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SPEX101 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the predominant focus for psychology?

A

Culture, Society, social groups, person

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2
Q

Definition for psych= The ______ study of ______; where _______ is broadly defined”

A

scientific, behaviour, behaviour

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3
Q

What is sport psych= “ Scientific study of human ____ _______ in the sport (exercise) context – the ___ and ___of human ____ _______ in sport (exercise) context

A

social behaviour, how’s, why’s, social behaviour

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4
Q

What are the two general questions for sport psych?

A
  1. How psychological factors effect performance?

2. How the involvement influence their psychological development/wellbeing?

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5
Q

What are the factors that influence sport performance?

A
  • Social/ environmental influences
  • Psych profile (eg motivation, anxiety)
    + Brain function (eg motor control)
  • Movement- specific physiological activity
  • Skill performance (biomechanics)
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6
Q

In the 1st psych lecture what was the putting the driver in the car metaphor?

A

The car is the body and the driver is the brain. A body can move by its self, however if you don’t have the mental aspect then your unable to perform to the athletes best

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7
Q

What is competition?
(1st psych lecture)
“A situation in which ______ of an individual’s performance is made with a ____ _ _______, in the presence of others who are aware of the ____ for ______ and can _____ the comparison process”

A

comparison, standard of excellence, criteria, comparison, evaluate

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8
Q

How is personality defined in the first psych lecture

A

“psychological qualities that contribute to an individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving”

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9
Q

What are the two key personality traits in sports/ exercise?
(1st psych lecture)

A
  1. motivation

2. anxiety

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10
Q

Motivation definition = “anything that _____ a person to _____”
(1st lecture of psych)

A

impels, actions

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11
Q

What are the three ways that ACTION is reflected in the 1st psych lecture?

A
  1. The selection/direction of behaviour
  2. The intensity of the behaviour
  3. The persistence of the behaviour (your commitment over time)
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12
Q

Achievement motivation definition = “Striving towards a ____ _ ______ or attempting to reach/achieve a ___ ____ (e.g. personal best in competition). Person will ____ in the face of failure, and experience ____ in goal accomplishment”

A

standard of excellence, specific goal, persist, pride

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13
Q

What does Ms stand for in the first psych lecture?

A

motive to Approach success (pride in success)

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14
Q

What does Maf stand for?

A

motive to avoid failure (shame in failure)

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15
Q

if you focus on failure rather than success then what does this create?
(1st psych lecture)

A

Anxiety

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16
Q

What are the characteristic of trait personality?

A
  • Relatively stable
  • Fundamental units of personality
  • Strong predictor of behaviour
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16
Q

What are the characteristic of trait personality?

A
  • Relatively stable
  • Fundamental units of personality
  • Strong predictor of behaviour
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17
Q

Anxiety is a perceived….

A

threat

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18
Q

Stress causes…

A

anxiety

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19
Q

Performance anxiety: The process is ____ and the Product is _____

A

Stress, Anxiety

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20
Q

Stress = Perceived imbalance between _____ and _______

A

demand and capabilities

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21
Q

Stress leads to what type of anxiety

A

State anxiety

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22
Q

Trait anxiety =

A

personality

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23
Q

State anxiety is

A

your current emotional state or mood characterised by feelings of apprehension and muscle tension

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24
Q

What is the arousal performance relationship?

A

Inverted U relationship between Arousal and performance

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25
Q

Best performance results from ….

A

optimal/peak arousal

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26
Q

Under- arousal can lead to …..

A

boredom and poor performance

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27
Q

Over-arousal can lead to

A

“choking”

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28
Q

Tasks that require fine motor control need ____ arousal

A

Low

29
Q

Tasks requiring explosive strength, endurance and speed require ____ arousal

A

high

30
Q

The three Development psychology Characteristic

A
  • fixed
  • Normative
  • Sequential
31
Q

How does over-arousal influence performance

A

choking

32
Q

What is Tunnel Vision

A

focus of attention becomes too narrow and important information is missed

33
Q

Performance Anxiety are practical implications

A
  • Help athletes to manage and regulate their arousal/ state anxiety levels
  • Mental Skills Training (MST)
34
Q

What psych and social factors influence how we perform in sport?

A

Personality and Motivation

35
Q

Two types of applied sport psychology

A
  1. Clinical sport psych

2. Educational Sport Psych (MST)

36
Q

What are the objectives of Mental skills training

A
  1. Help athletes to perform to their best of their ability
  2. Help athletes Enjoy sport
  3. Develop mental skills as life skills
37
Q

What are the three MST skills

A
  1. Foundation
  2. performance
  3. Facilitative
38
Q

What are MST methods?

