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UW classes > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

a system’s energy changes if it exchanges energy with the environment via heat or work

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2
Q

Pressure-volume work

A

if the system’s volume doesn’t change then no work is performed

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3
Q

Heat capacity

A

the amount of heat needed per temperature change

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4
Q

Entropy

A

a measure of disorder

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5
Q

Delta S is greater than zero

A

spontaneous if it increases the entropy of the universe

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6
Q

Delta S is less than zero

A

spontaneous in the reverse direction if it decreases the entropy of the universe

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7
Q

Delta S is equal to zero

A

equilibrium

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8
Q

Delta G is less than zero

A

spontaneous if it decreases the system’s GFE

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9
Q

Delta G is greater than zero

A

spontaneous in the reverse direction if it increases the system’s GFE

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10
Q

Delta G is equal to zero

A

equilibrium

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11
Q

Vapor pressure

A

the pressure when a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor

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12
Q

Clausius-clapeyron equation

A

allows us to estimate the vapor pressure at another temperature

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13
Q

Boiling occurs if…

A

the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure of the environment

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14
Q

At the transitions on a heating curve chart (2,4)

A

the temperature doesn’t change even though heat is added, the enthalpy changes

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15
Q

A solution is…

A

a homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent

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16
Q

Solute

A

thing being dissolved

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17
Q

Solvent

A

dissolving agent

18
Q

Solubility of solids typically…

A

increases with increasing temperatures

19
Q

According to Henry’s Law…

A

the concentration of a gas dissolved in solution is proportional to its partial pressure

20
Q

Solubility of gases typically…

A

decreases with increasing temperatures

21
Q

Colligative properties

A

properties of solutions that depend on concentration of solutes, not on their chemical identity

22
Q

Examples of colligative properties are…

A

lowering vapor pressure, elevation of BP, depression of FP, and osmosis

23
Q

BP elevation

A

adding a non-volatile solute to the liquid increases entropy and decreases GFE and it raises the boiling point

24
Q

Increasing the temperature of a liquid will cause it boil when the…

A

GFE of the gas equals that of the liquid

25
Q

FP depression

A

adding a non-volatile solvent decreases the GFE of the liquid and lowers the freezing point

26
Q

Osmosis

A

adding solute to one side creates a driving force for the solvent to move towards that side

27
Q

The Van’t Hoff factor is for…

A

ionic bonded molecules

28
Q

When transition metal atoms form compounds, they lose their…

A

s-electrons first

29
Q

Ligand

A

neutral molecule or ion having a lone pair that can be used to form a bond to a metal ion

30
Q

Complex

A

when ligands form coordinate bonds to a central metal atom/ion

31
Q

Coordination compound

A

a charge-neutral compound containing a complex

32
Q

Coordination number

A

the number of metal-ligand bonds

33
Q

Monodentate

A

bind via one atom to the metal

34
Q

Bidentate

A

bind via two atoms to the metal

35
Q

Tetradentate and hexadentate

A

four and six bonds to the metal

36
Q

Most volatile means…

A

the liquid with the highest vapor pressure

37
Q

For substances with increasing enthalpies of vaporization, the…

A

vapor pressure is decreased and the boiling point is increased

38
Q

Increasing molality means…

A

increasing the boiling point but decreasing the freezing point

39
Q

The stronger an acid,

A

the weaker its conjugate base

40
Q

The weaker an acid,

A

the stronger its conjugate base

UW classes (4 decks)

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