Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anthropology 104 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Language Acquisition

A

Socialization to language; this activated by caregivers who speak in native language .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“What” explanations

A

recognizing topic in new situational contexts, identifying and categorizing things in the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Social Competence

A

How children become competent members of society. they learn how and to whom to address. Who can interpret their utterances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adapting child to the situation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Anglo-American Story

A

Applies to white-middle class families ; focused on two party communication ; child is held facing the caregiver.
child is treated as a conversational partner
Caregiver takes the Childs perspective.
child is exposed to dealing with ambiguity
Child learns how to negotiate interpretations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Samoan Story

A
  1. Intersecting kinds of ranks ; affects ranking of caretakers
  2. Mother helped out by other caregivers; child help out by caring baby on hips
  3. child is not treated as conversation partner: no baby talk; utterances are not treated as communicative; spoken to in singsongy utterances
  4. Crawling changes everything! after crawling Childs responsibility to reach mom.
  5. After crawling,caregivers change tone and talk at child in a mock-teasing voice- this is an attempt to make child assertive and know their rank.
  6. Language starts with “shit” (this is a marker of defiance)
  7. Wants are addressed to highest ranking caregiver and lowest ranking caregiver executes order from mom.
  8. Older children expected to deliver messages verbatim
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Expansion

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Literacy

A

a way of taking or extracting meaning from around you; how a child interacts and gets meaning from the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Initiantion Response Evaluation (IRE) model

A

Form of discourse used in classrooms in which the teacher asks a student a question, the student answers, and the teacher evaluates the answer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Linear narratives

A

you can draw a straight line from he beginning to the end of a story

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conversational allusions

A

a reference to a well-known person, character, place, or event that a writer makes to deepen the understanding of their work…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Linguistic features of baby talk

A
  1. Modifications
    - intonation
    -phonology: rabbit >rabbit
    -morphology : mama, dada
    -syntax : potty, pee pee, tummy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Language socialization

A

how children are socialized into and through language (social competence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

“universal grammer “- focuses on individual learner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Language instinct

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

models of child rearing

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adapting the situation to the child

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Kaluli Story

A
  1. Mother is the primary caregiver
  2. Child is held facing outward
  3. Child is not treated as a conversational partner ; treated as incompetent and having no understanding.
  4. Try not to assume the emotions of other people
  5. Mother can “speak” for the child : no baby talk- use child as prop, speaks fully formed sentences for the sake of others
  6. High pitched, nasal voice as “infants”
  7. Language starts with “mother” or “breasts”
  8. mistakes are corrected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Scaffolding

A

helping a child learn a new skill by building on what they already have.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

elema

A

“say like that”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bedtime stories

A

Literacy event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

early stages of reading

A

In this stage, kids being to able, list features, and give “what” explanations. They can recount events in linear fashion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Advanced reading stage

A

Children can reason explanations, analogically reasoning, affective commentaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Maintown

A

White upper middle class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Maintown #2

A

books treated as a source of entertainment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Maintown #3

A

books have authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Maintown #4

A

Children are active participants in bedtime stories; both parents and child interrupt stories with questions ; at 3 years old, children will choose to read to adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Social features of baby talk #2

A
  1. condescend
  2. establish affectionate and nurturing relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Maintown #5

A

repetitive training of every night having a story read to them. grow in :
- labeling, scaffolding
-linear narratives
- affective commentaries; likes and dislikes
-sustained conversational allusions and overlapping commentary linking books and enviornment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tracktown

A

Black working class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Tracktown #1

A

verbal skills through social interactions ; constant communication around the child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Tracktown #2

A

babies are surrounded by people, not stuff.
-Not many books or manipulative games

33
Q

Tracktown #3

A

generally no bedtime ritual
- no expansion of the child’s talk
- adults do not simplify language
- include children as part of the converstaion

34
Q

Tracktown #4

A

by 12 months, children imitate adult speech
- by 24 months, children can speech like adults, and are treated as conversation partners
-can anticipate other’s behaviors in games

35
Q

Tracktown #5

A

No “what” questions, but rather analogical questions… “what is it like?”

