technique

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9
Q

How long are massages in treatment :

A

10-20 mins ‘

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10
Q

What is important to do during massage: 3

A

Maintain consistent flow
Don’t break contact
communicate with client- pressure

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11
Q

Benefits of professional Masks: 7

A

draws impurities out of pores
Clears blemishes
Tighten and tone
Hydrate
Nourish
Calm
Rejuvenate

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12
Q

Microdermabrasion: 2

A

Machine based exfoliation

Uses crystal spray or diamond tips to gently polish dead skin cells

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13
Q

Crystal Microdermabrasion: 4

A

Spraying high grade micro-crystals across face through hand piece, and vacuumed off simultaneously

corundum powder, aluminum oxide

Messy and requires additional cleanup

Respiratory hazard

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14
Q

Crystal-Free/ Diamond tip microdermabrasion: 2

A

Diamond tip applicator that gently polishes dead skin

Same results with less clean up

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15
Q

the treatment: microdermabrasion:2

A

Offered alone or part of a facial, or advanced treatments

Drying effects- serums, masks, hydration can be added after

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16
Q

what must be done while performing microdermabrasion: 2

A

Performed in stretched skin- action zone

To avoid skin damage and have optimal results

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17
Q

factors of the number of passes of microdermabrasion:4

A

skin type
Skin condition
erythema
toleration

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18
Q

Technique of microdermabrasion: 5

A

Cross-hatching method

Horizontal, vertical and diagonal directional applications

2 passes

Used to complete treatment quicker

Fewer passes for sensitive areas/sensitive skin

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19
Q

Factors of aggressive microdermabrasion: 3

A

Higher vacuum

Time in contact with skin

More passes

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20
Q

Endpoint of microdermabrasion:

A

Erythema/redness

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21
Q

When to use microdermabrasion: 2

A

Those who cannot tolerate acids

Surface exfoliation

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22
Q

Microdermabrasion used to diminish: 6

A

Sun damage

Pigmentation

Open and closed comedomes

Fine lines and wrinkles

Enlarged pores and coarsely textured skin

Stimulate cell metabolism and blood flow

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23
Q

Contraindications and precautions for microdermabrasion: 13

A

Recent cosmetic surgeries, laser, chemical peels, dermabrasion

Injects/fillers

Retin-A, prescribed exfoliants

Allergies/sensitivities to products/ingredients

Pregnancy

Herpes

Hyperpigmentation tendencies

Rosacea/acne

Infectious diseases

Open sores/lesions

Sunburn/irritation

Fragile skin

Photosensitizing medication

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24
Q

What should clients avoid after microdermabrasion:6

A

Sun exposure

Sweating

Scrubs

Rubbing

Depilatories/waxing

Chemical exfoliation

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25
Q

microdermabrasion machine contains and how to clean: 5

A

Motors- internal

Hoses – wiped down

Filters- gets replaced

Hand-pieces – wiped down

Motors and hand-pieces must be dry

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26
Q

Crystal microdermabrasion use and safety 4

A

Only use recommended crystal

Don’t over use crystals

Crystals should flow on skin surface only

Avoid breathing in, or getting them in eyes/nose

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27
Q

Cleanup and disposal of crystal microdermabrasion machines: 4

A

Clean while wearing gloves and a mask to avoid contact

Separate containers for used and un-used crystals preferred for safety

Follow directions for disposal and maintenance

Treatment room linens also need to be cleaned and checked for crystals

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28
Q

Extractions: 4

A

Manually removing comedomes, dead cells, sebum, bacteria, and other debris from follicles

Allows follicles to contract back to regular size

Often only way to expel debris

Sometimes may need lancet – pustules and milia (closed comeomes)

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29
Q

Desincrustation:1

A

Refers to the process of softening the skin and sebaceous impactions by applying chemical that helps liquify to softer consistency

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30
Q

Desincrustation solutions; 2

A

More alkaline pH

Applied to oily areas, clogged pores and areas of extraction

On for 10-15 mins

Used with steam

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31
Q

What procedures is desincrustation used for: 3

A

Extractions
Galvanic current
Suction/vacuuming

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32
Q

General rules of extractions: 6

A

Always wear gloves

Don’t go over 10 minutes

Keep skin pulled tight

Proper pre-softening of skin

Tone/antiseptic after

No AHA after

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33
Q

High Frequency Machine: 5

A

Apparatus that utilizes a smooth, repetitive, alternating current (tesla/sinusoidal)

Produces heat

No polarity in effect does not produce chemical changes- no product penetration

Rapid oscillation vibrates water molecules – produces mild heat effect

Creates noise and has distinctive smell

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34
Q

Electrodes: 3

A

Several kinds of direct and indirect available with unique benefits and features producing specific physiological reactions