A
  • goal setting
  • Mental prep
  • Imagery
  • relaxtion
  • self talk
39
Q

MST programme

A
  • Combination of Methods selected to attain the individuals skills needed
  • There is NO “set” MST programme!
40
Q

Sport Pedagogy

A
  • Concerned with interactions that occur between the coach, the athlete, the content and the context (or situation)
41
Q

3 characteristic needed for developing an effective pedagogy

A

Be curious, Be reflective, question the status quo

42
Q

Being quality coach requires you to be ________ about more things than the ‘______ and _____’

A

knowledgeable, ‘technical, tactical’

43
Q

MST Skills vs MST Methods

Skills are the ______, Method it the _____

A

skills are the product, method is the process

44
Q

What are wicked problems in sport development? (Sam, 2009)

A
  1. Stagnant or falling participation rates
  2. Stagnant or falling (medal) performances at the highest levels
    also
    - creaming/cherry picking is another example
45
Q

Targeted investment effects…

A
  • Development eg target schemes degrade into ‘cream-skimming’ and ‘cherry- picking’
    sport only focuses on the elite/best
  • Integrity: target schemes can affect player welfare because people are fearful of losing jobs, money status
46
Q

Cream-skimming or cherry- picking examples

A
  • Dropping women’s team so more funding can go towards the men’s team
  • Only selecting top 2 athletes from each category to attend training camps
  • Investing in the Tall Blacks after they had qualified for the world cup
47
Q

Gender definition

A

socially constructed meaning linked to being male (masculine) and female (feminine) - within a binary context

48
Q

sex definition

A

biological traits that society associates with being male or female (binary)- this is usually to do with anatomy

49
Q

Intersectionality

A

= Understanding identity in relation to different “vectors” oppression and how these influence the nature and degree of oppression (e.g. being discriminated for being “black +female + homosexual + disable + poor)

50
Q

Hijrah (indian), Fa’afafine (samoa) meaning

A

cultures that recognise themselves as the 3rd gender

51
Q

Language = Mother nature (_________) vs Father time (_______/______)

A

unpredictable, constant/reliable

52
Q
  • How can physical spaces be gendered?
A

toilets, gyms

53
Q

Why the study of gender is important for sport, exercise and health?

A
  • Historically sport has been male domain/space
  • Sport is highly visible and popular aspect of society
  • “last frontier of masculinity”
  • Sport remans a space where displays of male aggression/violence power are acceptable
54
Q

Girls and women who play sport…

A
  • Have higher levels of confidence and low depression
  • Have more positive body image and experience higher psychological well- being than girls and women who do not play sports
  • More likely to get better grades in school and more likely to graduate than girls who do not play sports
55
Q

“New woman”

A

is independent

56
Q

how was the bicycle viewed?

A

“display of legs was interpreted as a form of sexuality”

57
Q

Toni Bruce (2016) 3 types of patterns in relation to the media of female athlete

A
  • older rules
  • persistent
  • Current
58
Q

Conceptualising Masculinity

A

masculinity does not exist in isolation from femininity

59
Q

“Hegemonic Masculinity”-

A

the culturally idealised form of masculinity

60
Q

What was the crisis of masculinity

A

“New woman”

  • first wave of feminism - females becoming a threat to men
  • women wanted to have own career and be independent
61
Q

final frontier of masculinity

A
  • physical realm (sport) important for maintaining male power through crisis
  • sport is the one place where man can feel like men
62
Q

Social significance of LGBTQIA

A
  • Human rights - concept of intersexuality
  • Health and well- being
  • Diversity management eg 2018 all black aid “diversity in strength”
  • Pink economy
63
Q

What makes sport context different in relation to dealing with LGBTQIA issues

A
  • Type of sport and sexuality
  • Physical touching, contact/viewing
  • Naked bodies : changing rooms/showers
  • Travel: sharing room eg hotel rooms - can create slightly different context
  • Relationship between players? - less likely for men
  • Relationships between players and coaches
64
Q

What is heterosexism

A

belief system that values heterosexuality as superior or more normal than LGBTQIA orientations

65
Q

What is homophobia

A

irrational fear or intolerance of LQBTQIA

66
Q 
Mens netball (Tagg 2008)
Netball emphasises \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

femininity

67
Q

Why is the gender order important (connell,1987)

A
  • Disempower, influence female participation
  • Impacts on alternative masculinity - men that don’t fit the “mans man”
  • Masculinity prize thing to have
68
Q

What was the response to the crisis of masculinity

A

Boy scouts and sport to reaffirm hegemonic masculinity

69
Q

what is the 21st century crisis of masculinity

A

male body panic

- concerned about their body image - looking for solution through consumer culture

70
Q

demonstration of commitment/ loyalty: Pain principle …..

A

enduring physical pain contributes to moral and character development

71
Q

how does sport confirm masculinity

A

1) type of sport
2) commitment
3) male space
4) sporting rituals
5) link w/ sport & war
6) emotional
8) place of women in men’s sport

SPEX101 (5 decks)

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