36
Q

Tracktown #6

A

children spontaneously produce stories designed for audiences. Stories often have no point, no obvious beginning, middle or end…

37
Q

Tracktown #7

A

lack composition and comprehension skills to take meaning from reading
- limited written expression
- do not observed rules of linearity in writing

38
Q

Tracktown #8

A

develop connections between stories, but cannot name the specific features which make two items or events alike.
- creative comparison between two situations
-affective commentaries

39
Q

Affective commentaries

A
40
Q

Social features of baby talk 1

A
  1. Baby talk not as helpful as we think
  2. all children will acquire correct language despite baby talk
41
Q

Extinct languages

A

nobody speaks the language

42
Q

Dead languages

A

no more native speakers; spoken by scholars or religious clergy.

43
Q

Critically endangered languages

A

spoken by few members of the oldest generation. often semi speakers

44
Q

definitely endangered languages

A

not spoken by children; spoken fluently by older generation ; children will not be speaking lang. in 100 yeas

45
Q

Vulnerable languages

A

not spoken by children outside the house

46
Q

safe language

A

there is intergenerational transfer of the language

47
Q

Intergenerational transfer

A

the family is passing it down to their children to speak.

48
Q

Roadville

A

white working class; babies surrounded by visual stimuli

49
Q

Roadville #1

A

book reading focuses on labelling: letters of alphabet, numbers, and basic items.

50
Q

Roadville #2

A

Child “listens” quietly. Not encouraged to ask questions

51
Q

Roadville #3

A

complicated stories are simplified by adults
- short simple sentences
-child provides “what”explanations

52
Q

Roadville #4

A

fictionalization’s are treated as lies

53
Q

Roadville #5

A

children not encouraged to make connection between books and their environment.
- difficulty comparing and contrasting stories and real events
- unable to think hypothetically or provide affective commentary

54
Q

Languages shift

A

when a community of users replaces one language by another, Orr shifts to that other language.

55
Q

Causes of Language death

A
  1. natural disasters, famine, disease
  2. war and genocide
  3. political repression
  4. economic, political and cultural marginalizatin.
56
Q

seven levels of language

A
  1. English
  2. Chinese, Spanish, Hindi-Urdu
  3. Arabic, French, German, Japanese, Malay
  4. significant nationally or regionally
  5. locally and socially strong
  6. small and (perhaps) managing
  7. extremely small and endangered
57
Q

the English Language Complex

A
58
Q

language revitalization

A

promoting edu. literacy in minority languages - elders tutelage.

59
Q

language loss

A

cultural knowledge and practices are encoded in language. perspectives attitudes, inherited knowledge not necessarily translatable into other languages.

60
Q

English vernacular’s

A

the way people use English in a specific country or region

61
Q

Language preservation

A

recording language before they become extinct

62
Q

Social meanings of language

A
63
Q

Individual multilingualism

A

a persons ability in languages other than their mother tongue.

64
Q

Bilingualism

A

fluency in or use of two languages

65
Q

Societal multilingualism

A

languages have different functions and often a different status

66
Q

Ecology of communication

A

nature and evolution on language

67
Q

Language ideology

A

morally and politically loaded representations of the structure and use of languages in a social world. They link language identities, institutions, and values in all societies. They actively mediate between and shape linguistic forms and social processes.

68
Q

ideology of the standard

A
69
Q

Language standardization

A

brings to a language a uniformity and consistent norm and form of writing and speaking…

70
Q

Communication dyads

A

communication occurring between two people who engage in face-to-face interaction for purposes of social facilitation or fulfillment or the exchange of ideas and information

71
Q

multilingualism

A

most people are proficient in language varieties

72
Q

language varieties

A
73
Q

diglossia

A

code switching (superposed variation ). The coexisting of two varieties of the same language in a speech community.

74
Q

language shift

A

language with fewer speakers and less power are being abandoned in favor of more powerful languages or economic opportunities.

75
Q

acadjonne

A
76
Q

Acadian French

A
77
Q

Ideology of the dialect

A
78
Q

Code switching

A

a person changing languages or dialects through out a single conversation and sometimes even over the course of a single sentence

79
Q

factors affecting code switching

A

Anthropology 104 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions