Final Flashcards
what is healthy skin (4)
- slightly moist
-soft
-smooth
-somewhat acidic
how skin functions (2)
- strong barrier designed to protect from outside elements
-body systems work together to regulate and protect
what are the 6 primary functions of the skin
- Sensation
- protection
- heat regulation
- excretion
- secretion
- absorption
sensation (2)
Sensations cause us to react, feel and move
-nerve sensors help to detect different sensations and perceive changes in our environment; heat, cold, pain, pressure
Protection (3)
- barrier to outside elements
-many defence mechanisms; sedum, acidic mantle, hyropidic film
- skin has ability to heal itself
Heat regulation (3)
- average internal heat of 37C/98F
- changes to adjust to outside temperatures through evaporation, precipitation
- body systems work to protect us from cold (goose bumps) and from heat (sweat)
excretion (2)
- sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) extreme precipitation
- prevent overheating
Secretion (3)
- sebum protects and lubricates hair and skin
- maintains appropriate water levels in cells
- can also cause breakouts through over production
absorption (3)
absorbs chemicals, hormones, moisture, and oxygen for skin health
- vitamin D produced from sun exposure
- selectively absorbs topical products, serums, and creams to keep skin moist, nourished, and protected
dermis(2)
support layer of connective tissue under epidermis
true skin
Epidermis (2)
outermost layer of the skin composed of 5 layers
thin protective covering
5 layers of skin outer to inner
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granulosm
- stratum spinosum
- stratum germinatvum
what layer of epidermis do we work on
stratum corneum
Lesions
structural changes in tissue caused by damage and injury
Primary lesions (3)
- lesions in initial stage of development/change
- flat non-palpable changes in skin colour
-elevations of fluid in a cavity
secondary lesions (3)
-piles of material on skin surfaces
- crust/scabs/depressions/ulcers
- may require medical referrals
why we do skin analysis (4)
- helps recommend best products for each individual
- determining what products to use in service/ at home
- confirms whether appropriate candidate for treatment
- along with consultations it helps determine possible contraindications/conditions
what are the 4 genetic skin types
- dry
- oily
- combination
- normal
what does normal skin look like (4) (Oil, Hydration, Follicles, Appears…)
- oil: balanced
- hydration: balanced
- follicles: very small
- appears: uniform luminosity, no/rare blemishes
how does normal skin feel (3)
- soft
- smooth texture
- good elasticity
how is normal skin treated (2)
- maintenance and prevention treatments
- use 4 steps to skin health
what are the 4 steps to skin health
- cleanse
- exfoliate
- nourish
- protect
what does combination skin look like (4)
oil: moderate-high
hydration: good- dehydrated
follicle size: larger in T-zone
Appearance : build up of dead skin, oil in pores and nose, dry flakey skin, some comedones & bleamishes
what does combination skin feel like (1)
oilier in center & t-zones than sides of face
what dos oily skin look-like (4)
- oil: moderate- high
- hydration : good- dehydrates
follicle size: moderate - large
appearance: shiny, comedones, blemishes,
how does oily skin feel (2)
- thick and firm
- uneven due to congestion
how is oily skin treated ( 3)
- regular cleaning and exfoliation
- hydrating with water based products
- treatments to balance oil production
how do you treat combination skin (3)
- cleansing and exfoliation
- water based products
- avoid harsh products ad rough exfoliation
what does dry skin look like (4)
- oil; minimal production
- Hydration: minimal hydration
- Follicle size: difficult to visualize; fine pores
- appearance: dull, lack of lumicity, flakey and blotching
how does dry skin feel? (3)
- rough
- tight
- thin
how is dry ski treated (3)
- oil based products to provide protection of acid mantle and increase barrier function
- dry skin often has compromised water loss by evaporation
