Midterm

Question 0

Puritans

Answer 0

Separate from Church of England
Prosecuted in Europe and they didn’t like Church of England policies. I.e. Indulgences
Puritans didn’t like some of the practices in Church of England
Most extreme was separatists- wanted full separation from Church of England while most puritans only wanted to change some customs
Ex separatists–ex: pilgrims
Massachusetts and Rhode Island main places for puritans
Quaker vs puritans– Quakers started in Pennsylvania
Community life

Question 1

Dominion of northeast

Answer 1

Puritans-Quakers
Separatists extreme puritans
Fishing, trade with Britain

Question 2

Bacons rebellion

Answer 2

Indentured servants rebelled
Significance: while indentured servants were rebelling they needed some sort of labor. So they started using slaves
One of the first rebellions against british
Because of taxes
Not being represented in house of burgesses
Couldn’t obtain land. No chance of moving up on social ladder
Didn’t like that Indians were thriving while they suffered

Question 3

Occupations

Answer 3

Fishermen
Farmers
Labor workers

Question 4

Slavery

Answer 4

Started later
After bacons rebellion started using them because the indentured servants were rebelling. They needed someone to work
Main labor forces in the beginning (during this time) were indentured servants
Middle passage originated in Europe

Question 5

The great awakening

Answer 5

First major movement in US
United the country to do one thing
Religious revival
Sudden out break of religion throughout the colonies
Mayflower compact–very early example of democracy. Simple, didn’t do much. Just said they would elect representatives and work together to run their small settlement
Anne Hutchinson– spoke out against predestination–; they excommunicated her
Equality in the eyes of god
George whitefield preacher
Jonathan Edwards–also a preacher

Question 6

Albany plan

Answer 6

First plan for governments in the colonies
Benjamin frankin
Want to unite colonies
Britain thought it was a threat because unite against Britain possible

Question 7

Declaration of Independence

Answer 7

Written by Thomas Jefferson
Proclaimed independence from Britain. Accused king of not being a good government
included ideals of enlightenment thinkers
unified country under one document
gave them strength to actually break away from Britain
opened door to foreign help
after dec of ind, now America had no choice but to win or else they’d be punished for treason

Question 8

Mercantalism

Answer 8

policy that colonies only traded, sold, and bought from Britain
had to pay a small tax
but they had a guaranteed market
but they wanted to trade with other foreign nations that Britain won’t let them trade with
=> that’s economic oppression

Question 9

George Washington

Answer 9

remember the farewell address => encouraged them not to make any permanent allies
1st president
important general in Revolution
excellent leadership
general of continental army
Losing Revolution at first, but he led army at Trenton and they won
important because 1st victory for America & boosted morale
Valley Forge also won by him
Yorktown ensured Brit defeat

Question 10

Farewell Address

Answer 10

Washington
“Don’t make permanent allies”
Proved true in the future

Question 11

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 11

Mississippi Valley crucial
Andrew Jackson victory
largest battle of the Second war for Independence
After Treaty of Ghent was passed
Jackson's victory made him a war hero

Question 12

Continental Congress

Answer 12

called for abolition of slavery 1774
told each colony to write their own constitution so colony => state
Second CC try staying calm during Revolution; wanted to reconcile with king
Sent “olive branch petition”–pledged loyalty and asked for peace
After Bunker Hill, no way peace was going to happen
=> Americans fought well–showed they could hold their own against Britain
Later, Congress voted for independence 1776
sent people to France during Revolution to gain some allies against British; French eager to comply because they wanted revenge from 7 years war => after battle of Saratoga, france realize they’re winning so they agreed to help US

Question 13

Articles of Confederation

Answer 13

first form of government
miserably failed and caused chaos. they hadn’t the power to enforce their laws. they couldn’t collect tax to help the country after war.
Shay’s Rebellion really did it for the upper class. After they couldn’t control the farmers from rebelling, they wanted rid of Articles. They didn’t have any military power
angry farmers, put in jail. losing farms. can’t pay debt. upset.
Only a weak government because they feared absolute monarchy like Britain was to them. They took the two extremes.
No executive branch
members elected anually
2/3 vote needed to solve issues
unanimous vote needed to pass amendments
no Bill of Rights
1st steps toward the constitution we have today
if no Articles, states would have been made independent states
Made by 2nd CC
made colonies loosely together, but not united
power to states not govt
no trade, no regulation of tax
outcome: weak economy => inflation. people lose farms couldn’t pay debts
Philadelphia convention: scrap articles and wrote constitution
Good things—-
land ordinances. sold land for cheap price. encourage west movement. selling got money for govt

Question 14

Federalist Papers

Answer 14

Convinced New York to adopt new Constitution
Federalist views, who federalists were, what did they believe in
Federalists—
upper class
Hamilton was leader
wealthy: merchants, bankers, manufacturers
close to coast and trade
pro British (for trade)
——-
outlined flaws of articles
checks and balances benefit country
fed paper #10 written by madison. not one faction could dominate. because of federal power

Question 15

Literary Nationalism

Answer 15

literature united them together
with the help of the printing press
communicate ideas on how govt should be run
—–
britain still looking down on America. US no genre of its own. develop pride for their country. Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving

Question 16

Problems of a New Nation

Answer 16

Factions in politics
slavery
who to trade with/ how to regulate it
some people were unhappy with government, saying it’s too controlling.

Question 17

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 17

Virginia (Madison) & Kentucky (Jefferson)
war of words in response to alien and sedition acts
the federal government had overstepped the authority that the states had awarded when it passed the Alien and Sedition Acts
States had final say in what was constitutional or not
states had right to nullify the laws that fed govt passes because technically states made federal government
“compact theory” “states rights theory” “nullification”
but other states didn’t agree with jeff and madison
———-
Alien Sedition
way for republicans to remain in power. immigrants out because most of them would be antifederalists. dont want people speaking out against government. Federalists want to stay in power

Question 18

First National Bank

Answer 18

Alexander Hamilton–support bank
thought debt would unite country => good thing
Jeffersonians said it’s unconstitutional
Court allowed for bank to be established
Issue: state vs federal power. did govt have right to make bank?
Elastic clause: necessary and proper
Antifeds afraid it was giving govt too much power. not sure constitution said they were allowed to do that

Question 19

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 19

Monroe said if Europe stayed out of US then US stay out of Europe affairs
Europeans came in, US wanted to be dominant power, so dont want too many Europeans in country
US want to prove independence and desire to become a powerful nation

Question 20

War of 1812

Answer 20

US at war w/ Britain again
Feds are pro-Britain, business focus, so opposed to go to war
went as far as saying they would secede if they go to war
significance: end to Fed party because unpopular
Battle of New Orleans=> jackson major victory, so he was rising to power

Question 21

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 21

Jefferson was president he was antifed
Napolean desperate for money, so sold to US 15 million (good price)
Jefferson torn: good deal, but can prez buy land?
he bought it anyway
significance: Mississippi River. important for econ growth

Question 22

Andrew Jackson

Answer 22

Jacksonian democracy
commoner, average citizen
pushed for universal suffrage to all male white citizens
lifted property requirements=> no land to vote :)
Jackson for the people. didn’t care about constitution, only the people
Werchester vs Georgia
people want land indians were on even though constitution said they can’t have it. jackson listened to people, didn’t care about what marshal said. => Trail of Tears happened
Hated national bank, so he got rid of it
Put all money in state banks (pet banks) which lowered econ drastically
bad: lots people borrow money, led to inflation => bad econ

Question 23

Webster Hayne Debates

Answer 23

Daniel Webster vs. Robert Hayne
State vs. fed power
webster North: federal power, protest states nullifying things
Tariff of Abominations
Hayne: SC we have right to nullify tariff of abominations
South doesnt like tariff because it wasn’t helping them. north benefitting fm tariff but south just agriculture, and they’re very dependent on imports.
south doesen’t industrialize, so they need to pay more because of tariff for things they can’t make. they only make cotton. buying more than earning.

Question 24

Henry Clay and American system

Answer 24

member of House
internal improvements to improve US
better transport
war 1812–trouble supplying materials for soldiers
propose high tariffs on imported goods
2nd bank of US to stabilize econ because jackson messed it up
monroe was prez during this time

Question 25

Slave Revolts

Answer 25

insignificant

Question 26

lowell mill girls

Answer 26

cult of domesticity
motherhood
educated children
cared for the house
govt says mothers are important because affects children–tied women to home, but uplifted their status/importance
girls had to work the mills, schedules, working vs. home, contradictory

Question 27

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 27

women met, drafted own dec of ind.=> grievances against men. men is to britain as Women was to Men
no one supported them because they were afraid women would take power etc
1st step for reform for women

Question 28

Oregon Treaty of 1846

Answer 28

btw America and Britain
Joint occupation
russia and spain dropped out of oregon
mostly americans there because americans were closer
54 40 or fight
nothing gained or lost
Britain eventually dropped out. not worth the fighting

Question 29

mexico War

Answer 29

Santa Ana
Texas Revolution
Polk wanted CA
US want to buy CA but Mex mad bc we got TX
we provoke with Zachary Taylor
American blood on American soil
Spot Resolution -- Lincoln
US had right to expand, that's why they wanted CA

Question 30

Know-Nothing Party

Answer 30

Lots of Germans and Irish immigrating to America. they were taking over jobs
Know nothing rose in response to that. they were against immigrants taking their jobs, land, etc
response to immigrants
nativists against immigration
advocate for restriction on immigration and becoming citizens

Question 31

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 31

ban slavery from mexican cession
no slavery in mexico earned territory
not really a law=> issues/debates of slavery started kicking in to high gear

Question 32

Compromise of 1850

Answer 32

lots of slavery problems in US
CA admitted as free state
slave trade abolished in DC
South got:
    pop soveregnty in rest of land from Mex
    more strict fugitive slave law
important: didn't fix problems of slavery, just prolonged it
after war w mexico and CA etc

Question 33

Crittenden Compromise

Answer 33

keep south from seceding 1860 civil war not yet
attempt to appease south
slavery in territories
above 36 30 free
south–could be slave based on the people/ popular sovereignty
govt would protect you if you were slave state

Question 34

Dred Scott Decision

Answer 34

Dred Scott said he was free cuz he lived in free state
court said he was not a citizen so he wasn’t free
any thing prohibiting slavery is unconstitutional i.e. missouri compromise. offended the north a lot
Can’t outlaw slavery

Question 35

Kansas Nebraska

Answer 35

contradict missouri compromise
bleeding kansas–people going in trying to vote for slave or not slave state
above 36 30

Question 36

NYC Draft Riots

Answer 36

war going on for a while and no more volunteers, not much enthusiasm
could pay sum to not be drafted
working men who couldn’t afford it was mad because they couldn’t get out of war like rich men

Question 37

Lincoln & Radical Reconstructionists

Answer 37

Lincoln more lenient ex: 10%
Union would exist again, wounds heal faster
Oath of allegience etc
Congress disagree w/ lincoln => Wade Davis Bill
    want it to be stricter
Radical reconstruction
     troops in confederacy area
johnson's plan: mix of both
      ratify 13 and 14th amendment
      new constitution

Question 38

Booker T. Washington

Answer 38

Develop Tuskegee Institute for black education in Alabama

Question 39

Plessy vs Ferguson

Answer 39

Separate but equal” legalized
want to end Jim Crow laws
court said separate but equal was constitution as long as facilities were equal

Question 40

Immigration issues

Answer 40

Old:
  irish and german
  taking jobs
  alien sedition
  east factories
  from north and west europe
New:
  chinese and asians
  taking work
  law not allowing chinese immigration
  industry
  from south and east europe
  hate from nativists
  Chinese exclusion Act 1882
  National group targeted act

Question 41

Purchase of Alaska

Answer 41

Russia selling alaska
US didn't care for alaska
good deal so they bought it
good deal because alaska had gold and oil
William H Seward
$7.2 milllioin
some peoplel thought he made a mistake

Question 42

Haymarket Square Riot

Answer 42

In Chicago
unskilled workers being replaced at mccormick harvesting machine co. these workers got angry, fired workers attacked “scabs” new workers. police open fired against striking men
incident May 3
May 4 call for rally
at end, bomb went off, police were injured
people were afraid of the violence
people didn’t think it was worth it, so they avoided it

Question 43

Dawes Act

Answer 43

try to make indians white
indians could become US citizens in 25 years
1887
indian school
kill indian way of life

Question 44

AF of L

Answer 44

American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers 1886
improve work conditions
for the union
must join union to be a worker
used boycott and strike as a weapon
can't' be an unskilled worker

Question 45

Social Darwinism

Answer 45

Charles darwin
survival of the fittest
ones who survive has trait that lets them survive
industrial revolution (ex)
rich born rich for reason and poor poor for reason
rich considered superior to poor