Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ob > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

Narrow portion of the tube between the interstitial and ampulla segments (curved narrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

Longest and most tortuous segment of the tube.
Most common location for fertilization to occur.
Most common location of ectopic pregnancies.
(Sperm egg meet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s Infundibulum?

A

Wide funnel-shaped opening near the ovary to which fimbriae are attached.
Considered the most distal section of the tube.
Distal close to ovary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fallopian Tubes are AKA:

A

Oviducts
Salpinx
Uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the fallopian tubes ?

A

Transports oocytes from the ovary to the uterine cavity

Provides an area for fertilization to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s fimbriae?

A

Fingerlike projections that extend from the infundibulum.
Primary purpose is to draw the oocyte into the tube.
Finger like, helps the egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false: fallopian tubes are not easily identified with sonography.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The fallopian tubes extend bilaterally from where ?

A

The uterine horns to the ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can some proximal segments may be visualized with high resolution transvaginal imaging?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Approximately how long is the length and diameter of the fallopian tube?

A

7-14cm in length
1-4mm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the fallopian tube contained ?

A

In the upper margin of the broad ligament and it extends from the uterine corner of the uterus laterally where they drive over the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fallopian tubes may become distended secondary to:

A

Infection
Obstruction
Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What ligaments support the fallopian tubes ?

A

Broad ligaments
Suspensory ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fallopian tubes may be filled with:

A

Fluid, blood, pus or combination of all three, depending on the cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the layers of the fallopian tubes ?

A

Outer - serosal
Middle - muscularis
Inner - mucosal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some fallopian tube pathology:

A

Salpingitis
Hydrosalpinx
Pyosalpinx
Hematosalpnix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the fallopian tube sections ?

A

Interstitial
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which segment of the fallopian tube lies within the uterine horn?

A

Interstitial( Intramural )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is salpingitis?

A

An inflammation of a fallopian tube caused by bacterial infection.
Common causes of salpingitis include sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which fallopian tube section is concise red to be the proximal portion of the fallopian tube?

A

Interstitial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which section is the narrow portion of the tube between the interstitial and ampulla segments?

A

Isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which section is the longest and most torturous segment of the tube?

A

Ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In which section is the most common location of the ectopic pregnancies and where fertilization occurs ?

A

Ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some cause and symptoms from salpingitis?

A

Female infertility it can cause damage the fallopian tube.
Symptoms range from asymptomatic to pelvic fullness or discomfort, pain, or a low-grade fever.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is hydrosalpinx?

A

Fluid within the fallopian tube.
Appears as an Anechoic tubular structure.
Due to abruption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which section is wide funnel shaped opening near the ovary to which fimbriae are attached.

A

Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is pyosalpinx?

A

Pus within the fallopian tube.
May appear echogenic or have low level internal echoes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which section is considered to be the most distal section of the tube ?

A

Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which section is finger like projections that extend from the Infundibulum?

A

Fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is hematosalpinx?

A

Blood within the fallopian tube.
Appears as tubular structure with internal low level echoes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is included in the female reproductive cycle:

A

-ovarian and uterine cycles
-hormonal changes that regulate those cycles
-related cyclical changed in the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the menstrual cycles?

A

Ovarian cycle and uterine (endometrial) cycle

33
Q

Define ovarian cycle

A

Series of events in the ovary that occur during and after the maturation of an oocyte

34
Q

Define uterine (endometrial) cycle

A

Series of events in the endometrium to prepare it for the arrival of fertilized ovum that will develop in the uterus until birth

35
Q

What are some facts of the menstrual cycle:

A

-the average menstrual cycle lasts for 28 days
-typically days 1-5 correlate with menses
-ovulation typically occur around day 14
** ovulation is when one or more oocyte are released from the ovary

36
Q

What are the two structures of the brain that releases hormones of the menstrual cycle?

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary gland

37
Q

Hypothalamus releases:

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone- GnRH
- stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release its hormones

38
Q

Anterior pituitary gland:

A

In response to GnRH the anterior pituitary gland releases its hormones:
1. Follicle stimulating hormones— FSH
2. Luteinizing hormones— LH

39
Q

What is FSH?

A

Causes ovarian follicles to develop during the first half of the menstrual cycle

40
Q

What are the three main segments of a follicle?

A
  1. Oocyte
  2. Theca cells
  3. Granulosa cells
    **theca and granulosa cells respond to FSH & LH and in turn produce hormones and fluid
    ** the fluid contained within the follicle is easily visualized sonographicaly
41
Q

What happens to a follicle when FSH is released?

A

Usually only one follicle will reach full maturity— this is the dominant follicle or Graafian follicle

42
Q

What is LH?