Neon/argon gases replace air in the tubes as

As electricity passes they emit visible light

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35
Q

Neon gas; light colour and use: 2

A

Pink, orange or red light

Sensitive skin and aging skin

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36
Q

Argon gas; light and use: 2

A

Blue or violet light
Normal-oily skin and acne prone skin

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37
Q

When to use high frequency: 2

A

After extractions
Over product- but will not penetrate

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38
Q

Effects of high frequency: 6

A

Antiseptic and healing effect from ozone

Stimulates circulation

Helps oxygenate the skin

Increase cell metabolism

Helps coagulate and heal from sparking

Warm and relaxing effect

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39
Q

Contraindications: for high frequency 10

A

Couperose

Inflamed

Pacemaker

Metal implants

Heart issues

High blood pressure

Braces

Epilepsy

Clients who are pregnant

Body piercings waist up

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40
Q

Guidelines for high frequency: 2

A

Avoid metal

Ground fingers to electrode before applying and removing

41
Q

Indirect High frequency effects: 4

A

Creates regenerating action

Increase blood flow

Great for skin lacking firmness and tone

Stimulating to dry skin

42
Q

Maintenance of high frequency: 4

A

Clean electrode with soap and water

No alcohol on electrode

Wipe only glass end

Don’t break or damage electrode

43
Q

Ultrasound Technology: 3

A

Ultrasound/sonic refers to frequency above range of sound audible to human ear

Uses non-invasive sound waves

Based on high-frequency oscillation produced by metal spatula-like tool

44
Q

When to use Ultrasound: 3

A

Product penetration
cellulite reduction

Cleanse and exfoliate from vibrations through water medium

Viable choice for clients with sensitive skin and rosacea- nonabrasive nature

45
Q

Ultrasound effects: 5

A

Penetrates deep- stimulates tissue, increased blood flow and promotes oxygenation

Lower the frequency the deeper the penetration

Cellulite- through heat manipulation of tissue and
lymphatic movement

Heat created, vibration in cells stimulates circulation, metabolism and lymph drainage

Heat damage stimulates collagen production

46
Q

Ultrasonic; sonophoresis: 1

A

Process where device sends waves through skin to assist with product penetration

47
Q

Contraindications of ultrasonic: 9

A

Open/unidentified skin lesions

Heart conditions

Pacemakers/implants

Epilepsy

Pregnancy

Advanced diabetes

Cancerous lesions

Anyone under doctors care

Metal

48
Q

Best practices and safety considerations for ultrasonic: 2

A

Maintain constant movement on moist skin to Avoid excessive heat build-up and unstable cavitation

Caution on fragile/thin skin

49
Q

Spray for vacuum machine: 3

A

Beneficial in calming and hydrating the skin

Can be used to apply toner

Attached to vacuum machine

50
Q

Contraindications for spray machine :1

A

Respiratory issues

51
Q

Safety for spray machine: 3

A

Do not allow to drip into eyes, mouth, ears or down neck

Do not leave solution in spray bottle overnight

Only use in well-ventilated room

52
Q

Vacuum: 2

A

Suction is beneficial to remove impurities and stimulate skin

Perform machine-aided massage

53
Q

Vacuum machine- 2 main functions: 2

A

Used after desincrustation and before extractions

To stimulate the dermal layer, lymphatic and blood circulation

54
Q

What are the attachments for the vacuum machine: 2

A

Ventouse

Glass or plastic

55
Q

Vacuum machine contraindications: 6

A

Couperose
Dilated capillaries
Open lesions
Rosacea
Inflamed
Loose skin- caution

56
Q

Vacuum machine safety: 5

A

Do not hold still over area

Clean ventouse soap and water/process

Disinfect machine

Filter in hose needs to be changed frequently

Store ventouse in protective package

57
Q

When to use vacuum machine: 2

A

Deep pore cleaning- after desincrustation with steamer, before extractions

Sluggish skin- after exfoliation, before serum/mask

58
Q

How to move vacuum across face: 1

A

From center out towards lymphs

59
Q

Chemical exfoliation: 4

A

Process of removing excess accumulations of dead skin cells from surface with superficial peeling , exfoliation and desquamation

More significant results

Produce chemical change

Come in many formulations and strengths \

60
Q

Basic treatment protocol for chemical peels: 4

A

Varies depending on product line

Applying product

Neutralizing

Removing

61
Q

Acids pH; 1

A

0-6

62
Q

Neutral pH; 1

A

7

63
Q

Alkaline pH: 1

A

8-14

64
Q

Skin average pH:1

A

4.5-5.5

65
Q

Cell renewal factor:1

A

Cell turnover rate

66
Q

Cell renewal factor for babies:1

A

14 days

67
Q

Cell renewal factor for teens: 1

A

21-28 days

68
Q

Cell renewal factor for adults: 1

A

28-42 days

69
Q

Cell renewal factor for 50 and older: 1

A

42-84 days

70
Q

Factors influencing cell renewal factor ;6

A

Genetics
Natural environment
Medical history
Life style
Personal care
Exfoliation methods

71
Q

Superficial or light peels: 3

A

Administered by estheticians

Only removes from stratum corneum

Enzymes, glycolic acid, lactic acid (30% or less)

