Midterm Flashcards
What is behaviorist theory? And who are the theorists?
Learning happens through rewards and punishments. They are B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson.
What is the cognitive theory? Who are the theorists?
Learning happens through thinking, memory, and problem-solving. They are Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner.
What is the constructivist theory and who are the theorists?
Learning happens through personal experiences and active discovery and they are Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky.
What is the social Learning Theory and who are the theorists?
Learning happens by watching others and imitating their behavior and it is Albert Bandura.
What is the connectivism Theory and who are the theorists?
Learning happens through connections, especially in the digital age and they are George Siemens, Stephen Downes.
What is a key component of the learner’s educational psychology scope?
Teaching Strategies
What aspect is associated with the teacher in educational psychology?
Learning Content (Curriculum)
What is directly linked to the evaluation of learning outcomes?
Learning Content (Curriculum)
What is an example of positive transfer in learning?
A) A student who knows how to play the violin struggles to learn the guitar because the techniques are different.
B) A person who knows Spanish finds it easier to learn Portuguese because of their similarities.
C) A child who learns addition incorrectly and then struggles with multiplication.
D) A student who memorizes facts but cannot apply them in problem-solving.
B) A person who knows Spanish finds it easier to learn Portuguese because of their similarities.
Which of the following best illustrates negative transfer in learning?
A) Learning how to drive a manual car makes it easier to drive an automatic.
B) A student who learns English grammar has a better understanding of French sentence structure.
C) A soccer player struggles with playing basketball because of different movement patterns.
D) A person trained in traditional painting easily adapts to digital painting.
C) A soccer player struggles with playing basketball because of different movement patterns.
Which of the following is an example of low-road transfer?
A) A driver automatically applies braking skills learned in a car when driving a truck.
B) A student applies mathematical formulas creatively in physics problems.
C) A musician uses knowledge of piano chords to compose a song.
D) A teacher modifies a lesson plan based on student needs.
A) A driver automatically applies braking skills learned in a car when driving a truck.
High-road transfer requires ______.
A) Automatic and unconscious application of previously learned skills
B) Conscious effort to apply learning from one context to another
C) No relationship between prior knowledge and new learning
D) The inability to use past experiences in a new setting
B) Conscious effort to apply learning from one context to another
According to educational psychology, what are the three primary domains of learning?
A) Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor
B) Auditory, Visual, Kinesthetic
C) Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
D) Theoretical, Practical, Experimental
A) Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor
Which learning theory emphasizes the role of rewards and punishments in shaping behavior?
Behaviorism
What is a continuous reinforcement schedule?
Reinforcement is given after every desired behavior.
Which of the following is NOT a type of intermittent reinforcement schedule?
A) Fixed Ratio
B) Variable Ratio
C) Continuous Ratio
D) Fixed Interval
C) Continuous Ratio
What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement increases behavior; punishment decreases behavior.
Which of the following is the highest level in Bloom’s Taxonomy of cognitive learning?
A) Understanding
B) Application
C) Evaluation
D) Creation
D) Creation
Which of the following is an essential characteristic of a good research problem in education?
A) It should be broad and cover multiple topics.
B) It should be relevant, researchable, and contribute to existing knowledge.
C) It should be based purely on personal opinions and experiences.
D) It should only focus on theoretical concepts without practical application.
B) It should be relevant, researchable, and contribute to existing knowledge.
Which of the following is true about continuous reinforcement?
A) It is the best schedule for maintaining behavior over time.
B) It leads to rapid learning but also rapid extinction.
C) It is only used in punishment scenarios.
D) It is most effective when rewards are unpredictable.
B) It leads to rapid learning but also rapid extinction.
Which intermittent reinforcement schedule leads to the highest and most consistent response rates?
Variable Ratio
Which level of Bloom’s Taxonomy involves breaking down information to understand its structure?
Analyzing
What is the first step in identifying a good research problem in education?
Reviewing existing literature to find gaps in knowledge.
The “Applying” stage in Bloom’s Taxonomy refers to:
Using knowledge in new situations.
what are two things that are similar for high Road transfer and low road transfer and what are the differences
Both involve applying knowledge to new situations and are forms of learning transfer. However, while high-road transfer requires conscious and deliberate thinking, low-road transfer happens automatically and unconsciously.
What are the principles that teachers can use to facilitate transfer?
- Promote Meaningful Learning.
- Tapping into prior knowledge.
- Teach Metacognitive Strategies.
What does Promoting Meaningful learning mean?
Helping students understand and connect new information to what they already know, makes the learning more relevant and useful in real life.
What are the variety of techniques for encouraging meaningful learning?
Review students’ prior knowledge before beginning a new lesson or topic.
Require students to construct relationships between new information and their prior knowledge.
Encourage the use of question-answering and self-explanation strategies.
Use manipulatives.
Teach by analogy.
What does tapping into Prior Knowledge help students achieve?
Can help prevent negative transfer by assessing students’ prior knowledge before a lesson.
What is Metacognitive strategy?
helping students become more aware of their thinking processes and giving them tools to improve their learning.
What are the steps for Affective Domain Learning?
Receiving: Being open to new ideas (like listening to someone’s opinion).
Responding: Showing interest or enthusiasm (like participating in a class discussion).
Valuing: Caring about something deeply (like valuing honesty or fairness).
Organizing: Sorting out your priorities and beliefs (like deciding which values are most important to you).
Characterizing: Making these values a core part of who you are (like living your life based on your beliefs).
What are the steps for Cognitive Domain Learning?
Remembering (knowledge): Recalling facts or information (like remembering a phone number).
Understanding (comprehension): Grasping the meaning of something (like understanding a math problem).
Applying: Using knowledge in real situations (like solving a real-world problem).
Analyzing: Breaking information into smaller parts to understand it better (like figuring out why something happened).
Synthesis: combine different pieces of information, ideas, or concepts to form a new whole or to generate something original.
Evaluating: Judging or deciding the value of information (like deciding if a news article is trustworthy).
What are the steps for Psychomotor Domain Learning?
- Reflex movements. ( automatic physical responses to stimuli)
- Basic Fundamental movement.
- Perceptual ( refers to the ability to interpret and make sense of sensory information (what we see, hear, feel, etc.) and use that to guide motor actions.)
- Physical Activities ( the movements and exercises that help individuals develop motor skills, coordination, strength, and physical control.)
- Skilled movements.
- Non-discursive communication ( a way to convey meaning that goes beyond words, relying on body language, facial expressions, tone, and other non-verbal cues to express feelings, thoughts, and intentions.)
What are the types of Intermittent Reinforcement?
- Fixed Ratio (FR):
Reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of responses.
Example: A rat gets a food pellet after pressing a lever 5 times (FR-5). - Variable Ratio (VR):
Reinforcement is provided after a variable number of responses. The number of responses required for reinforcement changes.
Example: A slot machine pays out after a random number of pulls, making it unpredictable. - Fixed Interval (FI):
Reinforcement is provided after a fixed amount of time has passed, as long as the behavior has occurred at least once after the interval.
Example: A worker gets paid every Friday, regardless of the number of tasks completed. - Variable Interval (VI):
Reinforcement is provided after a variable amount of time has passed.
Example: A teacher gives random pop quizzes at varying intervals.
What are the similarities between continuous and intermittent schedules?
Both are reinforcement schedules that aim to increase the frequency of a desired behavior. Both can be used to shape behaviors.
What are the differences between continuous and intermittent schedules?
A continuous schedule is effective for teaching a new behavior while an intermittent schedule is effective for maintaining behavior. The continuous schedule has one type of schedule which is the fixed continuous schedule while the intermittent schedule has four types.
