midterm 2

Question 1

sterotyping (example)

Answer 1

juror 10 sterotypes the defendant saying that people like him are all liars

Question 2

conformity (example)

Answer 2

the different outcome from the out loud vote to the secret vote demonstrates that some of the jurors were voting on the basis of conformity

Question 3

foot in the door technique (example)

Answer 3

juror 8 gets 2 to acknowledge as a starting point that the defendant does not have to prove he’s innocent and that the burden of proof is on the prosecution

Question 4

motivation (example)

Answer 4

juror 5 disagrees with generalizing the defendant based on the fact that he lived in a slum because the juror himself lives in a slum

Question 5

intimidation (example)

Answer 5

waving around the knife and stabbing it into the table in front of the face of the juror who won’t vote guilty

Question 6

detailing (example)

Answer 6

juror 3 describes the facts of the case in detail and surmises based on that that the defendant is guilty, but the facts don’t necessarily prove his guilt

Question 7

placebo effect

Answer 7

social interactions make you believe something will work so it has a real impact on your body

Question 8

leviathan model of social systems

Answer 8

social forces are a combination of individual and societal urges to survive. a society is a living thing and it will do everything it can to survive

Question 9

assimilation - compliance

Answer 9

force change through laws and regulations

Question 10

assimilation - identification

Answer 10

psychological phenomenon making people believe they are part of the group

Question 11

assimilation - internalization

Answer 11

this society is the only good society, all others are bad

Question 12

prejudice - opinion

Answer 12

the rationalization of a prejudice feeling

Question 13

prejudice - emotion

Answer 13

the feeling of prejudice, very hard to change

Question 14

prejudice

Answer 14

a feeling that we don’t want/like people, social pressure to be prejudice comes from the society, not the individual

Question 15

discrimination - disempowerment

Answer 15

take away the power so that those people cannot have any affect on society

Question 16

discrimination - criminalization

Answer 16

criminalize the habits of the outgroup in order to take away their power

Question 17

goals of police interrogation

Answer 17

obtain a confession, gain information that will further the investigation

Question 18

the reid model

Answer 18

interrogation method based on an adversarial model, designed to make the anxiety associated with deception greater than the anxiety associated with confessing

Question 19

stages of reid interrogation

Answer 19

gather evidence, conduct a non-accusatorial interview to assess deception, conduct an accusatorial interrogation to obtain a confession

Question 20

minimization techniques

Answer 20

soft sell tactics that provide a sense of false security

Question 21

maximization techniques

Answer 21

scare tactics that attempt to intimidate suspects

Question 22

problems with the reid model

Answer 22

investigators cannot actually detect deception, there is a preconceived notion of guilt which can lead to bias, psychologically coercive techniques lead to false confessions about 20% of the time

Question 23

PEACE model

Answer 23

avoids the use of deceptive information to overwhelm suspects. emphasizes information gathering over eliciting confessions and discourages investigators from presuming a suspect’s guilt.

Question 24

stages of the PEACE model

Answer 24

planning, engage, account, closure, evaluation

Question 25

false confession

Answer 25

a confession that is either intentionally fabricated or is not based on actual knowledge of the facts

Question 26

types of false confessions

Answer 26

voluntary false confessions, coerced-compliant false confessions, coerced-internalized false confessions

Question 27

voluntary false confession

Answer 27

usually as a result of a psychological disorder or desire for fame

Question 28

coerced-compliant false confession

Answer 28

police use intimidation to force a false confession that the confessor knows is false

Question 29

coerced-internalized false confession

Answer 29

crime becomes internalized using social forces and confessor believes it; people suffering from brain impairments, extreme anxiety, or confusion may be more suitable

Question 30

characteristics of a jury

Answer 30

representativeness - jury composition that represents the community where the crime occurred; impartiality - jurors are unbiased

Question 31

threats to impartiality

Answer 31

negative pretrial publicity related to an increase number of guilty verdict, emotions that pretrial publicity illicit are remembered while information tends to be forgotten

Question 32

methods to increase impartiality

Answer 32

change of venue, delaying the trial (adjournment), challenge for cause

Question 33

change of venue

Answer 33

trial typically stays within province where crime occurred, the party requesting the issue must demonstrate a reasonable likelihood that the community is biased or prejudiced against the defendant

Question 34

variables to predict verdicts

Answer 34

demographic, personality traits, attitudes, defendant characteristics, victim characteristics, expert testimony

Question 35

psychopathy

Answer 35

a personality disorder in which an idnvidual manifests a callous and unemotional interpersonal style, characterized by grandiosity, manipulation, lack of remorse, impulsivity, and irresponsibility.

Question 36

characteristics of psychopaths (20)

Answer 36

glib and superficial charm, grandiose self worth, need for stimulation, pathological lying, conning and manipulating, lack of remorse, shallowness of expressions, lack of empathy, poor behavioral control, parasitic lifestyle, promiscuous sexual behavior, early behavioral problems, lack of realistic long term goals, impulsivity, irresponsibility, failure to accept responsibility, short term marital relationships, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, criminal versatility.

Question 37

prevalence of psychopathy

Answer 37

rate of around 1%, males 5x more than females, 30% of all violent crime is committed by psychopaths