72
Q

Medium or deep peels: 2

A

Administered by physicians
Penetrate deeper into dermal layer

73
Q

What chemicals are used for deep peels: 5

A

Resorcinal

Phenol acid – carbolic acid/bakers peel

Trichloroacetic acid TCA

Glycolic acid- 50% or more

Jesseners Peel

74
Q

General effects of chemical exfoliation and peels: 6

A

Improves texture, barrier function and moisture retention

Increased cell renewal factor, hydration and

intercellular lipids

Reduced fine lines, wrinkles and surface pigment

Smoother and softer skin

Improved skin conditions

Potential stimulation of elastin and collagen

75
Q

General precautions: 4

A

Use sunscreen- Need to be protected from UV to avoid hyper pigment and damage

Can result in burns that may require medical attention and cause scars

Follow instructions

Perform patch test

76
Q

What is the aftercare for chemical peels: 8

A

Next 24-48 hours

Avoid sun exposure

Scrubs

Rubbing

Pulling dead skin

Depilatories and waxing

Benzoyl peroxide

Exfoliation/glycolic products

77
Q

Contraindications of chemical peels: 13

A

Recent cosmetic procedures, laser, chemical, dermabrasion

Injects and fillers

Skin exfoliating topicals

Allergies/sensitivities

Pregnancy

Herpes

Hyperpigmentation tendencies

Rosacea/ acne

Infectious disease

Open sores/lesions

Sunburn/irritation

Photosensitizing meds

Other contraindicated drugs/meds

78
Q

What is an enzyme peel: 2

A

Proteolytic in nature

Work to digest keratin in dead skin cells on surface

79
Q

Forms of enzyme peel: 2

A

Ready to use mask

Powder with liquid activator

80
Q

Ingredients of enzyme peels: 4

A

Bromelain
Papain
Pancreatin
Trypsin

81
Q

Wen to use enzyme peel: 4

A

Once every 1-2 weeks

With clinical facial

Prepare for advanced treatment

Not prior to chemical peel

82
Q

Consideration for treatment of enzyme peel: 6

A

Skin type

Sebaceous gland activity

Skin conditions

Philosophy of sun exposure

Cosmetic and product use

Any acne products/retinols

83
Q

Effects of enzyme peel: 5

A

Superficial and temporary

Refreshed dewy complexion

No in-depth clinical changes

Very light erythema/redness

Minimal tingle

84
Q

Best practices of enzyme peel: 3

A

Eyewear for client and tech

Some areas may process sooner – may need spot removal

Prepare to remove at endpoint of application to avoid over processing

85
Q

AHA peels:4

A

Alpha hydroxy acids

Mild acids that come in different percentages and pH levels

No peeling or flaking

Exfoliate and dissolve

86
Q

What does AHA do:2

A

Penetrate and loosen bond between cells

Stimulate production of intercellular lipids

87
Q

What kinds of acids can AHA contain and where is it from: 6

A

Glycolic acid- sugar cane
Lactic acid – milk
Tartaric acid- grapes
Malic acid- apples
Citric acid – citrus
Mandelic acid – bitter almond

88
Q

BHA peels: 5

A

Beta hydroxy acids- under same premise of AHA

Better suited to dissolve oil

Primarily for oily skin and acne

Usually stronger than AHA

Slight flaking and peeling

89
Q

What does BHA contain: 2

A

Salicylic acid – anti-inflammatory properties

Clients allergic to aspirin cannot use

90
Q

When to use AHA peels:5

A

Home care regimen to prepare skin and jumpstart process

Maintenance- montlhy peel

Graduated peeling system

Clients cleared for this level of peeling

Those who want faster results

91
Q

When to use BHA peels: 5

A

Same as AHA, but added products specifically for oily skin

Acne and oily

Lower strength and work up

Implemented according to goal

Maintenance to maintain results

92
Q

Best Practices for AHA and BHA peels: 8

A

Explain outcomes and realistic goals

Choose type based on skin condition and goals

Eyewear

Barriers to corners of eyes and nostrils

Aware of sun exposure

Stinging and tingling during application- fan or tap to cool down

During neutralization peel can be temporarily reactive do to rehydration

BHA may have residue

93
Q

What is Jessner’s and TCA peel: 8

A

Stronger superficial peel

jessners solution- mix of salicylic acid, resorcinal, lactic acid, ethanol

TCA=Trichloroacetic acid

Applies low percentage and fewer layers

Protein coagulation- flaking and peeling

May not be neutralized and stay on face to rinse later

Home care regimen

Starting at lower strength and working up

94
Q

What are Jessners and TCA peels addressing: 4

A

Aging
Sun damage
Oily
Acne

95
Q

Jessner peel use: 3

A

Primarily for oily and acne and sun damage

Applied in several layers

Once every 3-4 weeks or more

96
Q

TCA peels use: 3

A

Aging and sun damage

Applied in several layers

Once every 3-4 or more weeks

97
Q

Jessener and TCA best practices: 7

A

Same contraindications as AHA/BHA

Eye wear and barriar cream in sensitive areas

Beware of sun

May have more stinging- use fan to cool

Mild erythema/frosting immediately after

Flaking and peeling- no picking or peeling

Once peel process is complete can return to normal
skin products

98
Q

What is a designer peel: 3

A

Yield more targeted results

Additional ingredients may be added

Pigment lighteners, acne ingredients, moisturizers or hydrators

Skincare (4 decks)

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