midterm Flashcards
Hemocytoblast, what myeloid n lymphoid produce
stem cell, pluripoten, in bone marrow
MYELOID produces Erythrocytes, monocyte, myelocytes/granulocytes, thrombocytes
LYMPHOID: t & b cells & natural killer cells
erythrocytes (rbc) stages
MYELOID
Proerythroblast, early & late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocytes (all have nucleus until finally becoming…) ERYTHROCYTES
Monocyte stages
MYELOID
Monoblast, Promonocyte, MONOCYTE
myelocytes/granulocytes (immature wbc)
MYELOID
myeloblast, promyelocytes (eosinophilic, basophilic, neutrophilic), MYELOCYTES (Neutrophils,basophils,eosinophils)
platelets/thrombocytes stages (role in clotting)
MYELOID
megakaryoblast, megakaryocytes n gets fragmented n turned to THROMBOCYTES
T/b/NK cells
LYMPHOID
Lymphoblast, lymphocytes (T/B/NK cells)
Acute, Myelogenous, Lymphocytic leukemia
ACUTE: immature, nonfunctioning (not immunocomepetent:dk what to destroy)
MYELOGENOUS: myeloid stem cell turns cancerous
LYMPHOCYTIC: lymphoid stem cell becomes cancerous
self antigens & nonself antigens + auto immune disease
SELF ANTIGENS:
-present inside us on surface of our cells
-auto immune disease when Ig (antibodies) starts attacking itself
ex) multiple scierosis, diabetes mellitus type 1, graves disease
NONSELF ANTIGENS: foreign, destroys outside
Agglutinogens
specific antigen present on sufurace of cell that determins blood type, containing Glycolipids and glycoproteins
Agglutinins
type of antibody (produced by b lymphocytes) called immunogoblin (igA, igD,igE,igM,igG) that causes red blood cell to clump tg when they detect foriegn antigens
who discoved concept of blood type?
Carl Landsteiner in 1930, 30 types, A,B,AB,O,Rh, NMS, Lewis, Kells, Dufty, Lutheran, Kidd
Rh gets its name from ?
Rh cs seen first in Rhesus monkey
Blood type A, B, AB, O, Rh+ n Rh- means what antigen (on cell) n antibody (floats)
antigen (on cell) n antibody (floats)
A: A,b
B: B,a
AB: A&B, -
O: -, A&B
Rh+: Rh, -
Rh-: -, Rh
o- most univeral (bc rh not present)
What happens when Rh+ n Rh - are tg (& name of disease? + solution (name)
-1st preganacy okay, but second that baby may die (erytrooblastosis fetalis)
- Rhogam (gives antibodies against d to mother) 26 weeks and 72 hrs after birth
when does clumping happen in bloodtypes & anti serum A has what antibodies? when does clumping not occur?
-A antibodies
-recipiant must not have antibodies againt donor but its safe the other way around
ANTIGENS & ANTIBODIES CANNOT MATCH (Agglutination)
-no clumping when no antigen so O type
hemostaisis stages
5-8 mins
STAGE 1: prothrombinase/prothrombin ->PF3 (for activation) ->Promthrombinase (active)
STAGE 2: Prothrombin->(using Promthrombinase (active)) ->Thrombin
STAGE 3: Fibrinogen (globular)->(using Thrombin) ->Fibrin (which traps blood cells, creating SOFT clot)
HARD clot (cross linking of fibrin chains) made by FIBRIN STABILIZING FACTOR (aka lanki-lorand factor)
hemophila
disorder where blood doesnt clot
14 Clotting factors
Foolish People Try Climbing Long Slopes After Christmas Some People Have Fallen.”
Foolish = Factor I (Fibrinogen)
People = Factor II (Prothrombin)
Try = Factor III (Tissue factor, also called Thromboplastin)
Climbing = Factor IV (Calcium, or Ca²⁺)
Long = Factor V (Proaccelerin)
Slopes = Factor VII (Proconvertin)
After = Factor VIII (Anti-hemophilic factor)
Christmas = Factor IX (Christmas factor)
Some = Factor X (Stuart-Prower factor)
People = Factor XI (Plasma thromboplastin antecedent)
Have = Factor XII (Hageman factor)
Fallen = Factor XIII (Fibrin-stabilizing factor) - makes hard clot
14th factor is = pf3
if factor 8 in clotting is missing, this person has…
hemophila (blood doesnt clot proberly
intrinsic pathway
intravascular clotting (clotting activated by internal trama
12, 11, 9, 8 (10, 2, 1)
extrinsic pathway
clotting activated by external trama
7, 3 (10,2,1)
What is used for clot to retract?
thrombosthenin used for clot to shrink
what is used for clot dissolution? & what can be given to patients
- Plasminogen becomes active to plasmin
2.streptokinase used to dissolve clot
procoagulants
heat, rough surface, thromboxane a2 (vasoconstriction & platelet aggregation) ca2+, vit.k