Ch.6: Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the major muscle for breathing?
Diaphragm (prime mover of respiration)
What muscles are involved in inspiration?
External Intercostals Muscles
What are the pressures involved in breathing?
Alveolar Pressure=Pressure inside the lungs.
Pleural Pressure=Pressure outside the lungs.
Transpulmonary Pressure=The difference between alveolar and pleural pressure, driving airflow in and out of the lungs.
How do the lungs work in terms of pressure?
Negative Pressure Type - Air is drawn into the lungs, not forced in.
What controls breathing?
CO2 Levels and its automatically controlled not autonomicly
What are the parts of the upper respiratory tract?
ose, Nasal Cavity, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx
What are the parts of the lower respiratory tract?
Laryngopharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli (air ducts/gas exchange)
What is the conducting zone?
nose, nasal cavit, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, bronchial tree, bronchies, terminal bronchioles
What is the respiratory zone?
repiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
What type of epithelium is found in the nasal cavity?
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
It helps trap dust and pathogens in the mucus.
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing & Prevents food from entering the trachea.
What is the cardiac notch?
A depression in the left lung
left has 2 lobes, right has 3 lobes
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, Sphenoidal, Ethmoidal, Maxillary
They are air-filled cavities that help with sound resonance and lighten the skull.
What happens during sinusitis?
Inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by mucus buildup, leading to discomfort and voice changes.
What happens in the alveoli during gas exchange?
Oxygen is taken up into the bloodstream.
CO₂ is released into the air to be exhaled.
What structures have cartilaginous rings, and what is their function?
Trachea and bronchi have cartilaginous rings for structural support, preventing collapse.
Bronchioles do not have supporting rings and are narrow and collapsible, providing maximum resistance to airflow.
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, Sphenoidal, Ethmoidal, and Maxillary sinuses are air-filled spaces lined with mucus membranes.
Help with sound resonance by creating empty spaces.
Lighten the skull bones.
What happens during sinusitis?
Inflammation of the sinus membranes.
Fluid accumulation fills the sinuses, altering voice resonance and causing discomfort.
What is the function of the soft palate?
Separates the breathing and food passages.
Breathing continues continuously but stops momentarily when swallowing.
What happens to the epiglottis during swallowing?
The epiglottis momentarily blocks the trachea to prevent food from entering the airway.
What is the positional relationship between the trachea and esophagus?
Esophagus (food tube) is posterior (behind).
Trachea (airway) is anterior (in front).
What are the openings of the esophagus and trachea called?
Esophagus opening: Gullet
Trachea opening: Glottis
Where are the different sinuses located?
Frontal Sinus – In the frontal bone (forehead area).
Sphenoidal Sinus – Located toward the middle back of the skull.
Maxillary Sinus – Located in the maxilla (upper jaw).
What is the nasal cavity, and what structures line it?
Nasal cavity: Spaces where air passes through.
Lined by nasal conchae (thin, mucus-lined bones).
Function: Warms and humidifies air to match body temperature.