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BIOL 150 Midterm 1 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Cardio system

A

Transport gas and toxins, protect against foreign substances and toxins, maintain body temperature, pH, osmotic composition, restrict blood loss

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2
Q

Lowest part of the heart, the “point”, located in the 5th intercostal space

A

Apex

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3
Q

Top of the heart, located at the 2nd intercostal space

A

Base

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4
Q

Layers of the heart

A

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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5
Q

Most superficial layer of the heart, surrounded by fibrous sac that anchors heart to diaphragm, sternum and mediastinum

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Has fibrous outer layer of dense irregular CT, Inner serous layer of pericardial fluid and simple squamous tissue

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7
Q

Innermost layer of pericardium

A

Visceral pericardium

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8
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick middle layer of heart

Made of cardiac muscle

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9
Q

Inner layer of heart, thin layer of simple squamous tissue and areolar CT

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

Receives blood from the upper body and sends to the heart

A

Superior vena cava

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11
Q

Receives blood from lower body and sends to heart

A

inferior vena cava

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12
Q

receives blood from vena cava and sends through tricuspid valve

A

right atrium

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13
Q

Valve between the right atrium and ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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14
Q

blood enters it through the tricuspid valve and leaves through the pulmonary valve

A

right ventricle

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15
Q

Separates the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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16
Q

blood passes into it through the pulmonary valve, sends blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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17
Q

receives blood from the heart, sends to left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

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18
Q

receives blood form the pulmonary veins, sends through mitral valve

A

left atria

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19
Q

Separates left atria and ventricle

A

mitral or bicuspid valve

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20
Q

receives blood from mitral valve, sends through aortic valve

A

left ventricle

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21
Q

Separates aorta and left ventricle

A

aortic semilunar valve

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22
Q

Sends blood from heart to entire body

A

Aorta

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23
Q

Separates left and right ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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24
Q

separates left and right atria

A

interatrial septum

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25
Q

Collects blood from the coronary veins to send to the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

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26
Q

prevent heart valves from inverting

A

cordae tendinae

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27
Q

“pacemaker” of the heart, starts hearts internal electric signal

A

Sinoatrial node

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28
Q

Delays electrical contraction impulse in heart so that atria and ventricles contract separately

A

Atrioventricular node

29
Q

Groove on posterior of heart between atria and ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

30
Q

Conducts nerve impulses through the heart, located in interventricular septum

A

AV Bundle

31
Q

AV bundle separates off at bottom of apex

A

Bundle branches

32
Q

3 Layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica Interna
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

33
Q

Tunica interna structure

A

endothelium, Basement membrane, maybe an internal elastic membrane for rebounding

34
Q

Tunica media structure

A

Smooth muscle, collagen, maybe external elastic membrane

35
Q

Tunica externa structure

A

Connective tissue

36
Q

Blood vessels that supply other large blood vessels their own blood supply

A

Vasa vasorum

37
Q

Elastic artery features

A

Largest arteries, high changes in pressure, lots of elastic fibres, less smooth muscle

38
Q

Muscular arteries features

A

Medium to small size, lots of smooth muscle, adapted for vasoconstriction and dilation

39
Q

Smallest arteries, carry blood to capillaries

A

arterioles

40
Q

Capillary types

A

Continuous
fenestrated
Sinusoid

41
Q

Continuous capillary

A

Least permeable, most common

42
Q

Fenestrated capillary

A

Holes in endothelium to allow for things passing through, moderate community and permeability

43
Q

Sinusoid capillary

A

Most permeable, least common

44
Q

Bands of smooth muscle laying around capillaries that adjust blood flow to them

A

Precapillary sphincter

45
Q

Carry blood away from capillaries

A

Venules

46
Q

Predominant layer of medium and large veins

A

Tunica adventitia

47
Q

Vein valves

A

Prevent backflow, are folds in the tunica intima, present in larger veins, more present in lower body

48
Q

Branches off of aorta to supply blood to the heart

A

Left and right coronary arteries

49
Q

Blood flow from heart to lungs to heart

A

Pulmonary Circuit

50
Q

Blood flow from heart to body to heart

A

Systemic circuit

51
Q

Blood supply to the brain

A

Supplied through the external and interior carotid arteries, plus vertebral arteries

52
Q

Brian feature that prevent lack of blood supply

A

Arterial circle or circle of willis

53
Q

Carries blood from one capillary bed to another

A

Portal systems

54
Q

Portal system examples

A

Hypophyseal

Hepatic

55
Q

Non-cellular components of blood

A

Plasma, plasma proteins, other solutes

56
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen

57
Q

Blood protein that maintains osmotic pressure

A

Albumins

58
Q

Plasma protein that transports molecules and antibodies

A

Globulins

59
Q

Plasma protein that helps in formation of clots

A

Fibrinogen

60
Q

Blood cells (3)

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

61
Q

Erythrocytes characteristics

A

Biconcave disk, no nucleus, contains hemoglobin to carry O2

62
Q

Having one gene that codes for sickle-cell anemia protects against _____

A

malaria

63
Q

Leukocyte types

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

64
Q

Granulocyte types

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

65
Q

Granulocyte characteristics

A

Large granules that pick up specific stains, Lobed nuclei

66
Q

Agranulocyte types

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

67
Q

Neutrophil characteristics

A

Type of granulocyte, picks up acidic and basic stain, most common WBC, has 3-5 lobed nuclei, phagocytic, can leave bloodstream

68
Q

Eosinophil characteristics

A

Granulocyte, picks up acidic stains, bi-lobed nuclei, reduces inflammation

69
Q

Basophil characteristics

A

Granulocytes, pick up basic stains, bilobed nuclei, release histamine and heparin

BIOL 150 Midterm 1 (2 decks)

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