Midterm! Flashcards
What was the significance of the year 1054?
It was the first break in the Christian Church called “The Great Schism”
What’s “The Great Schism”?
-a permanent split in the Christian faith between Rome and Constantinople, leading to separate Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches
-Caused because many Greek churches didn’t want to use Latin & fights over leavened vs unleavened bread
What is the main fact to know about Orthodox Christianity?
There is NO BELIEF in Purgatory
The British are _____ dealers, specifically carrying…?
drug dealers, dealing opium
Shamanism
a belief system in which people interact with a spirit world; alerting your consciousness, sometimes by the use of drugs
Animism
The attribution of souls to plants, animals, and nature
The Sumerians
-Modern day Iraq
-Created the first writing style, cuneiform
Zorastrianism
-Free will with heaven and hell judgment
-messianism
-Ahura Mazda as the one wise God
-Zarathustra as the prophet
Buddhism
-beliefs and practices based on the teachings of Buddha
-spreads on the silk road
-reincarnation
Hinduism
-Divided into 6 different philosophies and two different “schools”
-Vedanta and Yoga
-Bhagavad Gita as the most important book
Abrahamic Religion
Abraham as the starter, splitting into Issac and Ishmael…
-Isaac becomes Judaism, and then Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity
-Ishmael becomes Islam, then Sunni and shiite muslim
The Jewish Holy Book is the…
Torah
The Holy Book of Islam…
The Quran
Judaism
-Monotheistic
-God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai
-Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform
In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue AND…
The Jews were kicked out of Spain due to facing violence and repression in Western Europe
Islam
-Monotheistic; God is Allah
-Muhammad as the prophet
-Hajj = pilgrimage to Mecca
Sunni Muslim vs Shia Muslim
Sunni:
-believe that Muslim ruler should follow the Sunnah Muhammad teachings
Shia:
-Believe that Ali, Prophet’s son in law should have succeeded Muhammad
-Believe that all Muslim rulers should have descended from Muhammad: does not recognize the authority of the Sunnah
-Claims that the Sunni have disturbed meaning of various passages in the Quran
The original dispute between Sunni and Shia Muslims is about…
who should lead the faith after the prophet Muhammad died
Mansa Musa I of Mali
-Rules kingdom of Mali; arguable the word’s wealthiest person
-Exports massive amounts of gold to Europe and the Middle East
-His empire controlled so much gold that he caused economic turmoil when he went on the Hajj
The Silk Road
-a trade network
-Destroyed by Mongols and killed by ships
The Mongol Conquest
-Ruled by Genghis Khan and his sons
-the fall of silk road cities
-Mass death and destruction
-bureaucracy for collecting tribute
-Let local rulers and customs remain
The Mungul Empire
-1526-1857
-founded by Emperor Babur (descendant of Genghis Khan)
-Muslim Empire with a very diverse ruling class (no forced conversions to Islam)
-Recruited Hindus and other non-muslims into the nobility
-No slavery, but servants
What Indian industry produced most of India’s wealth?
Cotton
What two major world religions were originated in present day India?
Hinduism and Buddhism
Shang Dynasty
-1700-1100 BC
-First Chinese civilization to leave significant archeological remains
Confucianism
-Chinese belief system guiding ethics and morality
-focused on building family and spiritual harmony
Yuan Dynasty
-1271-1368
-Established by Genghis Khan’s grandson, Kublai Khan
Ming Dynasty
-1368-1644
-Revolt by Han Chinese because of discrimination and radiation (revolt against Mongols)
-Very religiously diverse
-One of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history
Zeng He
-Chinese Naval Captain
-Captured and castrated at birth
-commanded large and powerful fleet that sailed all the way to Africa
-carried massive amounts of gold and silver back to China
Macau =
the hub of global trade with China
The Qing Dynasty
-an imperial examination system to recruit Han Chinese to help run the empire
-Market economy (early capitalism)
The Ottoman Empire
-1299-1922
-Massive judiciary and civil servant system
-Ottoman Slavery: not an economic system; slaves were used to create the Kul, former christians would become government officials and soldiers. Beloved that the system created total loyalty to the sultan.
The Ottoman “Millet System”
the administration of different religious groups; each religious group was allowed to govern itself
The Jannisaries
elite slave soldiers in the Ottoman Empire who were captured from Christian families and castrated, but eventually became a power class in the Ottoman system despite slave status
Suleiman the Magnificent
-Big hat guy
-Conquered the Balkans
-considered himself the protector of Spanish and other Jews
The Russian Empire
-Began as a series of Christian Slabic city states and a separate Muslim “Bulgar state”
-Had serfdom, not slavery
The “Golden Horde” =
Mongols in Russia
Under Mongol rule, the city of _________ became powerful by…
Moscow by collecting tribute and taxes for the Golden Horde
Ivan the Terrible
-takes over Russia & the Mongol Empire
-massacred over 10,000 people
-forced conversions to orthodox Christianity
-Believed in creating “the torments of hell on earth”
-Beat his son to death with a golden scepter, so he had no heir
How Ivan created a Modern empire
1) controlled the Nobles
2) secret police (oprichniki)
3) created a standing army
4) Russia’s first printing press
5) takes over the old Mongol bureaucracy (borrowing from the Golden Horde like the Ming Dynasty) and tries to centralize the state
Oprichniki
-personal, monk like, police force
-terrorized rebellious villagers and nobles
-ex: boiling hands
Russian colonies want…?
Ports! (warm water)
Peter the Great
-warrior
-builds the Russian Navy
Dress code of 1698
-Antibeard law
-Police had the power to stop you and shave your beard
-could pay a beard tax to keep your beard
Catherine the Great
-married to Peter III
-created a special government agency to govern Islam
-restricted Jews to living in the pale of the settlement
Serfdom
-people tied to ancestral land
-families remained together
-masters rarely interfered in the lines of serfs
The Holy Roman Empire
- a loose confederation of Catholic states
The Golden Bull of 1356
-provides an early form of a constitution where princes elect an emporer
Charmagne
-attempted to unite Western Europe under his authority and the Catholic Church
-attempted to centralize the state
Renaissance and the Reformation
-Religious, social, and political change begin in Europe
Martin Luther
-Priest, Monk, Professor from “Germany”
-Belief in Jesus, not good deeds and the sacraments = key to salvation
