midterm Flashcards
What was the Ming dynasty examination system?
A civil service examination system in imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.
What is shifting baseline syndrome?
A gradual change in our accepted norms and expectations for the environment across generations
What is Eurocentrism
an attitude, conceptual apparatus, or set of empirical beliefs that frame Europe as the primary engine and architect of world history, the bearer of universal values and reason, and the pinnacle and therefore model of progress and development
What is exceptionalism?
belief that past issues and things that have occured in other countries don’t apply to us
Who was Mansa Musa?
Emperor of the kingdom of Mali (richest empire in Africa) He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. “richest man”
Who was Ibn Battuta?
Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits named Rihlah
Who was Zheng He?
chinese admiral, explorer, and diplomat in ming dynasty. regarded as greatest admiral in chinese history
Who was Nezahualcoyotl?
philosopher, king, poet. worshipped a single, all powerful deity “lord of everywhere”
What are indicators of Aztec power?
Controlled so many towns they had 15 million ppl
Large built cities
20 distinct languages
What does modernity refer to?
doesn’t mean contemporary just means new ideas/enlightenment, capitalism, etc.
What was the Black Death?
A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351. Wiped out almost 1/2 european pop.
What was the Ottoman millet system?
system of indirect rule that allowed religious minorities to govern themselves. based on islamic law, used to prevent rebellion in non muslim areas
What was the Jacquerie?
(1358) French peasant revolt; an effect of the Black Death’s economy & 100 years war; rebels massacred to end revolt.
Who was Martin Luther?
german priest + theologian seminal figure of protestant reformation, his belief form basis of Lutheranism. Widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in western + christian history
Who was Jean Calvin?
french theologian, pastor, and reformer during protestant reformation, principle figure in the development of calvinism
What was the Protestant Reformation?
religious movement in 16th century europe, led to creation of protestantism. involved a critique of Catholic Clergy, influenced by wide availability of bibles due to printing press
What was the Thirty Years War?
series of conflicts that took place from 1618-1648 in Europe. killed an estimate 4.5-8 million people. caused by religious conflict (forced citizens to practice roman catholicism) and internal decay (holy roman empire was weak) killed 1/3 of germany
What happened during the siege of Magdeburg?
worst massacre of 30 years war. killed around 20,000
Who were the Levellers?
promoting egalitarian society (all people are equal), “all shall live together as brothers”
What was the enclosure of the commons?
The move to privatize traditionally public lands in an effort to make money.
What was the unification of Japan?
japan unified in 1600. expansion through invasion was not exclusive to europe. centralization of japan came at cost of many human lives
What does epigenetic refer to?
Referring to the effects of environmental forces on the expression of an individual’s or a species’ genetic inheritance.
Who was Samuel Pepys?
englishman who wrote about the plague and the great fire of london
Who was Juan Sepulveda?
He was the adversary of Bartolomé de las Casas in the Valladolid Controversy in 1550 concerning the justification of the Spanish Conquest of the Indies. He defended Spanish right to conquest (pro colonial slavery)
