midterm 2 Flashcards
sterotyping (example)
juror 10 sterotypes the defendant saying that people like him are all liars
conformity (example)
the different outcome from the out loud vote to the secret vote demonstrates that some of the jurors were voting on the basis of conformity
foot in the door technique (example)
juror 8 gets 2 to acknowledge as a starting point that the defendant does not have to prove he’s innocent and that the burden of proof is on the prosecution
motivation (example)
juror 5 disagrees with generalizing the defendant based on the fact that he lived in a slum because the juror himself lives in a slum
intimidation (example)
waving around the knife and stabbing it into the table in front of the face of the juror who won’t vote guilty
detailing (example)
juror 3 describes the facts of the case in detail and surmises based on that that the defendant is guilty, but the facts don’t necessarily prove his guilt
placebo effect
social interactions make you believe something will work so it has a real impact on your body
leviathan model of social systems
social forces are a combination of individual and societal urges to survive. a society is a living thing and it will do everything it can to survive
assimilation - compliance
force change through laws and regulations
assimilation - identification
psychological phenomenon making people believe they are part of the group
assimilation - internalization
this society is the only good society, all others are bad
prejudice - opinion
the rationalization of a prejudice feeling
prejudice - emotion
the feeling of prejudice, very hard to change
prejudice
a feeling that we don’t want/like people, social pressure to be prejudice comes from the society, not the individual
discrimination - disempowerment
take away the power so that those people cannot have any affect on society
discrimination - criminalization
criminalize the habits of the outgroup in order to take away their power
goals of police interrogation
obtain a confession, gain information that will further the investigation
the reid model
interrogation method based on an adversarial model, designed to make the anxiety associated with deception greater than the anxiety associated with confessing
stages of reid interrogation
gather evidence, conduct a non-accusatorial interview to assess deception, conduct an accusatorial interrogation to obtain a confession
minimization techniques
soft sell tactics that provide a sense of false security
maximization techniques
scare tactics that attempt to intimidate suspects
problems with the reid model
investigators cannot actually detect deception, there is a preconceived notion of guilt which can lead to bias, psychologically coercive techniques lead to false confessions about 20% of the time
PEACE model
avoids the use of deceptive information to overwhelm suspects. emphasizes information gathering over eliciting confessions and discourages investigators from presuming a suspect’s guilt.
stages of the PEACE model
planning, engage, account, closure, evaluation
false confession
a confession that is either intentionally fabricated or is not based on actual knowledge of the facts
types of false confessions
voluntary false confessions, coerced-compliant false confessions, coerced-internalized false confessions
voluntary false confession
usually as a result of a psychological disorder or desire for fame
coerced-compliant false confession
police use intimidation to force a false confession that the confessor knows is false
coerced-internalized false confession
crime becomes internalized using social forces and confessor believes it; people suffering from brain impairments, extreme anxiety, or confusion may be more suitable
characteristics of a jury
representativeness - jury composition that represents the community where the crime occurred; impartiality - jurors are unbiased
threats to impartiality
negative pretrial publicity related to an increase number of guilty verdict, emotions that pretrial publicity illicit are remembered while information tends to be forgotten
methods to increase impartiality
change of venue, delaying the trial (adjournment), challenge for cause
change of venue
trial typically stays within province where crime occurred, the party requesting the issue must demonstrate a reasonable likelihood that the community is biased or prejudiced against the defendant
variables to predict verdicts
demographic, personality traits, attitudes, defendant characteristics, victim characteristics, expert testimony
psychopathy
a personality disorder in which an idnvidual manifests a callous and unemotional interpersonal style, characterized by grandiosity, manipulation, lack of remorse, impulsivity, and irresponsibility.
characteristics of psychopaths (20)
glib and superficial charm, grandiose self worth, need for stimulation, pathological lying, conning and manipulating, lack of remorse, shallowness of expressions, lack of empathy, poor behavioral control, parasitic lifestyle, promiscuous sexual behavior, early behavioral problems, lack of realistic long term goals, impulsivity, irresponsibility, failure to accept responsibility, short term marital relationships, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, criminal versatility.
prevalence of psychopathy
rate of around 1%, males 5x more than females, 30% of all violent crime is committed by psychopaths