- treatment to provide nourishment and protection
what is the Fitzpatrick scale (2)
- used to measure skin types ability to tolerate UV exposure
- many skin treatment protocols are based on scale
Fitzpatrick type 1 (5) (eyes, hair, skin reaction to UV, unexposed skin, heritage)
eyes: blue/green
hair: blonde/red
unexposed skin: very white, almost translucent, freckles
heritage: caucasian
skin reaction to UV: always burns/peels/ does not tan
Fitzpatrick type 2 (5) (eyes, hair, skin reaction to UV, unexposed skin, heritage)
eyes: blue/hazel/brown
hair: red/blonde/brown
unexposed skin: light
Heritage; caucasian
skin reaction to UV: burns easily/ usually peels/ tans minimally
Fitzpatrick type 3 (5) (eyes, hair, skin reaction to UV, unexposed skin, heritage)
eyes: brown
hair: dark
unexposed skin: fair-olive
heritage: spanish, greek, Italian
skin reaction to UV: tans well/ burns moderately
Fitzpatrick type 4 (5) (eyes, hair, skin reaction to UV, unexposed skin, heritage)
eyes: dark
hair; dark
unexposed skin; light brown
heritage; Mediterranean, hispanic, asian
skin reaction to UV: tans easily, burn minimally, immediate pigment response
Fitzpatrick type 5 (5) (eyes, hair, skin reaction to UV, unexposed skin, heritage)
eyes: darks
hair: dark
unexposed skin: dark brown
heritage: East Indian, indian, hispanic, latin, African
reaction to UV: rarely burns, tans easily and significantly
Fitzpatrick type 6 (5) (eyes, hair, skin reaction to UV, unexposed skin, heritage)
eyes; dark
hair; dark
unexposed skin; dark brown/black
heritage: African/aboriginal
reaction to UV: rarely/never burns/ tans easily
acne
sebaceous breakout from hormonal changes/ other factors
actinic keratosis (3)
- rough area from chronic sun exposure
- sometimes layered with scale/scab
- can be precancerous
aging (5)
- skin laxity due to collagen/bone loss
- thinner skin
- dryness
- photo damage
- fine lines/wrinkles (rhytids)
asphyxiated (5)
- smokers; from lack of oxygen
- clogged pores
- wrinkles
- dull/lifeless
- yellowish/grey
comedones types
open and closed
open comedones (3)
- blackheads
- clogged pores
- buildup of debris, oil, dead skin cells in follicles
closed comedones (3)
- white heads
- not open to air/oxygen
- trapped skin cells that need to be exfoliated & extracted
couperose skin (1)
- redness with no visible vascularity because matting of blood vessels is so small and fine
cysts (2)
- fluid infection or other matter under the skin
- encapsulated into palpable firm mass of varying size .
dehydrated ( 1)
lack of water caused by environment, medications, topical agents, aging, or dehydrating drinks (coffee/alc)
enlarged pores (2)
- larger follicles due to excess oils and debris trapped in follicles
- expansion due to elasticity loss of trauma
erythema (1)
- redness caused by inflammation
growths(4)
- skin cells and underlying tissues that over produce and create an area that could be raised/flat
- can be distinguished with palpitations
- can be pigmented or same colour as tissue
- can present at birth or later
herpes Simplex 1(1)
- communicable virus that appears as a vesicle on lip or smaller blister
hirsutism (2)
- hair presenting in regions not typically found especially in women
- PCOS - acne and patches of thick darker velvety skin
hyperkerantization (1)
- excessive buildup of dead skin cells/ keratinized cells
hypertrichosis (1)
excessive hair growth- heredity
hypERpigmentation what is it, what are the 3 factors (4)
OVER production due to 1 of 3 factors…
A. UV exposure- brown spots of different shades
B. hormonally induced- melasma
C. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: from surface injury to skin, appearing red/purple/brown and fades
hypOpigmentation; what is it, what are the 4 factors (5)
LACK of melanin production due to 4 factors…
A. UV induced- intermingles with over production
B. Post-traumatic: lack of melanocyte production due to injury, burn, trauma . may produce again overtime
C. Vitiligo
D. Albinism
Irritation (1)
usually redness of inflammation with variety of causes
Keratosis Pilaris (1)