A

Surges (or reaches its peak) around day 14 of the menstrual cycle
- the LH surge triggers ovulation meaning it causes the Graafian follicle to rupture and release the oocyte
(Tell it’s time to release egg)

43
Q

What are the steps of the hormones of the menstrual cycle?

A

Hypothalamus + GnRH + Pituitary + LH & FSH + ovaries

44
Q

In the ovaries, what are the two main hormones during the menstrual cycle?

A
  1. Estrogen
  2. Progesterone
45
Q

What is estrogen?

A

-produce by the theca cells and granulosa cells within the maturing follicle
- estrogen is secreted during the first half of the menstrual cycle
-signals the endometrium to thicken
-a thick endometrium provides a favorable environment for implantation of products of conception
(Prepare for possible egg)

46
Q

What is progesterone?

A

-secreted after ovulation has occurred by the corpus luteum of the ovary (formed by residual cells of the rupture Graafian follicle)
-progesterone is secreted during the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle
-Responsible for maintaining the thickness of the endometrium

47
Q

What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle:

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Luteal phase
48
Q

Whats the follicular phase:

A

-development and maturation of follicles
-begins on day 1 of the menstrual cycle
-lasts until approximately day 14 when ovulation occurs

49
Q

What is mittelschmerz?

A

Sharp pain felt during ovulation

50
Q

What is ovulation?

A

-occurs with LH surge
- Graafian follicle ruptures
-oocyte is released
-small amount of fluid may be seen with ultrasound in pouch of Douglas

51
Q

What is luteal phase?

A

-second half of ovarian cycle
- occurs after ovulation
- lasts from approximately days 15- 28

52
Q

At what ovarian cycle does the Luteal phase occur?

A

Second half after ovulation

53
Q

How long does the Luteal phase last?

A

Approx 15-28 days

54
Q

What happens during the Lucite phase?

A

Corpus luteum forms from residual cells of the graafian follicle

55
Q

Does the corpus luteum produce estrogen or progesterone?

A

Progesterone

56
Q

What does progesterone do to the endometrium?

A

Thickends it

57
Q

What happens if fertilization of the Oocyte does not occur during the luteal phase?

A

The corpus Luteum regresses becoming the corpus albicans, which will eventually complete regress

58
Q

In the Luteal phase, does the secretion of progesterone stop or continues?

A

The secretion of progesterone stops and the endometrium is no longer maintained. The cycle begins again.

59
Q

What is the name of the cyst that forms as a result of the menstrual cycle??

A

Functional cysts

60
Q

If the dominant molecule fails to rupture in ovulation and continues to grow, what kind of cyst is it called?

A

Follicular cyst

61
Q

How long is the width of an ovarian follicle in an ultrasound?

A

Less than 3 cm

62
Q

What are the three phases of the endometrial cycle?

A

Menstrual
Proliferated
Secretary

63
Q

What is the thickness in multi layer during the menstrual phase of the endometrium?

64
Q

What is the thickness of the endometrium during the proliferative phase?

65
Q

What is the thickness of the endometrium in the secretory phase?

66
Q

At what phase does shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium occur?

A

Menstrual phase which last approximately 5 days

67
Q

What causes endometrial thickening?

68
Q

At what phase does the endometrium undergoes thickening?

A

Proliferation phase-during the first half of the menstrual cycle

69
Q

During the proliferative phase, how does the endometrium look in an ultrasound?

A

It is thin and echogenic

70
Q

In an ultrasound, how does the endometrium look during a late proliferative phase?

A

The endometrium has a varying echogenicity between the layers, which is referred as the three line sign

71
Q

Which phase occurs after ovulation?

A

Secretory phase

72
Q

During the secretory phase, what is a stimulated by to maintain the endometrial thickness?

A

Progesterone

73
Q

During the secretory phase in an ultrasound, how does the endometrium appear ?

A

Endometrium appears thickened and uniformly echogenic

74
Q

What does the hypothalamus secrete that stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release its hormones?

75
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland release?

76
Q

What does FSH stimulate in the ovaries?

A

Follicle maturation

77
Q

The phase where LH surge causes graafian follicle to ovulate or rapture releasing the oocyte

A

Luteal phase of the ovary

78
Q

The cells within the developing follicles release estrogen during the first half of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen stimulates thickening of the endometrium at what phase does this occur?

A

Proliferative phase of the endometrium

79
Q

The corpus luteum forms from residual cells of the raptureed Graafian follicle. In Which phase does this occur?

A

Luteal / secretory phase

Ob (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions