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AP Modern World > Midterm! > Flashcards

Midterm! Flashcards

1
Q

What was the significance of the year 1054?

A

It was the first break in the Christian Church called “The Great Schism”

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2
Q

What’s “The Great Schism”?

A

-a permanent split in the Christian faith between Rome and Constantinople, leading to separate Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches
-Caused because many Greek churches didn’t want to use Latin & fights over leavened vs unleavened bread

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3
Q

What is the main fact to know about Orthodox Christianity?

A

There is NO BELIEF in Purgatory

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4
Q

The British are _____ dealers, specifically carrying…?

A

drug dealers, dealing opium

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5
Q

Shamanism

A

a belief system in which people interact with a spirit world; alerting your consciousness, sometimes by the use of drugs

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6
Q

Animism

A

The attribution of souls to plants, animals, and nature

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7
Q

The Sumerians

A

-Modern day Iraq
-Created the first writing style, cuneiform

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8
Q

Zorastrianism

A

-Free will with heaven and hell judgment
-messianism
-Ahura Mazda as the one wise God
-Zarathustra as the prophet

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9
Q

Buddhism

A

-beliefs and practices based on the teachings of Buddha
-spreads on the silk road
-reincarnation

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10
Q

Hinduism

A

-Divided into 6 different philosophies and two different “schools”
-Vedanta and Yoga
-Bhagavad Gita as the most important book

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11
Q

Abrahamic Religion

A

Abraham as the starter, splitting into Issac and Ishmael…
-Isaac becomes Judaism, and then Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity
-Ishmael becomes Islam, then Sunni and shiite muslim

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12
Q

The Jewish Holy Book is the…

A

Torah

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13
Q

The Holy Book of Islam…

A

The Quran

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14
Q

Judaism

A

-Monotheistic
-God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai
-Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform

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15
Q

In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue AND…

A

The Jews were kicked out of Spain due to facing violence and repression in Western Europe

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16
Q

Islam

A

-Monotheistic; God is Allah
-Muhammad as the prophet
-Hajj = pilgrimage to Mecca

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17
Q

Sunni Muslim vs Shia Muslim

A

Sunni:
-believe that Muslim ruler should follow the Sunnah Muhammad teachings

Shia:
-Believe that Ali, Prophet’s son in law should have succeeded Muhammad
-Believe that all Muslim rulers should have descended from Muhammad: does not recognize the authority of the Sunnah
-Claims that the Sunni have disturbed meaning of various passages in the Quran

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18
Q

The original dispute between Sunni and Shia Muslims is about…

A

who should lead the faith after the prophet Muhammad died

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19
Q

Mansa Musa I of Mali

A

-Rules kingdom of Mali; arguable the word’s wealthiest person
-Exports massive amounts of gold to Europe and the Middle East
-His empire controlled so much gold that he caused economic turmoil when he went on the Hajj

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20
Q

The Silk Road

A

-a trade network
-Destroyed by Mongols and killed by ships

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21
Q

The Mongol Conquest

A

-Ruled by Genghis Khan and his sons
-the fall of silk road cities
-Mass death and destruction
-bureaucracy for collecting tribute
-Let local rulers and customs remain

22
Q

The Mungul Empire

A

-1526-1857
-founded by Emperor Babur (descendant of Genghis Khan)
-Muslim Empire with a very diverse ruling class (no forced conversions to Islam)
-Recruited Hindus and other non-muslims into the nobility
-No slavery, but servants

23
Q

What Indian industry produced most of India’s wealth?

A

Cotton

24
Q

What two major world religions were originated in present day India?

A

Hinduism and Buddhism

25
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

-1700-1100 BC
-First Chinese civilization to leave significant archeological remains

26
Q

Confucianism

A

-Chinese belief system guiding ethics and morality
-focused on building family and spiritual harmony

27
Q

Yuan Dynasty

A

-1271-1368
-Established by Genghis Khan’s grandson, Kublai Khan

28
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

-1368-1644
-Revolt by Han Chinese because of discrimination and radiation (revolt against Mongols)
-Very religiously diverse
-One of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history

29
Q

Zeng He

A

-Chinese Naval Captain
-Captured and castrated at birth
-commanded large and powerful fleet that sailed all the way to Africa
-carried massive amounts of gold and silver back to China

30
Q

Macau =

A

the hub of global trade with China

31
Q

The Qing Dynasty

A

-an imperial examination system to recruit Han Chinese to help run the empire
-Market economy (early capitalism)

32
Q

The Ottoman Empire

A

-1299-1922
-Massive judiciary and civil servant system
-Ottoman Slavery: not an economic system; slaves were used to create the Kul, former christians would become government officials and soldiers. Beloved that the system created total loyalty to the sultan.

33
Q

The Ottoman “Millet System”

A

the administration of different religious groups; each religious group was allowed to govern itself

34
Q

The Jannisaries

A

elite slave soldiers in the Ottoman Empire who were captured from Christian families and castrated, but eventually became a power class in the Ottoman system despite slave status

35
Q

Suleiman the Magnificent

A

-Big hat guy
-Conquered the Balkans
-considered himself the protector of Spanish and other Jews

36
Q

The Russian Empire

A

-Began as a series of Christian Slabic city states and a separate Muslim “Bulgar state”
-Had serfdom, not slavery

37
Q

The “Golden Horde” =

A

Mongols in Russia

38
Q

Under Mongol rule, the city of _________ became powerful by…

A

Moscow by collecting tribute and taxes for the Golden Horde

39
Q

Ivan the Terrible

A

-takes over Russia & the Mongol Empire
-massacred over 10,000 people
-forced conversions to orthodox Christianity
-Believed in creating “the torments of hell on earth”
-Beat his son to death with a golden scepter, so he had no heir

40
Q

How Ivan created a Modern empire

A

1) controlled the Nobles
2) secret police (oprichniki)
3) created a standing army
4) Russia’s first printing press
5) takes over the old Mongol bureaucracy (borrowing from the Golden Horde like the Ming Dynasty) and tries to centralize the state

41
Q

Oprichniki

A

-personal, monk like, police force
-terrorized rebellious villagers and nobles
-ex: boiling hands

42
Q

Russian colonies want…?

A

Ports! (warm water)

43
Q

Peter the Great

A

-warrior
-builds the Russian Navy

44
Q

Dress code of 1698

A

-Antibeard law
-Police had the power to stop you and shave your beard
-could pay a beard tax to keep your beard

45
Q

Catherine the Great

A

-married to Peter III
-created a special government agency to govern Islam
-restricted Jews to living in the pale of the settlement

46
Q

Serfdom

A

-people tied to ancestral land
-families remained together
-masters rarely interfered in the lines of serfs

47
Q

The Holy Roman Empire

A
  • a loose confederation of Catholic states
48
Q

The Golden Bull of 1356

A

-provides an early form of a constitution where princes elect an emporer

49
Q

Charmagne

A

-attempted to unite Western Europe under his authority and the Catholic Church
-attempted to centralize the state

50
Q

Renaissance and the Reformation

A

-Religious, social, and political change begin in Europe

51
Q

Martin Luther

A

-Priest, Monk, Professor from “Germany”
-Belief in Jesus, not good deeds and the sacraments = key to salvation

52
Q
A

AP Modern World (5 decks)

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