- build up of cells with rough texture
Melasma from Hyperpigmentation (4)
- patches of brown on cheeks/jaw/forhead/upperlip
- hormonal imbalances (pregnancy, birth control, hormone therapy)
- gets worse with sun exposure
Milia (1)
- hardened pedal like collections of oil and dead skin trapped beneath surface of skin
papules ( 1)
raised lesion aka blemishes
poikiloderma of civatte (3)
-chronic sun exposure
- along side of face and neck
- turns reddish-brown with clear demarcation of untanned skin under chin
poor elasticity (1)
- skin laxity from damage and sun exposure
pustules (1)
infected papule with fluid inside
scar (2)
- mark on skin where wound, burn or seal has healed , slightly raised or depressed
- sometime hyper/hypo pigmented
sebaceous hyperplasia (3)
-benign lesions seen in oilier areas of the face
- like donut holes
- cannot be extracted
seborrheas (3)
- aka seborrhic dermatitis
- excess oil production that causes redness, irritation and flaking
- occurs most often in hair as dandruff
sensitivities (3)
- physical reactions
- erythema, edema, wheals, itching, stinging, discomfort
- external/internal influence on skin
solar comedones (2)
- large open comedones
- usually around eyes due to sun exposure
striae (5)
- aka stretch marks
-dermal scars due to rapid expansion/ stretching of connective tissue
-deep red/pink/purple linear marks
- pink/silver overtime
- often occur during growth phases
sun damage and effects (2)
-UV damage to epidermis and dermis
- primary effects: wrinkles, collagen, elastin breakdowns, pigmentation, cancer
Rhytids- wrinkles and finelines
lines and damage from internal and external causes
Telangiectasia: what is it, why, and where. (4)
Visible capillaries
Commonly found on face around nose, cheeks and chin
Due to injury, rosacea, hormonal changes, exposure to extreme cold/heat
Cosmetic not medical
extrinsic/external aging (1)
factors that speed up aging process
extrinsic/external factors (7)
- sun exposure
- smoking
- drinking
- stress
- unhealthy diet
- lack of sleep
- lack of exercise
Intrinsic/internal aging (1)
-affects how we feel and how our body/skin look and perform
intrinsic/internal factors (9)
- free radical
- dehydration
- menopause
- vitamin deficiency
- improper nutrition
- genetics
- hormones
- puberty
- pregnancy
top 10 healthy skin habits
- avoid sun exposure
- balanced diet
- do not smoke
- avoid excessive alcohol
- plenty of water
- plenty of rest
- stay active
- beneficial skincare and routine
- pro skincare treatments to maintain
- stress relievers and calm, positive attitude
what are the 12 contraindications
- skin diseases/disorders/irritations
- isotretinon
3.skinthinning/exfoliation topicals
- pregnancy
- metal bones/pins/plates
- pacemakers/heart irregularities
- allergies
- seizures
- oral steroids/predisone
- autoimmune disorders
- diabetes
- blood thinners
how long do you have to stop isotretinon before treatment
6 months
how long do you have to stop exfoliation topicals before treatment
at least a week
if your allergic to aspirin what shouldnt you use
salicylic acid
why can’t you have treatment on steroids and how long should you be off prior
-skin is fragile or bruised
-minimum of 2 weeks
be cautious with _____ when on bloodthinners
extractions
what is the less rule
less product, less time , less heat
what is on intake form (8)
- health history
-recent skin treatments - products and medications
-medical conditions
-diet
-allergies/sensitivities
-at home skincare
-lifestyle habits
why do we use consent forms (3)
-agreement to treatment
-understanding of treatment and risks
-release liability
client chart what’s on it: (6)
- skin analysis
-type of treatments - future visit notes
-products used
-goals
recommendations
facial (1)
- service to improve appearance of skin
facial benefits (8)
-deep cleanse
-exfoliate
-increase circulation and detox
- relax senses, nerves, muscles
-home care expertise
-slows aging
-address concerns
-softens appearance of lines and wrinkles
- lessons blemishes
- improve skin health
client comfort (7)
- quiet voice
- professional atmosphere and work
- make client comfy
- short smooth nails
- no jewellery
- amount of touch and pressure
how we greet (6)
-smile
-introduce
- tour to help comfort
-devote time to client needs
-leave mood at home
- professional and genuine allowing customer to have confidence in your service
OUR step by step facial (12)
- consultation anf intial analysis
2.client changes and you wash hands - dare client and hair
- make-up removal
5.1st cleanse - detailed skin analysis
- cleanse with appropriate products
- incorporate steam
9.exfoliate with steam - hot towel and removal
- toner
- moisturizer
Toner (2)
- finish cleansing process removing residue left on skin
-helps restore PH
moisturizer (2)
-restoring moisturizer into skin
- seal in moisture and reinforce barrier
Post service
- record of client
- retail
- prepare for next client
- clean infection control
hot towel cabinet (3)
- heat towels
-removes products - soften skin
contraindications of hot towel cabinets
- fragile and sensitive
-rosacea - open wounds
- skin conditions
magnifying lamp (1) and precaution
- magnifying face to help with analysis
- careful with epilepsy
wood lamp (2)
- filtered black light illuminating fungi, bacterial, disorder, pigment and other problems
-indepth
wood lamp contraindications (3)
- room must be totally dark
- eyelids on client
- bulb gets hot
steamer (3)
- very important aspect
- can be used for aromatherapy
- for 2nd cleanse to soften skin
steamer contraindications
- not too much on inflamed skin
- not too close to face
- burns self and other
- do not leave while on
-clean regularly
-no cold water
What is the body system of skin called: (1)
Integumentary system
Hydrolipidic film: (1)
Acid mantle components to protect skin from drying out and damaging exposure
Average pH of the acid mantle: (1)
5,5
How does sweat keep us from overheating(1)
Precipitation then evaporation
Arrector pili muscles: (1)
Cause goosebumps to warm skin
Another word for sweat glands: (1)
Sudoriferous glands
Sebaceous glands( 1)
Keep skin soft and protected from outside elements
produce sebum
What are the three main components of the skin:(3)
Hypodermis/subcutaneous layer
Dermis
Epidermis
Subcutaneous Layer:(4)
Loose connective tissue
Fat
Protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to body
Source of stored energy
Stratum germinativum:(2)
Basal cell layer
Where cells undergo continuous cell division to replenish skin cells being shed from surface
Stratum spinosum:(3)
Cells continue to divide and change shape
Create lipids and proteins
Strengthen and hold cells together
Stratum Granulosum:(1)
Filled with keratin
Stratum Lucidum:(2)
Thin clear layer of dead skin cells
Thickest on palms and soles
Stratum corneum: (2)
Estheticians work on this layer
Thin, regenerates self.
Free radical damage: (3)
Molecules are in balance with electrons
Molecules may lose an electron due to damage from UV rays, environment, poor nutrition, unhealthy lifestyle, or injury.
Inflammation creates free radicals
What happens when free radicals are present from inflammation (2)
Free radicals speed up aging process and create an unhealthy state
Free radicals have unbalanced electrical charge – unstable reaction of cell destruction as they steal electrons from molecules to try to rebalance
What are some primary lesions (9)
Bulla
Cyst
Macule
Nodule
Papule
Pustule
Tumor
Vesicle
Wheal
Bulla and example:(2)
Large blister with watery fluid
Contact dermatitis, burns
Cyst/tubercule :(1_
Closed developed sac containing pus, semi fluid, matter Above or below skin
Macule and example :(2)
Flat spot of discoloration on skin
Freckle/age spot
Nodule and example:(2)
Solid bump
Swollen lymph nodes
Pustule and example:(2)
Raised inflamed papule with White or yellow center containing pus
Acne, folliculitis
Papule and example :(2)
Small elevation with no fluid
Acne, warts
Tumor and example:(2)
Abnormal mass
Not always cancer but refer ;Cancer
Vesicle and example:(2)
Small blister or sac containing fluid
Poison ivy/oak
Wheal and example:(2)
Itchy swollen lesion
Hives, mosquito bite
What are some secondary lesions:(7)
Crust
Excoriation
Fissure
Keloid
Scale
Scar
Ulcer
Crust and example:(2)
Dead cells that form over a wound while healing
Scab/sore
Excoriation and example:(2)
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
Nail cuticle damage from nail biting
Fissure and example:(2)
Crack in the skin that penetrate dermis
Severely chapped lip, hands, feet
Keloid:(2)
Thick scar resulting from excessive fibrous tissue
Will form along any type of scar
Scale and example:(2)
Thin, dry oily plate of epidermal flakes
Dandruff and psoriasis
Ulcer and example;(3)
Open lesion on skin or mucous membrane of body
Accompanied by fluid weeping
Chicken pox, herpes
Sebaceous filaments, what are they, what they do, and where they are found:(4)
Form of clogged follicle Similar to open comedones
Small solidified impactions of oil without cell matter
Cause breakout
Often on nose
Name the Vascular conditions of skin:(3)
Rosacea
Telangiectasia
Varicose veins
What is Rosacea:(2)
Inflammatory vascular disorder
Progressive; flushing- bouts of redness
What are symptoms of rosacea, and what are some progressive symptoms (2 symptoms 3 progressive)
Visible vessels
Skin sensitivity
Progressive;
Pustular-type breakout
Chronic blood shot eyes, discharge and irritation
Skin thickening around nose
What makes rosacea worse?(2)
Vascular dilation
Spicy food, heat, sun, caffeine, stress
How can estheticians treat rosacea:(2)
Skin calming ingredients/treatments help decrease inflammation
Soothing facial, light exfoliation, gentle massage, limit steam
Varicose veins: what, where, why, treatment. (4)
Visible vascularity that are abnormally dilated and twisted
Can occur anywhere in body – often on legs
Pregnancy, extended time standing or sitting, and genetics
Treatment by medical professional;
Lentigo (1)
flat pigment similar to freckle sunlight exposure
Ephelides’(1)
freckles sun exposure
Nevus(1)
birthmark
Tan(1)
– defense to exposure of sun
Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation(1)
– due to injury or acne
Types of Hypopigmentation:(4)
leukoderma
Albinism
Vitiligo
Tinea versicolor
Leukoderma:(2)
Loss of pigment causing light, abnormal patches of depigmented skin
Vitiligo and albinism are form of leukoderma
Albinism:(2)
Lack of melanin pigment in body including skin hair and eyes
Risk of skin cancer, sensitive to light, ages faster
Vitiligo:(2)
Pigment disease of white patches totally lacking pigment
Worsens with time and sunlight
Tinea versicolor:(3)
Fungal condition inhibits melanin production
Caused by yeast- not contagious
Sun stimulates growth of fungus
Dermatitis:(2)
Inflammatory condition of skin such as:
Eczema, vesicles, papules,
Types of dermatitis:(8)
Contact
Allergic contact
Atopic
Eczema
Irritant contact
Perioral
Seborrheic
Stasis
Conjunctivitis; what is it, is it contagious (2)
-contagious
- pinkeye
Herpes simplex virus 1; what is it, is it contagious(2)
-contagious
- fever blisters, cold sores
Herpes simplex virus 2; what is it, is it contagious(2)
-contagious
- genital herpes
Herpes zoster; what is it, is it contagious(2)
-contagious
- shingles
Impetigo; what is it, is it contagious(2)
-contagious
- bacterial skin infection often in kids
Tinea; what is it, is it contagious(2)
-contagious
- fungal infections
Tinea corporis; what is it, is it contagious(2)
-contagious
- ringworm of skin
Verruca ; what is it, is it contagious(2)
contagious
– wart
Furuncle: (3)
Boil
Subcutaneous abscess – pus
Caused by bacteria in glands/follicles
Carbuncle:(1)
Group of boils
Edema:(2)
Swelling
Fluid imbalance or response to injury,infection,medication
Erythema;(1)
Swelling
Fluid imbalance or response to injury,infection,medication
Erythema;(1)
Redness caused by inflammation
Folliculitis:(2)
Hair grows under surface instead of up
Causes bacterial infection
Pseudo-folliculitis:(2)
Razor bumps
Folliculitis without pus or infection
Cleansers:(2)
Dissolve makeup, oil and dirt to keep pores clean and prepare for other products
Additional ingredients can benefit certain conditions and skin types.
Exfoliant:(6)
Softer smoother brighter, complexation
Improves skin ability to retain moisture
Cell turnover rate is increased
Follicle openings are cleaner
Product penetration
Makeup application smoother
Masks:(3)
Tighten and tone/brighten complextion
Hydrate, nourish, calm
Clarify detoxify draw impurities out of pores
Considerations for choosing product line:(9)
Versatile products
High quality beneficial ingredients
Affordability for wholesale and retail
Manufacture requiring order amounts/quantities
Support with Product education/training
Support in business and marketing – samples, brochures, return policies
Recognizable/reputable product name
Appealing packaging
Exclusive to professionals or everyone
Ambiance:(6)
Should appeal to all 5 senses
Proper lighting
Music selection
Comfortable Temperature
Soothing scent
Taste- flavored waters and healthy snacks
Essential furniture and equipment:(11)
Mag lamp
Steamer
Multifunctional machine
Treatment table
Trolley
Covered laundry hamper
Estheticians chair
Towel warmer
Sink
Covered waste container
Step stool
Essential supplies :(14)
Disposable spatulas
4x4 wipes/gauze
Serum
Eye cream
Moisturizer
Lip cream
2x2 gauze
Water bowl
Dispensed products
Cotton rounds
Implements
Blanket
Client chart
Wrap for client and head wrap
Essential products:(11)
Makeup remover
Cleanser
Exfoliant
Mask
Toner
Eye cream
Moisturizer
Lip balm
Serum
Sunscreen
Massage oil/cream
Order of a treatment:(15)
Setup
Consultation
Draping of client and hair
Cleaning
Skin analysis
Steam/towel
Exfoliation
Cleanse
Mask
Massage
Toner
Moisturizer
Eye cream
SPF
Post consultation
Why might there be Variations of the basic facial:(1)
Depends on focus / condition/skin type
Express facial:(5)
Shorter time and less products used
May take 15-30 mins
May only focus on one area
Can be performed with other services – men can incorporate into beard service
Introduces facials
What steps are omitted and which are most important for an express facial:(3)
steaming,
massage,
extractions
What products are most important in an express facial?(2 and why
Cleaning and mask
produce most results
Traits of mens skin:(5)
Larger pores
More active sebaceous glands
Excess oil
Numerous black heads
Dehydrated
Tips for mens treatments:(7)
Avoid perfumed products
Cater to specific need-grooming waxing
Avoid harsh extractions and redness
Packaging of products sleek and simple- sprays and pumps
Offer services designed for men
Private consultations and discussions
Keep homecare routines basic and simple, multipurpose products
What should a mans retailed basic homecare be :(2)
Cleanser and hydrating lotion
Sunscreen if wanting more
What can you educate male clients on:(3)
skin cancer and importance of SPF
Shaving in downward/direction of hair growth for less irritation
Benefits of certain products- eye cream
Professional treatment recommended for men:(3)
Steam
Brush machine
Firmer touch
What supplies are more preferred for men:(2)
Sponge and towels
Gauze catches on facial hair
What may become a contraindication for a mans facial:(1)
Exfoliation on a freshly shaven face
How should movements be during a male facial:(1)
Flow with direction of hair growth
What is a condition male clients may encounter? How is it caused (2)
Folliculitis – inflammation of hair follicle
Caused by improper shaving
An become folliculits barbae
Folliculitis barbae: (1)
- hair growing under skin
What are goals of treatment with folliculitis and what product is recommended;(4)
Alleviate irritation
Dry up/disinfect pustules
Desensitize area
Gel mask
What kind of cleanser helps a mans beard area:(1)
Foaming cleanser
What is a pH scale used for:(1)
Measure acidity and alkalinity of substance
Facts about the pH scale:(4)
Range of 0-14
Neutral is 7
Below 7 indicates acidic solution
Above 7 is a alkaline solution
What is average pH of skin:(1)
PH of 5
What can happen to skin exposed to extremes in pH levels:(5)
Dryness
Dehydration
Inflammation
Bacterial growth
Important to use products containing proper pH for skin type
What kind of pH should not be given to a client with dry skin and why:(2)
Acidic product
Further dries and irritates
What kind of pH should not be given to client with oily skin and why:(3)
Alkaline
Contribute to oil and sebum build-up creating possibility of acne
Needs more acidic
